• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.104-107
• /
• 2009

Mitrula paludosa (Geoglossaccae, Helotiales, Ascomycetes) is reported about morphological and ecological characteristics for the first time in Korea. The mushroom fruited on rotten pine leaves or fine twigs in ditches with flowing or standing water in Sogri Mountain National Park from May to June. The apothecium of M. paludosa is 20 to 50 mm tall. The cap is bright yellow to orange, cylindrical to wrinkled ovoid and $5{\sim}10\;{\times}\;10{\sim}20$ mm. The stem is whitish and cylindrical distinctly set off from the cap. The ascospore is hyaline, smooth long elliptical fusoid with round ends and $13{\sim}17\;{\times}\;1.5{\sim}2.0{\mu}m$. The ascus is unitunicate, $90{\sim}110\;{\times}\;5{\sim}6{\mu}m$, and has eight spores biseriately lined to the inoperculate apex. Paraphyses are septate filiform, $95{\sim}120\;{\times}\;1.0{\sim}1.5{\mu}m$, $7{\sim}10{\mu}m$ longer than the asci.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.34-45
• /
• 2013

The Polygonum amphibium complex (Poygonaceae) is a highly polymorphic taxon that can grow in aquatic environments as well as in moist terrestrial habitats. Aquatic and terrestrial plants of the P. amphibium complex vary significantly in morphology and exhibit very complicated patterns of morphological variation, resulting in the description of numerous infra-specific taxa. Principal components analysis of 107 individuals of the P. amphibium complex from Asia and North America using 11 morphological characters showed that the aquatic plants can be discerned from the terrestrial plants by leaf size, shape, and petiole length. In contrast, both aquatic and terrestrial plants collected from the same population or locality shared identical sequences in the matK, psbA-trnH IGS, rbcL-accD IGS and trnL-trnF regions of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), suggesting that aquatic and terrestrial forms of the P. amphibium complex are not genetically diverged; morphological differences between the two forms are probably due to the differences in environmental conditions of the habitats. In addition, results from the morphological analysis and the maximum parsimony analysis of the cpDNA data set revealed that the plants from Asia including Korea, Japan, China, Mongolia and Russia Far East are diverged from those in North America and Europe, suggesting that the Asian populations should be recognized as a distinct variety, P. amphibium var. amurense Korsh.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.472-478
• /
• 2017

The feeding habits of Coreoperca herzi were investigated from specimens collected in the Geum River, from March to December 2016. The specimens were separated into groups of 38~70 mm, 71~109 mm, and over 110 mm in total length. The live foods of C. herzi included Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, and fishes. The Korean aucha perches fed mostly on aquatic insects which took up 98.8% of food regarding the number, 55.8% regarding the biomass, and 97.1% in terms of iregarding the index of relative importance. They were carnivorous in diet and predators (stalker) in food intake characteristics and forms when applying Keenleyside's classification. The main food sources of C. herzi were Ephemeroptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera while Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, and fishes were rare. A food migration was observed since less Ephemeroptera was found and more Trichoptera and fishes were found in the biomass of the feed consumed by larger species. The amount of Coleoptera and Diptera did not change much with the size of the species. The overall composition of live food was not seasonal. The result of the study indicates that, when restoring the streams to be the habitat for the natural population increase of Coreoperca herzi, the environment should be inhabitable to Ephemeroptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera which are the main foods.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 2017

Morphological and population characteristics of the Cottus koreanus were investigated at Hoam stream from October 2015 and April 2016. This is the first record on C. koreanus not only from Hoam stream (the upstream region of Daejong stream, Gyeongsangbuk-do Gyeongju-si Yangbuk-myeon Hoam-ri) but also from the stream flowing into the Samcheogosip stream, in the southern part of East Sea, Korea. The distribution of C. koreanus ranged from Girim temple to Yongyeon waterfall, about 1.2 km, and the water surface were about $3,600m^2$. The population size was assumed to 1,656 individual number, 46 object per $100m^2$. The morphometric characteristics of C. koreanus in the Hoam stream and the Han river are very similar except that the population at Hoam stream shorter head length, ventral fin ray length, pectoral fin ray length and mouth width when compared with the population at Han river. Other than that, the two populations showed the same meristic characters. Frequency analysis of total length indicated that the group with 40~59 mm in total length was one year old, the 60~79 mm was two years old, and the group over 80 mm was three years old. The average number of eggs in the ovaries was estimated as 361 (239~468) per matured female. The number of matured eggs size in ovaries was $2.6{\pm}0.21$ (23.~3.1) mm and this species was large eggs type. Calculation of the length-weight relation of C. koreanus showed the value of constant a as 0.00001 and b as 3.01, and the Condition factor (K) was 1.26 an on average.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2005

The flat-headed goby, Luciogobius guttatus, inhabits tidepools and river mouths, and stays under stones on the dried bottom for the duration of the low tide. To know the relationship of its respiration and habit in this fish, the epidermis of five appendages was observed. The epidermis has three layers: the outermost layer, middle layer and stratum germinativum. The outermost layer is composed of polygonal cells or rather flattened cells, and mucous cells. The unicellular mucous cells showing acid mucopolysaccharides are 11.1 to $16.1{\mu}m$ in mean height and in one or two rows. The middle layer consists mainly of large epidermal cells that are swollen by adjacent epidermal cells and arranged in a web-shaped structure. The swollen cells are 12.3 to $15.2{\mu}m$ in mean height and arranged in one to 11 layers. Since the swollen cells occupy the entire height of the epidermis, the epidermis is thick. A large number of blood capillaries are present just below the stratum germinativum. Taste buds are distributed at intervals on the surface of the epidermis. Based on these epidermal strucures, it is likely that L. guttatus utilizes cutaneous respiration in a dual respiratory systems.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.223-229
• /
• 2001

