• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2012

The purpose of this review study is to examine current status of dietary supplement use to enhance athletic performance capacity in elite athletes based upon anti-doping education, sports type, athletic performance capacity, gender, and age. Several previous review studies have focused on the biochemistry characteristics and intake incidence of dietary supplements and those studies have not showed enough evidence of the reason why elite athletes usually take dietary supplements. Anti-doping education may increase the incidence of dietary supplement use in elite athletes because of increasing expertise of dietary supplements. It would be expected that increased incidence of long-term dietary supplement use may induce positive effects on the body having potential effects on athletic performance capacity, although a trace of nutrients may not directly effect on the outcome of the game. Moreover, it seems that the difference of dietary supplement use based upon gender and age may come from sports type and the difference of dietary supplement intake reason may come from health and body condition maintenance rather than athletic performance capacity when considering dietary supplement use items based upon intake reasons. Most elite athletes consume at least over 2 dietary supplement items in a long period of time rather than 1 dietary supplement item in a short period of time; however, the scientific evidence of dietary supplement use seems to be insufficient. Therefore, further experimental approach studies concerning dietary supplement effects would be needed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary quercetin on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and blood antioxidant activity in broiler chickens. Three hundred twenty one-day old Ross broilers were divided 8 treatments (C(-), basal diet; C(+), basal diet with antibiotics; vitamin E 20 IU; vitamin E 200 IU; quercetin 20 ppm; quercetin 200 ppm; methoxylated quercetin 20 ppm; methoxylated quercetin 200 ppm) with 4 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Birds were reared for 35 days and their feed intake and weight gain were measured weekly. At 35d, eight birds of average weight from each replicate were selected for blood collection and analysis. Weight gain of birds in the groups fed quercetin was higher when compare to NC but there was no significant difference. In the serum, creatinine, BUN and AST in quercetin groups significantly decreased compared to those of control (NC and PC) (P<0.05). The contents of IgA and IgM were significantly lower in quercetin groups than those of NC (P<0.05). SOD like activity and MDA content tended to decrease in quercetin groups, however, there was no significant difference among treatments. In conclusion, supplemental quercetin to poultry diet could be positive aspect on performance and blood metabolites. Optimum adding levels was more than 20 ppm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.852-861
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• 2009

This study was performed to assess the risk factors associated with hypertension from Jan/2003 to Feb/2003. The subjects were 1,296 people (496 males, 800 females) aged 40 years and over living in Andong rural area. The hypertensive group was composed of 602 people (272 males, 330 females), who were diagnosed as hypertension ($SBP{\geq}140\;mmHg$ or $DBP{\geq}90\;mmHg$) for the first time at this health examination. The mean anthropometric values of body weight, body fat (%), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were significantly higher in hypertensive group than those in normal group. However, the biochemical measurements such as total-cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels did not show any difference between two groups except TG in female. The risk factors of interest in the development of hypertension were analyzed using the multiple logistic regression and expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI). The results showed that age, sex, obesity, waist circumference, alcohol drinking and meat intakes were risk factors for hypertension. In contrast, cigarette smoking, exercise and the increased fish, fruit and vegetable (except Kimchi) consumption, blood lipid levels and FBG were not linked with the development of hypertension. Nutrient intakes were not associated with hypertension, either. In conclusion, we cannot assert that this study established the existence of the cause-and-effect relationship between nutrient intakes and risk of hypertension in the subjects, but it does suggest that this is a question worth investigating further using a larger scale of case-control study to determine how the past exposure to some nutrient or dietary component relates to the development of the disease.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and blood antioxidant activity in broiler chicks. Three hundred twenty one-day old broiler chicks were divided 8 treatments (C(-), basal diet; C(+), basal diet with antibiotics; DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 20 IU; DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 IU; resveratrol 20 ppm; resveratrol 200 ppm; methylated resveratrol 20 ppm; methylated resveratrol 200 ppm) with 4 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Birds were reared for 35 days, and, at the age of 35 days, eight birds of average weight from each replicate were selected for blood samples collection. There were no significant differences on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. But final body weight and weight gain in antibiotics, resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatments were significantly higher than no-antibiotics and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on carcass rate and relative organ weights among treatments, however, weights of liver and bursa of februcius in antibiotics, resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatment were lower than other treatments. Weight of pancreas was high in resveratrol and methylated treatment. On the cecal microflora (total microbes, Coliform bacteria, Salmonella spp., and lactic acid bacteria), these in resveratrol and methylated resveratrol treatments didn't show the differences compared with those in no-antibiotics, antibiotics, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments. In the serum, there were no significant differences on creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among treatments, though globulin contents of reseveratrol 200 ppm and methylated resveratrol 20 ppm treatments decreased compared to those of other treatments. Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased in antibiotics and resveratrol treatments compared to that of no-antibiotics and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol treatments (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity tended to increase in resveratrol groups (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference on malondiakdehyde (MDA) content among treatments. In conclusion, these results showed that resveratrol derived from mulberry can be used as alternative of antibiotics through improvement of broiler's performance and maintain of health.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.363-374
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• 2007

