• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to identify various types of activities of payment contract for ecosystem services. As supporting services, 12 types of activities were derived: fallow, eco-friendly crop cultivation, shelter creation management, etc. As regulating services, 5 types of activities were derived: stream environment purification, creation and management of riparian vegetation, creation and management of forests for responding to climate change, etc. As cultural services, five types of activities were derived: creation and management of landscape forests, creation and management of ecological trails, managing ecosystem conservation, etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.38 no.10
• /
• pp.580-587
• /
• 2016

This study aims to estimate the values of freshwater ecosystem services from demand and supply perspectives. From demand side, unit-values of ecosystem services are derived from Environmental Valuation Information System (EVIS) and aggregated to 5 main watersheds in Korea. The derived unit-values are based on the willingness to pay estimates per household from stated preference methods. The nation-wide average total values of water quantity supply, water purification, and natural disaster control are estimated as 501.2, 410.4, and 242.4 billion won/year, respectively. From supply side, we examine the direct and indirect public expenditures (or investment) in 2013 to improve freshwater ecosystem services by the government. The total sum of government expenditures corresponds to 8,882 billion won in 2013, where 12.9, 81.3, 0.3 and 5.3% are spent to improve provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services, respectively, indicating that most efforts are concentrated in enhancing regulating services.

• Water for future
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.6-23
• /
• 2020

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.105 no.3
• /
• pp.377-390
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study is 1) to design an auction-type and area-based payments for ecosystem services (PES) in application to private forest in Korea, 2) to develop the framework of index to implement the PES program proposed, and 3) to examine the feasibility and validity of the index framework by conducting a case study. The index framework measures quantities of ecosystem services currently supplied, improvement of ecosystem services anticipated from the proposed management activities, and real implementing costs of the program. The total scores from the case study vary from 301 to 501 for site 1, Goesan-gun and 273 to 460 for site 2, Pyeongchang-gun, respectively, indicating that total index score - measurement of cost-effectiveness - can be varied by the levels of management and real cost even if the scores from ecosystem service indicator group are the same. The index framework which can locate a cost-effective program has significant policy implication given the budget constraints in biodiversity/ecosystem services policy arena.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2020

다수의 국가에서 농촌이 쇠퇴하는 현상을 확인할 수 있으며, 특히 경작 포기지의 비율이 빠른 속도로 향상되고 있다. 일본에서 경작 포기지의 증가는 농작물의 국내 자급률 감소, 농지의 중요한 기능 중 하나인 자연재해 방지 기능의 상실, 그리고 농촌 지역사회가 계승해 오던 다양한 형태의 무형적 자산의 소실 등을 야기하였다. 농지와 농촌 지역사회 활동의 보존은 지속가능한 개발을 위해 필수적인 요소이다. 생태계 서비스는 농지가 보유한 기능 중 하나이며, 일본의 중산간 지역 직불제는 농지의 보전과 농촌 지역사회 활동을 지원하여 생태계 서비스 보존 및 유지에 일조하기에 생태계 서비스에 대한 지불(PES)이라 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 목표는 중산간지역 직접지불제도의 혜택을 받는 지역과 RCP8.5 시나리오 하에서의 자연재해 피해액 간의 관계를 파악하여 직불제의 효율성을 간접적으로 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상지는 일본 홋카이도의 농지 전체이며, 2005년, 2010년, 2015년의 강우량 예측 패널 데이터와 농업 센서스 패널 데이터를 이용하여 한계효과를 구하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 중산간지역 직불제 해당지역이면서 농촌 지역사회 활동이 활발할수록 자연재해 피해액이 적었다. 따라서 특히 중산간지역 직불제 해당지역일수록 재해피해 감소를 위해 농촌 지역사회 활동이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구의 의의는 중산간지역 직불제의 효율성을 자연재해 피해액을 통해 검증한 데 있으며, 향후 직불제의 효율성에 대한 논의에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.108 no.1
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2019

While the expansion of protected areas in accordance with Korea's National Biodiversity Strategy contributions to the conservation of biological diversity, it incurs economic losses and poses threats to the livelihoods of local residents. Payment for ecosystem services (PES) compensates local residents for their economic damages in a sustainable manner. To assess feasibility of PES, there is a need to estimate the general public's benefits from biodiversity conservation in protected areas. This study attempted to estimate visitors' willingness to pay (WTP) for biodiversity conservation in Mt. Jiri using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The WTP of respondents for the expansion of protected areas to increase biodiversity conservation was estimated at 16,103 KRW per household per year and this equates to a total of 316.8 billion KRW for all the households in Korea. The higher a respondent's age, education level and household income level, the more willing he or she is to pay for biodiversity conservation. Likewise, respondents who are aware of Mt. Jiri's designation as an Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area are more willing to pay for biodiversity conservation. Moreover, the higher the importance placed on biodiversity conservation policy, the higher the willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation. To enhance the feasibility of PES schemes, it is necessary to improve the general public's knowledge and awareness of biodiversity by providing opportunities for education and more information on biodiversity and biodiversity policies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.233-260
• /
• 2018