Feeding habits of juvenile Sillago maculata, collected from the tropical seagrass beds in Cockle Bay, Queensland, were studied. S. maculata (0.5~9.5 cm SL) was a carnivore which consumed mainly gammarid amphipods, crabs and copepods. Its diets included small quantities of polychaetes, shrimps, fishes, isopods and cumacean. S. maculata showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. Small individuals preyed mainly on copepods, crab larvae and gammarid amphipods. While the portion of the stomach contents attributable to polychaetes, crabs and fishes increased with increasing fish size, consumption of copepods and crab larvae decreased progressively. Gammarid amphipods were the most selected prey item for all size classes.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2002

This experiment was carried out to obtain some information about overwintering, physiological and ecological characteristics of apple snails. Another purpose of this experiment was to characterize an appetite for rice plants by apple snails and to elucidate their choice of fresh green ones (vegetables, some other crops, weeds in rice fields). The freshwater snails were found with higher population at sites abundant organic compounds such as plant debris and at regions with high temperature. They also prefer calcium-rich water. This is a naturally occurring process. Apple snails were exceptionally veil-adapted to the south regions of Korea, especially Janghang, Jangseong and Haenam, even if the temperature of winter season is cold below 0$^{\circ}C$. Apple snails were not very selective in their food choice and eat almost everything available in their environment. A snail have something called a radula in its mouth for grinding up its food. A apple snail also chews on fruits and young succulent plant barks. In case of reproduction. apple snails deposit about 157$\sim$784 (average of 321 eggs) milky white to pale orange colored eggs above the waterline. In approximately every 22.4 seconds a new egg appears. The total time needed to deposit a egg mass varies from 58 minutes$\sim$4 hours 13 minutes. Apple snails reproduct actively from May to June and from September to October. An appetite of apple snails for rice plants was the different depending on their size and glowing stage for rice plants. Apple snails had a great appetite of rice plants as well as dropwort, tomato, cabbage, radish, aquatic plants etc. They preferred to eat young rice plants and drastically quit eating rice plants of over 40 cm in height. Thus considering the food preference of apple snail for various plants including rice, they were thought to be a potentially strong predator in fields, especially, at regions with warmer winter.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.64-67
• /
• 2012

Drosera spathulata Labill., belonging to the family Droseraceae, was recently recorded for the first time in a forest wetland in Busan-si, Gijang-gun, Cheolma-myeon. This plant is distributed from eastern Australia throughout South East Asian, Japan, China, Taiwan, and now, Korea. This species, related by taxa to D. rotundifolia, is distinguished by possessing a smaller leaf size (10-20 mm long, 2.5-4.5 mm wide), racemes that are glandular-hairy, and pinkish petals. The newly given Korean name, 'Jom-kkeun-kkeun-yi-ju-geok' reflects the small size as compared to related taxa. A description of the key characteristics, an illustration, and photographs of the habitats of this plant are provided in this report.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.04a
• /
• pp.30-30
• /
• 2018

한반도 고유 식물자원인 특산식물 물들메나무의 지리학적 분포 범위에 대한 고찰을 시도 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 IUCN 적색목록 평가 자료 확보를 위해 IUCN Red List Criteria B의 분포범위(Extent of occurrence)와 점유면적(Area of occupancy)을 측정하였다. 물들메나무 분포도 작성을 위해 분포가 언급된 관련 문헌자료, 국립수목원 표본관(KH) 소장 표본정보, 국가생물종지식정보시스템(Nature) 종발생정보 DB, 그리고 현장조사 자료를 활용하였다. 이를 통해 한반도 특산식물 물들메나무는 지리산을 중심으로 전라남 북도, 경상남 북도 및 충청북도에 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 북방한계지역은 경상북도 보현산으로 추정된다. 수집된 분포정보를 바탕으로 IUCN Red List Criteria B의 분포범위(Extent of occurrence)과 점유면적(Area of occupancy)을 계산한 결과 각각 $25,183km^2$, $96km^2$로 나타났다. 하지만 정확한 보전지위 평가를 위해서는 점유면적, 분포범위, 서식지 면적, 개체군 크기에 대한 지속적인 하락과 극단적인 변동을 측정할 수 있는 모니터링과 객관적인 자료가 요구된다.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.249-259
• /
• 2016

Monthly variation in species composition was determined using fish samples collected by a beach seine between October 2013 and September 2014 in the eelgrass bed in Aenggang Bay, Namhae, Gyeongsangnamdo. A total of 3,174 individuals of 35 species, amounting to 3,137 g were collected. The dominant species was Gymnogobius heptacanthus, followed by Pholis nebulosa, Rudarius ercodes, Favonigobius gymnauchen and Hypodytes rubripinnis. Almost all fish collected were small in size or juveniles. Seasonal variation of species composition showed that the dominant species, used the shallow area of the eelgrass bed as a nursery ground and moved to a deeper water as they grew. Saurida elongata, Inimicus japonicus, Sphyraena pinguis, and Arothron hispidus, were first reported in an eelgrass bed in the southern coastal water.