• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

Radiation protection by post-irradiation injection of the ginseng extract in mice was studied. Male ICR mice, 7 weeks old, were orally injected with ginseng extrat(100mg/kg) for 10 days, and with physiologocal saline as the control. Immediately after final injection, mice were whole body irradiated with 5.08Gy(Cs-137 ${\gamma}$-ray, central dose rate : 654Gy/h) which induced Bone marrow death. At 24h after irradiation, micronucleus test and metaphase analysis in bone-marrow were carried, blood cell were counted and the survival rate were carried for 30 days after the irradiation. Stimulated recovery by the extract was observed in thrombocyte count, but that phenomenom was not showed in the erythrocyte and leucocyte counts. The 30-day survival ratio was 5% and 65% for the control and experimental group. Frequencies of micronuclei per 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes were 79.5${\pm}$1.5 in experimental group, 185.9${\pm}$35.8 in control. And Abnormal chromosomes per 50 metaphases were 112 in experimental group and 143 in control.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2002

Purpose : In order to understand in vivo radiation damage modifying of bFGF on jejunal mucosa, bone marrow and the effect of bFGF on the growth of transplanted mouse sarcoma 180 tumor in mice. Materials and Methods : Mice were treated with $6\;{\mu}g$ of bFGF at 24 hours and 4 hours before exposing to 600 cGy, 800 cGy and 1,000 cGy total body irradiation (TBI), and then exposed to 3,000 cGy local radiation therapy on the tumor bearing thigh. Survival and tumor growth curve were plotted in radiation alone group and combined group of bFGF and irradiation (RT). Histologic examination was performed in another experimental group. Experimental groups consisted of normal control, tumor control, RT (radiation therapy) alone, $6\;{\mu}g$ bFGF alone, combined group of $3\;{\mu}g$ bFGF and irradiation (RT), combined group of $6\;{\mu}g$ bFGF and irradiation (RT). Histologic examination was peformed with H-E staining in marrow, jejunal mucosa, lung and sarcoma 180 bearing tumor. Radiation induced apoptosis was determined in each group with the DNA terminal transferase nick-end labeling method ($ApopTag^{\circledR}$ S7100-kit, Intergen Co.) Results : The results were as follows 1) $6\;{\mu}g$ bFGF given before TBI significantly improved the survival of lethally irradiated mice. bFGF would protect against lethal bone marrow syndrome. 2) $6\;{\mu}g$ bFGF treated group showed a significant higher crypt depth and microvilli length than RT alone group (p<0.05). 3) The bone marrow of bFGF treated group showed less hypocellularity than radiation alone group on day 7 and 14 after TBI (p<0.05), and this protective effect was more evident in $6\;{\mu}g$ bFGF treated group than that of $3\;{\mu}g$ bFGF treated group. 4) bFGF protected against early radiation induced apoptosis in intestinal crypt cell but might have had no antiapoptotic effect in bone marrow stem cell and pulmonary endothelial cells. 5) There was no significant differences in tumor growth rate between tumor control and bFGF alone groups (p>0.05). 6) There were no significant differences in histopathologic findings of lung and mouse sarcoma 180 tumor between radiation alone group and bFGF treated group. Conclusions : Our results suggest that bFGF protects small bowel and bone marrow from acute radiation damage without promoting the inoculated tumor growth in C3H mice. Improved recovery of early responding normal tissue and reduced number of radiation induced apoptosis may be possible mechanism of radioprotective effect of bFGF.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1985

To study the relationships among the frequency of chromosomal aberration induced by radiation, mouse age at the time of exposure and elapsed time after the irradiation, the 40, 150 and 300 day old mice were irradiated by gamma rays to 200 rad of acute whole body doses. The bone marrow chromosomes were observed in 8 experimental groups such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 30, 60 and 90 days after irradiation. In the 40 day old mice the frequencies of cell with chromosomal aberration were 53.0%, 21.5%, 8.4%, 8.4%, 12.0%, 8.0%, 7.0% and 5.0% in 8 experimental groups, in the 150 day old mice 32.5%, 12.1%, 10.5%, 12.8%, 0.03%, 9.7%, 7.0% and 4.2%. The 300 day old mice showed that the frequencies of cells with chromosomal aberration were 27.7%, 13.6%, 9.0%, 9.3%, 13.3%, 14.4%, 7.5% and 9.5% in each experimental group. There were tendencies that the frequencies of cell with chromosomal aberration were higher in the young mice than the old ones within 2 days after the irradiation but in the old mice than the young ones after 4 days.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.304-320
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• 2007

Objective : To evaluate the effect of Astragalus Membranaceus Extrac (AME) on myelosuppression, activity and immune modulation in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treated mice. Method : We carried out complete blood count, histological analysis of bone marrow, and cell colony forming assay for hematopoietic progenitor to evaluate the effect of AME on myelosuppression and conducted swimming test, survival rate, nitric oxide (NO) assay, 51Cr release assay in natural killer cell, mRNA expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, $TNF-{\alpht}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TGF-{\beta}$ and GM-CSF in spleen cells to evaluate the effect of AME on quality of life (QOL). Results : AME improved 5-FU induced myelosuppression and peripheral blood count was recovered effectively, had significant efficacy to protect against chemotherapy induced marrow-destruction and on hematopoiesis compared with the control group, improved increase survival rate and the swimming time, had a stimulatory effect on macrophage activation and NK cell activity, and up-regulated cytokine gene transcription (IL-2, IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$) in murine immunologic system. Conclusion : We can conclude that AM is an effective herbal agent for improvement of myelosuppression and QOL in 5-FU treated mice.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 1993