A biochemical characterization and antimicrobial drugs susceptibility study was conducted in four breeding kennel which was canine abortion caused by Brucella canis in Gyeongbuk province in 2003-2006. Total of 267 dogs domesticated in the four kennel were examination. Among them, 143 (53.6%) dogs were sero-positive and 25 of blood samples were isolated to Brucella canis. At amplification of 35KDa-BCSP gene using PCR, 711 bp DNA fragment was same visible in 25 isolates and B canis RM6/66. Biochemical characterization of B canis isolated was non-hemolytic, no production of $H_2S$, no fermentation of carbohydrates, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, indol-negative, hydrolyzation of urea, reduction of nitrate and development of thionin dye medium. Using disk-diffusion method, all of 25 strains tested were found to be highly susceptible to tetracycline, aminoglycoside, quinolone, macrolide antibiotics, rifampin and ampicillin in vitro. Using PFGE with restriction enzyme Smi I, 25 isolates tested were typed to 2 pattern, S1 and S2.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2009

The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$ of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed $1^{st}$ week, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2016

This study was performed to increase the production of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis CFM11) and manufacture an optimum medium using the sap from Darae (Actinidia arguta). The concentration of GABA in the fermented sap was determined using GABase enzymatic assay. The isolated L. brevis CFM11 produced $605.67{\mu}g/mL$ GABA after incubation for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ in broth. The sap was fermented by L. brevis CFM11 under optimum conditions of $32^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours with 40% rice bran extract, 1.0% sucrose, 3.0% soytone, 0.2% magnesium sulfate, and 0.2% MSG. The fermented sap produced a concentration of $1366.13{\mu}g/mL$ GABA. These results demonstrate that fermenting Darae sap using L. brevis CFM11 can produce a fermented sap beverage with increased GABA content.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.437-446
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• 2012

A metagenomic library of cow rumen in the pCC1FOS phage vector was screened in $E.$ $coli$ EPI300 for cellulase activity on carboxymethyl cellulose agar plates. One clone was partially digested with $Sau$3AI, ligated into the $Bam$HI site of the pBluescript II SK+ vector, and transformed into $E.$ $coli$ $DH5{\alpha}$. We obtained a 1.5 kb insert DNA, designated $cel$5C, which hydrolyzes carboxymethyl cellulose. The cel5C gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,125 bp encoding 374 amino acids. It belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 5 with the conserved domain LIMEGFNEIN. The molecular mass of the Cel5C protein induced from $E.$ $coli$ $DH5{\alpha}$, as analyzed by CMC SDS-PAGE, appeared to be approximately 42 kDa. The enzyme showed optimum cellulase activity at pH 4.0, and $50^{\circ}C$. We examined whether the $cel$5C gene comes from the 49 identified cow rumen bacteria using PCR. No PCR bands were identified, suggesting that the $cel$5C gene came from the unidentified cow rumen bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical properties of isolated bacteria, low temperature tolerant methane-producing clostridia which were selected for using them as inoculum to anaerobic fermentation of agricultural and livestock wastes at low temperature. The results were; 1. Low temperature tolerant methane-producing clostridia were isolated from the samples which showed the high methanogenesis rate by enrichment culture at low temperature in cellulose medium. These clostridia, Clostridium botulinum SRC-64, Clostridium scatologens SRC-91 and Clostridium tyrobutyricum SRC-100, were isolated from swampy sediment at latitude $56.9^{\circ}N$, lake sediment IV at latitude $55.0^{\circ}N$, and tidal land soil II at latitude $37.0^{\circ}N$, respectively. The optimum growth temperature for these isolates was $37^{\circ}C$ and the minimum, around $10^{\circ}C$. They all had detectable amount of $F_{420}$, specific coenzyme of methanogens. 2. As anaerobic fermentation products of glucose SRC-64 produced $H_2$, acetic, isovaleric and caproic acid, SRC-91 produced $H_2$, propionic, butyric, valeric, and caproic acid, and SRC-100 produced only acetic and propionic acid. The isolates were produced $CH_4$ ranged from 2.6 to 8.68 n moles/ml for 2 days at $13^{\circ}C$.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

A Corynebacterium diphtheriae iron-repressible gene dirA, that was homologous to TSA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and AhpC subunit of Salmonella typhimurium alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, was amplified with PCR and expressed in E. coli. The DirA purified from the transformed E. coli crude extracts prevented the inactivation of enzyme caused by metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) system containing thiols but not by ascorbate/Fe$^{3+}$/$O_2$ MCO system. The DirA concentration, which inhibited the inactivation of glutamine synthetase by 50% (IC$_{50}$) against MCO system, was 0.12 mg/ml. The multimeric forms of DirA were converted to the monomeric form in SDS-PAGE under the thioredoxin system comprised of NADPH, Saccharomyces cerevisiae thioredoxin reductase, and thioredoxin. Also, DirA showed thioredoxin dependent peroxidase activity. All of these results were consistent with the characteristics of a thiol specific antioxidant (TSA) protein having two conserved cysteine residues.