The West Coast is known as one of the world's three largest intertidal mudflats but the mudflat ecosystems have been constantly destroyed by various reclamation projects and industrial complexes. This study intends to estimate the economic values of major ecosystem services provided by the Seocheon intertidal flats using a choice modeling method. The benefits of the intertidal flats are categorized as four different attributes: number of migratory birds (related to biodiversity and cultural services), production of fish and shellfish (regulating services and habitats), tourism activities (cultural services), and number of fishing households in local communities (cultural services). Study results show that the general public enjoys the economic benefits of 1.777 trillion won (900 million won/hectare) as of 2015 in order to preserve 1,200ha of Seocheon mudflat. Assuming that future generations continue to enjoy these economic benefits of mudflat conservation, the annual value converted is about 64.7 billion won/year, corresponding to 53.9 million won/hectare per year. Individuals are willing to pay are expected to maintain their entire life in the 1,000 households living in the Seocheon tidal-flat fishing village, with an average of 11,000 won per person and an additional 50,000 tourist activities per year. It was estimated to have the amount of payment of 9,000 won. An individual's marginal willingness to pay was estimated to be about 11,000 won per year for supporting a total of 1,000 fishing households, 6,000 won to provide tourism activities of 50,000 visitors, and 9,000 won to provide the habitats of 90,000 migratory birds. For segmentation analysis, residents of Seocheon did not place significant values for the attributes besides migratory bird conservation. However, those of Gunsan showed relatively low margtinal willingness to pay for conservation of migratory birds and fishing villages but showed similar preferences for the maintenance of tourism activities compared to the general public. The results imply that the introduction of economic incentive system is needed to effectively manage and conserve ecosystem services of specific intertidal flats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.681-691
• /
• 2022

Zostera marina (ZM), a type of seagrass registered as a marine protected species in South Korea, provides valuable ecosystem services to humans, such as improving marine water quality, providing food, spawning grounds and habitats for marine life, and absorbing carbon dioxide. Therefore, the government is seeking to preserve ZM by designating ZM-protected areas. This study examined the public willingness to pay (WTP) for the preservation of ZM using contingent valuation. The one-and-one-half-bounded model was adopted for WTP elicitation, and the single-bounded model was also applied for comparison. The spike model was employed to deal with many zero WTP responses. The household average WTP was estimated as KRW 4,087 per year, securing statistical significance. The national value was KRW 84.1 billion per year. The preservation value of ZM estimated in this study can be used as important data for economic analysis of various projects or policy implementation for its preservation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.841-842
• /
• 2009

어플리케이션에 대해 사용한 후 비용을 지불하는 use first, pay later 서비스 개념의 SaaS의 구현 성숙도 모델이 Microsoft 사, Dharmesh Shah, Forrester 사에서 정리되어 발표되었다. 하지만 기존의 SaaS 성숙도 모델은 SaaS 생태계에 존재하는 이해당사자들의 관점 중 서비스 제공자의 관점만 반영되어 SaaS 어플리케이션 사용자, 개발자, 테넌트 관리자의 측면에서 고려된 기술 성숙 방향이 반영되어 있지 않다. 본 논문은 SaaS 기본 이론과 업계 제품에서 조사된 이론에 입각해 SaaS 생태계 전반의 SaaS 이해당사자들 관점에서 SaaS 플랫폼 역량의 발전을 분류할 수 있는 체계를 아키텍처에 기반하여 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2016

To detail a picture of the economic value of Miscanthus landscape conservation in terms of cultural services aspects of Ecosystem Services, Sunghaksan(Mt.), Hwawangsan(Mt.) and Jaeyaksan(Mt.), which are known for their Miscanthus colonies, were chosen as survey sites. After examining the willingness to pay for the value of Miscanthus landscape conservation by targeting of visitors each study area, the economic value of Miscanthus landscape conservation per capita aspects was evaluated using Contingent Valuation Methods(CVM) from the collected willingness to pay for economic value of Miscanthus scenery by site. After using the target Chi-square test to analyze the differences among each site, the correlation between specific variables was investigated. Willingness to pay for the Miscanthus landscape conservation was found to increase as the respondents' income became higher. The more environmental conservation efforts were being made in their daily life, the higher willingness to pay was for Miscanthus landscape conservation. Likewise in other studies, the higher the bid was, the less willingness to pay was. The per capita assessment of the Miscanthus landscape value of the logit models in the dual estimated using the factor extracted with each of the injected variable bounds was estimated for Seunghaksan (\38,277), Hwawangsan(\38,648), and Jaeyaksan(\48,891). The average of the three sites was estimated to be \38,679. Assessment of the economic value of these Miscanthus landscape sites saw high willingness to pay by visitors when compared to the current market price inflation, such as watching movies or amusement park admission, which could mean that visitors recognize the value of ecosystem services from nature in evaluating the Miscanthus landscape.