Background Radioiodine ($^{131}I$), a major component of nuclear fallout and a valuable therapeutic agent for thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer, has been regarded as a mutagen or a carcinogen without any convincing evidence. To evaluate the genotoxicity of radioiodine ($^{131}I$) we performed a micronuclei test in mice bone marrow. Materials and methods : Mice (ICR strain, $25{\sim}30 g$) were divided to 4 groups: control, group 1 (0.17 mCi/kg, usual therapeutic dose for thyrotoxicosis), group 2 (1.67 mCi/kg, usual therapeutic dose for thyroid cancer), and group 3 (16.67 mCi/kg, usual accumulated dose causing bone marrow suppression). $^{131}I$ was administered intraperitoneally. Ten mice of each group were sacrificed at days 1 and 3. Bone marrow were smeared and stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa method. One thou-sand polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) were counted under the light microscope, and the number of micronucleated PCEs were recorded. Results : The frequency of micronuclei in PCE (and NCE in parenthesis) in the control group was $0.25{\pm}0.07$ ($0.23{\pm}0.07$)% in day 1 and $0.24{\pm}0.07$ ($0.21{\pm}0.07$)% in day 3. Those in group 1 was $0.27{\pm}0.1$ ($0.23{\pm}0.09$)% in day 1 and $0.28{\pm}0.07$ ($0.25{\pm}0.06$)% in day 3. Micronuclei was noted in $0.29{\pm}0.08$ ($0.26{\pm}0.09$)% in day 1 and $0.31{\pm}0.05$ ($0.29{\pm}0.06$)% in day 3 in group 2, and in $0.32{\pm}0.06$ ($0.25{\pm}0.09$)% in day 1 and $0.33{\pm}0.08$ ($0.3{\pm}0.06$)% in day 3 in group 3. There was no difference in the frequency of micronuclei between each groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion : Radioiodine ($^{131}I$) did not cause any genotoxicity in mice bone marrow even at the large dose (16.67 mCi/kg).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 1972

Studies on the chromosome of Mus musculus have been done by Galton in 1965. In the present studies the authors have analyzed the chromosome pattern of Mus molossinus and found the same pattern of karyotype as observed by Galton. In addition, it was found that there exists no difference in karyotype between different localities and between different species.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.597-606
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• 2008

Resorption of alveolar bone in periodontitis is due to excessive differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Bacterial antigens causing periodontitis activates CD4 T cells, which leads to expressing RANK ligand (RANKL) on CD4 T cells. RANKL binds RANK on preosteoclasts or osteoclasts, and enhances the differentiation preosteoclasts into osteoclasts and the activation of mature osteoclasts. CD137, one of TNF receptor (TNFR) family, expressed on activated T cells binds with CD137 ligand (CD137L) on antigen presenting cells. Cross-linking of CD137 by CD137L acts as T cell co-stimulatory signals and, therefore, enhances the activation of T cell. In this study, I elucidated the biological responses of CD137L on (pre)osteoclasts and RANKL on T cells in the context of in vivo interaction between T cells and osteoclasts. RAW264.7, murine monocytic cells, constitutively express CD137L. Ligation of CD137L with anti-CD137L mAb inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in a dosedependent manner. Bone marrow cells are expressed CD137L by the treatment with M-CSF. Cross-linking of CD137L abolished M-CSF/ RANKL-evoked the formation of multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Both mouse CD4 and CD8 T cells are expressed RANKL following their activation. Ligation of RANKL with OPG, the decoy receptor for RANKL, inhibited both CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation. These effects were attributed to RANKL-induced apoptosis. These data indicate that CD137L and RANKL on osteoclasts and T cells, respectively provide them with inhibitory signal.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of rhubarb extract on osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Osteoclasts are vital for bone resorption and remodeling. Osteoclast dysregulation can contribute to various bone-related disorders that directly affect oral health. Rhubarb, a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to modulate bone metabolism. Methods: BMMs were isolated from the femurs and tibias of 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of mouse macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) for 3 days. Subsequently, BMMs were treated with M-CSF and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to induce osteoclast differentiation. Results: Rhubarb extract effectively suppressed osteoclast differentiation in BMMs. Furthermore, rhubarb extract inhibited the mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K (CTSK), which are essential for osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, it inhibited the RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1), a crucial transcription factor in osteoclast differentiation. Conclusions: These results suggest that rhubarb extract promotes oral health by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in BMMs. Thus, rhubarb extract shows promise as a therapeutic agent for bone-related disorders that directly affect oral health, particularly those associated with abnormal osteoclast activity. Further research and exploration of the underlying mechanisms are warranted to fully understand their potential clinical applications.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1987

The relative biological effectiveness has been measured for the biological characterization of $p^+(50.5\;MeV)$ Be neutron of KCCH-Cyclotron prior to clinical application. Measured RBE of mouse jejunal crypt cell in single whole body irradiation was 2.8. This RBE value is changed differently in different biologic systems such as mouse jejunal crypt cells, intestine and bone marrow in different irradiation method, so that in fractionated irradiation RBE is variable to the different fraction size and total dose, and also variable to the number of fractions.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1988

Spleen cells of mouse immunized with hCG were fused with myeloma cell (SP 2/0 Ag 14) to produce monoclonal antibody against hCG. Several clones of hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody were established and antibodies were characterized in terms of titer, subisotyping and sensitivity in immunoassay. Several methods, for the purification of anti¬bodies, based on gel-filtration, DEAE-ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography. were applied and compared each other by the result of SDS-PAGE. Two-site immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA) involving the use of an excess concentration of a specific monoclonal antibody passively adsorbed onto the walls of plastic tubes and a chemiluminescence labelled antibody conjugate were de¬veloped for the determination of hCG as a preliminary study.