• Title/Summary/Keyword: 서브그룹

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Different Responses to Acupuncture in Electroencephalogram according to Stress Level: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial (스트레스 정도에 따라 침 치료가 뇌파(EEG)에 미치는 영향: 무작위배정 플라시보 대조군 교차연구)

  • Kim, Song-Yi;Kim, Sang-Woo;Park, Hi-Joon
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.136-145
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was to examine how acupuncture treatment at Shinmun(HT7) affects the brain activity and the autonomic nervous system(ANS), using electroencephalograms(EEG) and heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : Eighteen healthy volunteers participated in two separate experiments: in each experiment, either real acupuncture(RA) or non-penetrating sham acupuncture(SA) was applied at HT7 in random sequences to each person. The EEG and HRV measurements were conducted simultaneously before and during the acupuncture stimulation for 5 minutes, respectively. Resulting EEG and HRV parameters were compared between RA and SA groups. To assess differences according to the stress levels for participants, subgroup analysis was performed based on the results of the stress response index questionnaire. Results : In the results, acupuncture stimulation at HT7 increased ${\alpha}$ band in EEG. In the HRV analysis, heart rate was decreased significantly but HF and RMS-SD were increased in the RA group, compared with those of the SA group. In the subgroup analysis by stress level, participants in the RA group with high stress exhibited an increased in ${\alpha}$ band in their EEG while the low stress participants showed decrease or little increase in the band. For the SA group, ${\alpha}$ band reported relatively moderate changes in all channels. Conclusions : Our results showed that acupuncture induces changes in brain activation and the ANS. Acupuncture was related to the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. The brain activities of the participants were different depending on the stress level.

Effective group key management protocol for secure multicast communication (안전한 멀티캐스트 통신을 위한 효율적인 그룹키 관리 프로토콜)

  • 이현종;김진철;오영환
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.28 no.7C
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    • pp.733-742
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    • 2003
  • Unlikely unicast transmission, there are many elements that threaten security. Thus, key management of creating and distributing group keys to authorized group members is a critical aspect of secure multicast operations. To offer security in multicast environment, the recent researches are related to most group key distribution. In this thesis, we propose a group key management protocol for efficient, scalable, and multicast operation. This proposed protocol architecture can distribute traffic centralized to the key server. since the group key rekeyed by sub-group manager. The detailed simulation compared with other group key management protocol show that the proposed group key management protocol is better for join, leave, and data latency.

국제 개인정보보호 표준화 동향 분석(2022년 4월 SC27 WG5 전자 회의 결과를 중심으로)

  • Youm, Heung Youl
    • Review of KIISC
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2022
  • 2020년 8월 5일 통합 개인정보보호법 [3]이 본격적으로 시행되면서 데이터의 보호와 활용을 동시에 만족할 수 있는 가명처리 개념이 도입되었다. 여러 개인정보처리자로 수집된 가명정보를 결합하기 위한 결합 관리기관이 지정되고 있다. 개인정보보호 국제표준은 관행이나 기술을 국제표준으로 개발하여 상호 연동이 가능한 서비스를 제공할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 제품이나 서비스의 경쟁력을 강화하는데 활용할 수 있다. 개인정보보호 국제표준화를 주도적으로 추진하고 있는 대표적인 국제표준화 그룹은 국제표준화위원회/전기위원회 합동위원회 1/서브위원회 27/작업그룹 5 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27/WG 5)를 들 수 있다. 이 그룹의 의장님 독일 쾨테대학 Kai Rannenberg 교수가 맡고 있다. 여기서는 2020년 4월 전자회의 이후에는 개인정보보호 분야 3건의 국제표준을 채택하였다. 차기 회의는 2022년 9월 룩셈부르그에서 펜데믹 이후 최초로 대면과 비대면으로 개최될 예정이다. 본 고에서는 이 그룹에서 2020년 4월 이후 추진되고 있는 개인정보보호 관련 국제표준화 동향을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 지난 4월 SC27 WG5 전자 회의에서 논의된 개인정보보호 관련 주요 표준화 이슈와 대응 방안을 제시한다.

Multicast Group Partitioning Algorithm using Status or Receivers in Content Delivery WDM Network (콘텐츠 전달 WDM망에서 수신기의 상태를 고려한 멀티캐스트 그룹화 알고리즘)

  • Kyohong Jin;Jindeog Kim
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.6 no.7
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    • pp.1256-1265
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    • 2003
  • Content Delivery Network(CDN) is a mechanism to deliver multimedia content to end users on behalf of web content providers. Provider's content is distributed from content server to a set of delivery platforms located at Internet Service Providers(ISPs) through the CDN in order to realize better performance and availability than the system of centralized provider's servers. Existing work on CDN has primarily focused on techniques for efficiently multicasting the content from content server to the delivery platforms or to end users. Multimedia contents usually require broader bandwidth and accordingly WDM broadcast network has been highly recommended for the infrastructure network of CDN. In this paper, we propose methods for partitioning a multicast group into smaller subgroups using the previous status of receivers. Through the computer simulation, we show that proposed algorithm are useful to reduce the average receiver's waiting time and the number of transmissions.

