• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2015

We reported an outbreak of clinical strangles in thoroughbred horses due to capnophilic Streptococcus equi subsp equi in South Korea. On three different farms, we isolated 17 S equi subsp equi isolates from 29 horses with or without abscesses in their lymph nodes. Of the 17 isolates, two isolates from clinical cases grew well in aerobic conditions, whereas 7/7 isolates from clinical cases and 8/22 isolates from the nasal discharges of horses did not. The latter 15 isolates were capnophilic, oxygen-sensitive, and $CO_2$-requiring S equi subsp equi, which could not grow in aerobic conditions, but which grew well in a $CO_2$ incubator with 5% $CO_2$, in anaerobic conditions using a GasPak, and with reduced oxygen tension in a candle jar. This study is the first report of a strangles outbreak caused by capnophilic S equi subsp equi in South Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2006

This work describes an outbreak of strangles due to Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in 1 to 2 years old Thoroughbred horses. A total of 7 samples were collected from 5 horses in two different horse farms during 2003. Six ${\beta}$-hemolytic colonies selected from each sample were identified by biochemical tests using API STREPTO followed by PCR amplification which is able to recognize unique region of SeM gene of S. equi subsp. equi. All colonies selected from the ruptured lymphadenitis of 2 horses in farm A were identified as S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimillis. It seems to be secondary infection because the sampling sites have been already opened and the horses have been treated with antibiotics for a week. All colonies from 2 submandibular lymphadenitis samples in Farm B were S. equi subsp. equi while the isolates from 3 nasal discharges in this farm were mixed with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.132-134
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• 2017

Streptococcus equi subsp. equi which is a Gram-positive bacteria causes strangles a highly contagious disease that affects the respiratory system of the horse. The disease is characterized by fever, nasal discharges and enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and upper neck region. This study was performed to monitor the level of serum strangles antibody titers of horses in Jeju. A total of clinically healthy 122 horses (41 horses less than 5 months, 81 horses more than 1 years old) were included in this study. Serum antibody titers against strangles were measured by means of Passive haemagglutination (PHA) titers. As the results, the level of foals was definitely low. The results of this study have shown that there is a need to consider the vaccination against strangles infection at foals.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1982

Presently, most of rail stations are situated on the surface of dowl1town and thus result in heavy traffic congestion and inefficient use of land. This paper analyzes the impact of alternative locations of station On urban traffic patterns by simulating transportation systems, of Busan city. Since location of station has long-term effects on land use and transportation, 20 years forecast of land use change, trip generation, trip distribution, modal split and network assignment was performed for each alternative, and aggregate Impacts On passenger-km and passenger-hour were computed. The result indicated that Bujeon is the most desirable location of station in terms of traffic movement, compared to the alternative locations of Sasang and existing station. Relocation of rail station, however, should be decided with broader analysis including other aspects, such as urban development, environment, construction and operating costs, etc.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1985

The relationship between the fishing grounds of Buse, Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson), and oceanographic condition in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is studied on the basis of the data of the catches of stow net fishery (Fisheries Research and Development Agency, $1967{\sim}1979$) and the oceanographic observation data. The main fishing grounds of the Buse was concentrated in southwestern area of Cheju island and the best catch was in April. CPUE was less than 50 kg/haul in the most pare of fishing grounds, there-fore the conditions of fishing grounds generally were poor and coefficients of variance were also large. In the main fishing period, April, the fishing grounds were generally distributed in colder region of $8^{\circ}C$ through $10^{\circ}C$ isotherm at 50 m depth, than Yellow croaker and Gangdali which were distributed between $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the seroprevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4), equine influenza virus (EIV), and Streptococcus (S.) equi subspecies equi in the horse population of Jeju. Serum samples were taken from 71 horses, regularly vaccinated with EHV-1 and strangles twice (April and November) a year. In April 2014, seropositive rates of EHV-1 and strangles were 24.5% and 84.5%, while in November, were 26.8% and 62.0%, respectively. A total of 1,144 serum samples, including Jeju native horses, Halla horses, and Thoroughbred horses were collected from slaughter house for 4 years (2014 to 2017) and it is unclear the animals were vaccinated or not. The seropositive rates in Jeju was 21.9% (250/l,144) for EHV-1, 96.4% (1,103/1,144) for EHV-4, 14.6% (129/882) for EIV, and 79.3% (879/1,108) for strangles. The seropositive rate was the highest in Thoroughbred, but lowest in Hala horse.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.371-382
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• 1999

This paper presents the results of recent nutrients measurement and analysis in relation to other environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, AOU and pH in the South Sea, Korea. In summer, temperature showed stronger correlation with nutrients than salinity and also did the parameters related to biological activities such as pH and AOU. Implications of above results exemplify that primary producers in the vicinity of salt front actively consumed nutrients so that nutrients-salinity correlation is strongly modified in the salt front. Nutrient in winter showed significant correlation only with temperature. Nutrient distribution seems governed by the location of thermal front between vertically mixed cold water in northern area and warm waters flowing north. Due to weak biological activity in winter pH-nutrients correlation, which was strongest in summer ($R^2$ >0.6) dropped sharply in winter ($R^2$ <0.5). Depth integrated nitrate+nitrite, phosphate and silicate values are 321 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 23 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 637 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in summer and 261 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 31 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 742 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in winter, respectively. NIP values in summer exhibit phosphorus deficiency, however, winter situation is reversed for nitrogen. Nitrogen input via precipitation and riverine discharge in wet season seems potentially critical for maintaining the South Sea ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.166-179
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• 1985

The seasonal distribution and migration of flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami (LeSueur), in the North Pacific were studied by means of mantle length, surface temperature, and catch and effort data of the Korean drift gillnet fishery from 1980 to 1983. The water temperature for the best fishing ranged from $15^{\circ}\;to\;16^{\circ}C$ in May through July and from $13^{\circ}\;to\;18^{\circ}C$ in August through January. High densities of flying squid were found in the thermal fronts with $18^{\circ}C$ isotherm in August and with $15^{\circ}C$ isotherm in September. The densities of flying squid were higher in the western region than in the eastern region in the North Pacific. The high densities of flying squid in the northwestern Pacific were attributed to the high gradients of oceanographic properties in the region. Migration models for flying squid were hypothesized based on the monthly distributions of catch per unit net, mantle length compositions by statistical blocks, and the hydrographic features of the North Pacific. The large flying squid moved to the northern region and to the central Pacific region earlier than the small sized group in the northward migration period (from June to August). Flying squid begin the reverse southward migration from the Subarctic Frontal Zone in autumn with onset of cooling and the development of Oyashio Current. The large sized group starts their southward return migration from more northern waters than the small sized group but the former moves past the later ana reaches the spawing ground first.