• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.5-16
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• 2016

New PHC piles, where short steel pipes are attached to the pile toe, are developed to increase the base load capacity of bored pre-cast piles embedded in weathered rock. In this study, new bored pre-cast piles using the new PHC piles are installed at 7 test sites with different soil conditions, and static and dynamic pile load tests are performed to investigate quantitative characteristics on the base load capacity of new bored pre-cast piles. In addition, based on the static pile load test results, a new empirical equation for estimating the base load capacity of new bored pre-cast piles is proposed. A comparison between predicted and measured base load capacities shows that the proposed empirical equation produces conservative predictions for the new bored pre-cast piles. However, the existing design criterion significantly underestimates the base load capacity of new bored pre-cast piles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.713-720
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• 2008

본 연구는 낙동강 하구 대심도 연약지반에 항타관입된 PHC 말뚝에 대하여 SPT 지지력 공식으로 부터 계산된 선단지지력 값과 PDA 시험에서 얻어진 선단지지력 측정값을 비교하였다. 또한, SPT N값이 50이 넘는 경우에 대하여는 N값과 롯드 관입깊이의 선형관계를 가정하여 30cm 관입깊이에 해당하는 N값을 적용한 경우와 CPT $q_c$와의 상관성을 이용하여 $q_c$값으로부터 N값을 산정한 경우의 2가지 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서 적용한 SPT 지지력 공식 모두 측정된 선단지지력 값과 차이가 났으며, SPT 지지력 공식은 대심도 연약지반에 항타 근입된 말뚝에 대하여 실제적인 설계를 수행할 때 신뢰하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 또한, N>50인 경우에 대하여 N값과 롯드 관입깊이의 선형관계를 적용하는 것은 지지력을 매우 과대평가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.658-666
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• 2005

시멘트밀크(저압이나 고압에 의한 선단확근말뚝공법)나 쏘일시멘트(SIP말뚝공법) 위에 안치된 말뚝기초의 선단지지력과 확대기초를 지지하는 시멘트밀크 고결체 기둥 기초의 연직지지력 공식을 알아보기 위하여 총 14개의 시험체에 대하여 정재하시험 및 하중전이시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과에 의하면, 고결체 주변지반의 구속효과가 없는 8개의 시험체는 말뚝선단보강형태와는 무관하게 말뚝선단 아래의 시멘트밀크 고결체의 강도와 면적이 클수록 크게 나타났으며, 평균구속계수는 자유표면의 영향으로 1 보다 적은 0.43(D+1)이었다. 그리고 고결체 주변지반의 구속효과를 받는 6가지 지반조건에서 설치된 말뚝의 구속계수는 말뚝선단 아래 시멘트밀크 고결체를 주변지반의 구속효과로 1 보다 큰 평균 2.1의 값을 나타내었다. 그리고 지반의 구속효과를 고려한 말뚝기초와 직접기초 아래에 설치된 시멘트밀크 고결체의 이론적인 (선단)지지력 공식을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.27-38
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• 2019

Bearing capacity of a pile in homogeneous soil is the sum of end bearing and skin resistance, and the skin resistance is more prominent in sandy soil. Bearing capacity of a pile in pile groups especially in sandy ground should be designed under the consideration of the influence by the adjacent piles. In this study, the end bearing capacity of a pile in pile groups was experimentally investigated. For this purpose, piles were installed in sandy ground in a circular test box, and end bearing - settlement behavior of the pile was measured while the pile was loaded. As the results, end bearing - settlement relation curves of the piles showed a distinct limit value. Limit value of the end bearing was little affected by skin friction and pile diameter, and it became a constant value as pile penetrates deeper. End bearing was not affected by the adjacent piles in a group of piles, when their clearance was larger than the pile diameter.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.135-143
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• 2004

In the land section of marine bridge construction site, to confirm the end bearing of large diameter drilled shaft constructed in the fault zone which was discovered unexpectedly, the hi-directional end loading tests were performed. The objectives of this study are to confirm the end bearing of the pile constructed in fault zone and the increasing effect of end bearing after grouting the base ground beneath the pile toe. After grouting the pile base ground, the settlement of pile base decreased considerably and the pile base resistance increased more than twice.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.89-100
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of bearing capacity of pre-bored super strength PHC (SSPHC) piles socketed in rocks based on dynamic load test results. Because the SSPHC piles have high compressive concrete strengths compared with those of regular high strength PHC piles, the allowable structural strengths of the SSPHC piles were increased. For optimal design of the super strength PHC piles, the geotechnical bearing capacity of the SSPHC piles should also increased to balance the increased allowable structural strength of the SSPHC piles. Current practices of pile installation apply the same amount of driving energy on both SSPHC and high strength PHC piles. As results of analyzing factors that influence bearing strength of SSPHC piles using dynamic load test, there was no relationship between SPT-N value at pile toe and end bearing capacity. But driving energy effects on end bearing capacity. In case of skin friction, driving energy had no effects. And reasonable method verifying design bearing strength is necessary because end bearing capacity is not considered sufficiently in restrike test results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.792-798
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• 2008

