• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.52
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• pp.11-16
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• 1997

석회동굴은 석회암지역에서 형성된다. 이들 석회동굴은 석회암의 화학성분이 용해되어 지하에 스며들어 석회동굴을 형성한다. 석회암지대의 지표면에는 돌리네, 우발라와 같은 각종 지형이 나타나는데 이들을 카르스트지형이라 부르고 이들이 계속 변질 환산되어가는 과정을 카르스트윤회라고 한다. 카르스트윤회과정에서 지표수가 지하에 스며들어 지하수통로인 지하수동 즉 석회동굴이 형성되는데 이 지하수 통로가 바로 동굴인 것이다. 이렇게 형성된 동굴의 천정에는 계속적으로 땅속으로 지표면에서 물방울이 스며들게 되는데 이들 석회암의 용해물방울이 땅속지하수동의 천정, 벽면에 침적되어 이른바 동굴의 2차 생성물이 형성되는 것이다.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.23-30
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• 1980

한반도 각지에는 캠브로-오오도비스기(Cambro-Ordovician)에 속하는 두터운 석회암층이 분포되어 있어 석회암지대 특유의 karst지형을 형성하는 곳이 많다. 그들은 3개의 분포지역으로 구분되는데, 즉, 평안지향사, 삼척지향사 및 옥천지향사 기타 소규모의 분포를 이루는 지역들이다. 이들 지역에는 국지적으로 karst지형의 특징이 잘 관찰되고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.84-85
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• 1994

카르스트란 용어는 원내 Slav어인 Krs에서 유내된 말인데 울퉁불퉁한 암석이나 일반적으로 암석이란 뜻이며 Yugoslavia의 서북부 Slovenia 지방에 분포하고 있는 석회암지대를 가르키며 독일어인 "Karst"란 용어가 전세계적으로 통용되고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.91-118
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• 1999

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.25-32
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• 1981

During the period of 1975∼77, a survey and an investigation were carried out to estimate the frequency of lime-chlorosis in the natural vegetation in Korea and the relationships between plants and calcareous soils. The symptoms of lime-chlorosis were observed in flowering plants in the calcareous areas of Weonju (I, II), Yeongweol(I, II), Jecheon, Danyang and Samcheok. Although the species found to be lime-chlorotic on at least one occasion numbered 60, the total quantity of lime-chlorotic foliage observed was small. Severe lime-chlorosis of Capsicuym annuum in agricultural fields was found out at Danyang. However, some of the species which were of widespread occurrence in affected areas showed no lime-chlorosis. The comparison of the inorganic components in calcareous soils in lime-chlorotic and normal leaves showed that the essential mineral nutrients substantially less soluble in water in alkaline than in acid conditions and calcifuges planted on calcareous soils often show visual signs resembling those of P or Fe deficiency.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.337-364
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• 2005

The vascular flora of Mt. Deokhang (a.s.l. 1072.5m, $37^{\circ}17^{\prime}{\sim}37^{\circ}20^{\prime}N$, $128^{\circ}09^{\prime}{\sim}129^{\circ}03^{\prime}E$), one of the limestone areas in Korea and is located between Samcheok-si and Taebaek-si, Gangwon-do, is surveyed from 10 Oct. 2003 to 4 Oct. 2005. The characteristics of the flora from the phytogeographical point of view is also discussed. The number of the vascular plant taxa identified in this study is 590 in total which belongs to 90 families, 337 genera, 537 species, 4 subspecies, 46 varieties and 3 forms. Of them, 30 taxa are endemic to Korea, 4 taxa are legally protected ones, and 17 taxa are generally regarded as rare and endangered species in Korea. Naturalized plants are 19 taxa. The phytogeographical importance and the conservation strategy of the flora of Mt. Deokhang focusing on either rare, endemic or phytogeographically important species are discussed.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The limestone area covers the narrow range of the Korean Peninsula, and it consists of a peculiar ecosystem and topography. Therefore, this study on limestone area was carried out classification of vegetation type, physicochemical properties of forest soils and correlation between environment factors and vegetation types in order to furnish fundamental data for the forest management of limestone area. Forest vegetation was classified into two community groups such as Quercus variabilis community group and Quercus mongolica community group, and it was classified into eight vegetation units. Soil texture of survey sites showed largely silt loam and soil pH indicated the value of mean 7.55 in the A layer of soil profile. Content of exchangeable cation such as calcium ion ($Ca^{2+}$) and magnesium ion ($Mg^{2+}$) showed $26.04cmol_{c}/kg$ and $2.93cmol_{c}/kg$, respectively, which was about ten times higher than average of other regions of Korea. According to corelation between environmental factors and vegetation units, Q. variabilis community group was positively correlated to soil pH, slope degree and the rate of bare rock, and content of calcium ion ($Ca^{2+}$), and then Q. mongolica community group was positively correlated to altitude, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.64-80
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• 2007

This paper presents a case study on the excavation of a long tunnel(16.2km) named as "Sol-An tunnel", which connects between Mt. Dongbaek station and Dokye station in the Young-dong Railroad. This site is located in a complex geological region with faults, cavities and coal measures as sedimentary rocks area. It occurred geotechnical problems unexpectedly by running water when tunnelling in limestone area within those geological structures. This tunnel caused surface settlements through the decrease of ground water level and soil washed-out affecting by cavities and faults within limestone formation. This paper presents a analysis of source through a close investigation and measures. And also, does preventive measures about returns of settlements reflected by properties of limestones.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

In this study, the vascular plants of the Mt. Deokhangsan protected area were surveyed for the purpose of forest genetic resources conservation in Gangwon-do, South Korea. The flora on Mt. Deokhangsan were classified as follows 537 taxa, 90 families, 302 genera, 479 species, 4 subspecies, 51 varieties, and 3 forms. Among the taxa, 19 were Korean endemic plants and 17 were rare and endangered plants. Plants as indicators of limestone areas were found in 33 taxa. Naturalized plants were found in 27 taxa and species threatened by climate change were found in 33 taxa, including 11 endemic plant taxa and 22 northern plant taxa. Plants endemic to Korea and northern plants were mainly found at the study site, whereas southern plants were not found. Thus, Mt. Deokhangsan apparently has an environment suitable for the growth of northern plants.

• 도로교통
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• s.96
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• pp.20-31
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• 2004