• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.593-603
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the ecological succession sere and conservative value, and to provide the basic data for the planning of the Provincial Park Management in Seonamsagol(Valley), Jogyesan(Mt.) Provincial Park(altitude 884m), Suncheon City, Korea by analysing the structure of the plant community. Twenty plots(size is $20m{\times}20m$) were set up at an altitude of range from 315m to 480m. As a result of analysis of TWINSPAN which is one of the ordination technique, the plant communities were divided into four groups which are community I(Quercus variabilis community), community II(Q. serrata community), community III(Decideous broad-leaved plant community), and community IV(Carpinus tschonoskii community). The warmth index is $104^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ based on the data of monthly mean temperature during the past thirty years(1981~2010), so we found out that the vegetation of the study site located in the South Temperate Climate Zone. We supposed that the ecological succession sere of the study site is in the early stage of developing from Q. serrata community to Carpinus tshonoskii community, however we should do a long-term monitoring to investigate the changes of the ecological succession each plant community, meanwhile Sasa borealis was dominant species in the shrub layer. The diameter at breast height of specimen tree is range from 20 to 55cm(average 36cm) and the height of that is range from 14 to 35m(average 23cm). The age of community I was 64 years old, that of community II was from 59 to 64 years old, that of community III was from 51 to 62 years old, and that of community IV was from 41 to 68 years old, thus the age of the study site is about from 38 to 72 years old. According to the index of Shnnon's diversity(unit: $400m^2$), community IV was ranged from 0.8452 to 1.2312, community III was ranged from 0.8044 to 1.1404, community II was ranged from 0.8221 to 0.9971, and community I was 0.8324.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.81-92
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• 2019

This study was conducted to establish vegetation structure characteristics and vegetation management plan of the cultural landscape forests located around Unmun Temple in Cheongdo-gun and to provide the basic data needed to manage the cultural landscape forests. The landscape characteristics are analyzed in two perspectives including the landscape as viewed from inside and outside of Unmun Temple and eight landscape views are selected. Main views are Pinus densiflora forest and Abies holophylla forest around Unmun Temple. As a result of the survey of existing vegetation around Cheongdo-gun Unmun Temple, P. densiflora forests and P. densiflora-A. holophylla forests are widely distributed, occupying 79.2% of the forest. The plant community structure was classified into seven types according to the three topographic characteristics, flat forests, slope forests, and lower forests, Which were divided into a total of 30 survey plots and the average relative importance percentage was determined. The P. densiflora community on the flat are dominated by Carpinus tschonoskii in Under-canopy. The P. densiflora-A. holophylla community on the flat had a relatively high rate of domination in the shrubs. There were no competing species for the A. holophylla community on the plat. The large standard P. densiflora and the small standard P. densiflora were expected to be confined by P. serrulata var. pubescens and the Quercus variabilis on the slopes. The managed P. densiflora community had a relatively high rate of P. densiflora domination in the shrubs. The P. densiflora community on the lowland was dominated by Styrax japonicus and P. serrulata var. pubescens. The Shannon species diversity index was 0.2360 to 1.4088. The results of the correlation analysis with P. densiflora, A. holophylla and other species were P. densiflora had negative correlation with Acer mono, Corylus heterophylla var. heterophylla, Zelkova serrata and A. holophylla, and A. holophylla have negative correlation with S. japonicus and P. densiflora. Landscape characteristics and plant community structures are analyzed to propose management methods of maintaining and restoring The P. densiflora and A. holophylla cultural forest landscapes around Unmun Temple.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.535-563
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• 1993

New techniques for regenerating the destructed periodontal tissue have been studied for many years. Current acceptable methods of promoting periodontal regeneration alre basis of removal of diseased soft tissue, root treatment, guided tissue regeneration, graft materials, biological mediators. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of polypeptide growth factor. PDGF have been reported as a biological mediator which regulate activities of wound healing progress including cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. The purposes of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using the PDGF as a regeneration promoting agent for furcation involvement defect. Eight adult mongrel dogs were used in this experiment. The dogs were anesthetized with Pentobarbital Sodium (25-30 mg/kg of body weight, Tokyo chemical Co., Japan) and conventional periodontal prophylaxis were performed with ultrasonic scaler. With intrasulcular and crestal incision, mucoperiosteal flap was elevated. Following decortication with 1/2 high speed round bur, degree III furcation defect was made on mandibular second(P2) and fourth(P4) premolar. For the basic treatment of root surface, fully saturated citric acid was applied on the exposed root surface for 3 minutes. On the right P4 20ug of human recombinant PDGF-BB dissolved in acetic acid was applied with polypropylene autopipette. On the left P2 and right P2 PDGF-BB was applied after insertion of ${\beta}-Tricalcium$ phosphate(TCP) and collagen (Collatape) respectively. Left mandibular P4 was used as control. Systemic antibiotics (Penicillin-G benzathine and penicillin-G procaine, 1 ml per 10-25 1bs body weight) were administrated intramuscular for 2 weeks after surgery. Irrigation with 0.1% Chlorhexidine Gluconate around operated sites was performed during the whole experimental period except one day immediate after surgery. Soft diets were fed through the whole experiment period. After 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by perfusion technique. Tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with H-E staining. At 2 weeks after surgery, therer were rapid osteogenesis phenomenon on the defected area of the PDGF only treated group and early trabeculation pattern was made with new osteoid tissue produced by activated osteoblast. Bone formation was almost completed to the fornix of furcation by 8 weeks after surgery. New cementum fromation was observed from 2 weeks after surgery, and the thickness was increased until 8 weeks with typical Sharpey’s fibers reembedded into new bone and cementum. In both PDGF-BB with TCP group and PDGF-BB with Collagen group, regeneration process including new bone and new cementum formation and the group especially in the early weeks. It might be thought that the migration of actively proliferating cells was prohibited by the graft materials. In conclusion, platelet-derived growth factor can promote rapid osteogenesis during early stage of periodontal tissue regeneration.