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A hierarchical overlay structure for video transmission in P2P cloud storage systems (P2P 클라우드 스토리지에서 비디오 전송을 위한 계층적 오버레이 구조)

  • Lee, Kyung-Jin;Kim, Eunsam
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 2017
  • To address the problems caused by such high installation and maintenance cost in the conventional server-based cloud systems, researches on P2P cloud storages have been conducted recently. In this paper, we propose a hierachical overlay structure that can improve the playback quality in P2P cloud storage systems for video transmission. In this structure, after we make groups by clustering the participating peers based on their similarities, we construct subgroups by geographically dividing the peers belonging to a specific group considering the physical proximities among them. Therefore, when a request for video playback is issued, we can minimize the transmission delay by selecting the source peers depending on their locality. By simulations, we show that our proposed hierarchical overlay structure considering the peers' locality outperforms the structure where source peers are selected randomly.

화상 영상 등을 포함한 멀티미디어 정보

  • Kim, Haeng-Won
    • Digital Contents
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    • no.11 s.54
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 1997
  • Nikkei Telecom 21은 일본경제신문사의 종합정보시스템인 NEEDS의 서브시스템으로 인터넷으로 NIKKEI 그룹의 정보를 제공하는 온라인 데이터베이스 시스템으로 일본에서는 지난해 말부터 국내에서는 금년 8월부터 서비스되기 시작했다. 최신 뉴스를 리얼타임으로 제공하는 정보시스템인 닛케이 텔레콤 21은 텍스트정보 뿐만 아니라 화상, 영상 등을 포함한 본격적인 멀티미디어정보시스템이다.

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Multicast Secure Architecture based on PIM-SM (소규모 멀티캐스트를 기반으로 한 멀티캐스트 보안구조)

  • 김성선;이상순;정영목
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.116-122
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    • 2001
  • A conventional multicast secure protocol. MVMRP, CBT is designed for a large scaled r protocol so the PIM-SM (protect Independent Multicst-Sparse Mode) routing protocol which small number of clients, long distance path among the hosts and shortest path routing chara weak point of require it's own Core tree and re-keying when the traffic is pass through the ro In this study, proposes a architect for a licit information secure of join/leave to all the user or on-service user. With proposed architect, subgroups for multicast secure group mana will be divided by RP (Rendezvous-Point) unit and each RP has a subgroup manager. As a result, the transmitting time is shortened because there is no need to data translation by group key on data sending and the whole architecture size is samller than the other multicast secure architecture.

Design of GE subgroup based User Authentication Protocol For efficient Electric Commerce (효율적 전자상거래를 위한 유한체 서브그룹 기반의 사용자 인증 프로토콜 설계)

  • 정경숙;홍석미;정태충
    • The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.209-220
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    • 2004
  • If protocol has fast operations and short key length, it can be efficient user authentication protocol. Lenstra and Verheul proposed XTR. XTR have short key length and fast computing speed. Therefore, this can be used usefully in complex arithmetic. In this paper, to design efficient user authentication protocol we used a subgroup of Galois Field to problem domain. Proposed protocol does not use GF(p/sup 6/) that is existent finite field, and uses GF(p²) that is subgroup and solves problem. XTR-ElGamal based user authentication protocol reduced bit number that is required when exchange key by doing with upside. Also, proposed protocol provided easy calculation and execution by reducing required overhead when calculate. In this paper, we designed authentication protocol with y/sub i/ = g/sup b.p/sup 2(i-1)//ㆍv mol q, 1(equation omitted) 3 that is required to do user authentication.

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A Study for Software Sizing Method (소프트웨어 규모 측정 방법 연구)

  • 박석규;박중양
    • Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.471-480
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    • 2004
  • A estimating capability of software effort, duration and cost is based on accurate size estimate of the software to be developed. A simplified function point (FP) approach to software size estimation is described, which first skip the computation step for value adjustment factor, thus directly obtaining final adjusted FP from unadjusted FP. The research seeks suitable models based on statistical regression models in the context of case study based on 783 software projects. The approach also are built for subsets of projects using new development, enhancement and re-development types.

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Fixed-point Implementation of LPD Decoder in MPEG-D USAC (MPEG-D USAC : LPD 복호화기의 고정 소수점 알고리즘 구현)

  • Song, Eunwoo;Song, Jeongook;Kang, Hong-Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2012.07a
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    • pp.254-256
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문에서는 MPEG-D 오디오 서브그룹에서 진행 중인 Unified Speech and Audio Coding (USAC) 표준의 Linear Prediction Domain (LPD) 복호화기 모듈을 고정소수점 알고리즘으로 제안한다. USAC 부호화기는 두 개의 최신 음성-오디오 부호화기가 융합된 형태로, 음성 및 오디오 신호에 대하여 우수한 성능을 갖는 부호화기이다. USAC의 표준 완료와 본격적인 서비스화에 앞서서 USAC LPD 복호화기의 구조적인 특성을 분석하고, Digital Signal Processor (DSP)구현을 위한 LPD 복호화기의 고정소수점 알고리즘을 구축하는 동시에 모듈의 복잡도를 측정하고자 한다. 또한 고정소수점 알고리즘으로 구현된 LPD 복호화기와 기존의 부동소수점 복호화기의 성능을 비교하고, LPD 복호화기의 두 가지 부호화 모드에 따른 복잡도 이슈를 다루도록 한다.

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