CPT 시험은 지난 30여년 동안 지반조사 분야에서 널리 이용되어 왔다. CPT 콘의 근입은 항타말뚝의 근입방법과 유사하기 때문에, CPT 콘의 선단저항력을 이용하여 말뚝의 지지력을 산정하려는 연구가 많이 수행되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 기존에 제안된 CPT 선단지지력 공식의 적용성을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 낙동강 하구 대심도 연약지반에서 수행된 항타 PHC 말뚝에 대한 총 172개의 PDA 시험자료와 80개소의 CPT 자료를 수집하였다. PDA시험의 CAPWAP분석에서 얻어진 선단지지력과 각 CPT 지지력 공식에서 산정된 선단지지력을 비교함으로써 각 공식의 적용성을 분석하였다. 분석에 이용된 CPT 지지력 공식은 Aoki 방법, Meyerhof 방법, Penpile 방법, Philpponnat 방법, LCPC 방법, Schmertmann 방법, Zhou 방법, ICP 방법, Eslami & Fellenius 방법, 그리고 UWA-05 방법의 총 10가지이다. 분석결과, Aoki 방법, Phillipponnat 방법, ICP 방법 그리고 LCPC 방법 순으로 그 적용성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 1999

Static load tests were performed for open-ended piles, closed-ended piles, piles with grouted toe, and base-grouted piles by using calibration chamber. Then vertical bearing capacities determined from load tests were compared with each other. The stability of base-grouted pile during a simulated seaquake was investigated by changing the penetration depth. Also, static load tests and seaquake tests for 2-piles and 4-piles group were performed. The bearing capacity of the pile grouted inside the toe was 11.2~30.8% less than that of open-ended pile because of reduction of base resistance due to disturbance of base soil under pile toe. The bearing capacity of a base-grouted pile was 23.8~33.9% more than that of an open-ended pile and was similar to that of a closed-ended pile. The bearing capacity of base-grouted group pile was increased ; the bearing capacity of base-grouted 2-piles group increased 14.6~31.8% compared to that of open-ended 2-piles group, and that of base-grouted 4-piles group increased 15.3~22.4% compared to that of open-ended 4-piles group. During the simulated seaquake in deep sea, stability of base-grouted pile was found to be dependent on the pile penetration depth. During seaquake motion, single long base-grouted pile longer than 20m was stable and short base-grouted pile shorter than 12m failed. But relatively long base-grouted pile longer than 12m kept mobility state. Bearing capacity of base-grouted group pile with penetration depth less than 7m was degraded a little bit ; so, base-grouted group pile could maintain mobility condition.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2023

A base expansion micropile was developed to improve the bearing capacity of the micropile, which bears a simple device installed at the pile base. Under an axial load, this base expansion structure radially expands at the pile tip and attaches itself around ground, compressing the boring wall in the construction stage. In this study, conventional and base expansion micropiles were constructed in the weathered rock where micropiles are commonly installed. Further, field load tests were conducted to verify the bearing capacity enhancement effect. From the load test results, it was revealed that the shaft resistance of base expansion micropiles was about 12% higher than that of conventional micropiles. The load transfer analysis results also showed that compared to conventional micropiles, the unit skin friction and unit end bearing of base expansion micropiles were 15.4% and 315.1% higher, respectively, in the bearing zone of the micropile.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.7-22
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• 2021

In this study, inverse analysis was performed on the bi-directional axial compressive load test conducted on drilled shafts. And the bearing capacities were analyzed by numerical analysis of various pile tip ground conditions of silt clay, silt sand, sand silt, sand gravel, weathered rock, and soft rock. The bearing capacities were analyzed using the P-S method, the Davisson method, and the allowable sttlement of 25.4 mm. The minimum allowable bearing capacities analyzed by three methods were found to be 19.64 MN ~ 24.96 MN. At this time, the base resistances were sharing a 2% ~ 12% of a head load, shaft resistance were shared 88% ~ 98% of the head load. The greater the strength of pile tip was found to increase the allowable bearing capacity. However, the difference between the maximum allowable bearing capacity and the minimum allowable bearing capacity was 5.32 MN, and the increase in the allowable bearing capacity was only 27% depending on the pile tip.