• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of the Flammulina veluipes media by-product(FMB) in laying hens(Hy-Line Brown). A total of three hundreds sixty were fed corn-soy based experimental diets containing 0(control), 5.0(T1), and $10\%(T2)$ FMB for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences among the treatments in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion and viability during the experimental period. Feed intake was significantly(P<0.05) lowered in control(120.5g) than 72(123.9g). There were no significant differences among the treatments eggshell breaking strength, thickness and haugh unit, whereas the yolk color of T1 and T2 were significantly love. than control(p<0.05). In conclusion, the FMB can be used as resource of feed in laying hen feed at $5.0\%$ level without effect on performance and egg qualify. However, dietary pigments must be added when the FMB was used as a feed ingredients more than $10\%$ in diets.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1999

Orius strgicollis Poppius is an endemic natural enemy of thrips recently found. To estimatethe optimum temperature for rearing in laboratory, development and oviposition of 0. strigicollis wasstudied at 15, 20, 25 and 30$^{\circ}$C with a 16L : 8D photoperiod and 60-80% RH. Cotton aphid, Aphisgossipyii, was supplied as prey. Total number of eggs laid per female ranged from 39.1 to 68.5 with thehighest at 25$^{\circ}$C. Adult longevity decreased as temperature increased, and the reverse was true for eggsurvivorship. Survivorship of larvae was 26.7,43.3, 76.7 and 46.7% at 15, 20, 25 and 30$^{\circ}$C, respectively.Duration of eggs and larvae at tested temperatures ranged from 3.4 days to 18.9 days and from 9.4 days to45.6 days, respectively. A linear regression model could describe development of the predator as afunction of temperature (R2=0.949-0.997). The lower developmental threshold temperatures for egg,larvae, and total immature stage were estimated to be 12.4, 11.4, and 11.6"C, respectively.6"C, respectively.vely.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2000

The green lacewing, Chrysopa pallens (Rambur), was reared on artificial diets supplementedwith natural products such as lyophilized beef liver, silk worm pupae powder and drone honey beepowder. The performance of the green lacewing was improved siginificantly on only the diet to whichadded 1 % of silk worm pupae powder (wt/v). Larval developement was completed in 15.6 f 0.99 days,cocoon weight was 16.4f2.94 mg, and suvival to adult was 89.3% at 27$^{\circ}$C. And another diet made bymixing 4 part of lyophilized beef liver powder, 4 part of lyophilized beef powder, 3 part of lyophilizedchicken egg, 4 part of sucrose, and 50 mg each of vitamin C and Vanderzant's vitamin B mixture waspromising. Larval development of the green lacewing on this diet was completed in 12.7 f 1.45 days at27"C, pupal weight was 18.1 f 2.24mg, suvival to adult was loo%, and 633f70.4 eggs were laid in 20days after beginning of oviposition.ginning of oviposition.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1986

A total of 749 Korean native Ogol fowl[Natural Monument No, 265] and 45,340 Ogol eggs were used to investigate the various performances of Ogol, I. e., fertility, hatchability, viability, body weight, and rate of egg production. The studying periods was from May, 1985 to Sept., 1986. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The mean rates of fertility and hatchability were 82.2${\pm}$1.37(X${\pm}$S.E.) and 79.0${\pm}$1.91%, respectively. 2. The mean rates of fertility and hatchability during brooding, growing and laying periods were 90.5${\pm}$1.69, 79.9${\pm}$2.28% and 80.6${\pm}$3.06%, respectively. 3. Average body weight at hatch, at ages of 18, 24, 44 and 72 weeks were 31.5, 0.43, 1209.3${\pm}$17.29, 1646.1${\pm}$25.90, 1975.3${\pm}$40.56 and 2096.7${\pm}$40.83g, respectively. 4. The age of the first egg was 166.5${\pm}$1.69 days old. Egg weights at first egg, at ages of 44 and 72 weeks were 35.7${\pm}$0.49, 48.8${\pm}$0.47 and 502${\pm}$0.44g, respectively. The numbers of egg production age to of 44 and 72 weeks were 69.5${\pm}$3.10 and 129.3${\pm}$5.56 eggs, respectively. 5. Between body weights and age at the first egg showed lower negative correlation. Body weights at ages of 24, 44 and 72 weeks showed highly positive correlation with egg weight, but a significant negative correlation with the number if egg production to ages of 44 and 72 weeks. The age at first egg was positively correlated with egg weight at first egg, but that was negatively correlated with the number of egg production to ages of 44 and 72 weeks.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 2013

The development of swift's scallop Chlamys swiftii, reared in the laboratory, has been examined through the investigation of morphological characteristics in fertilized egg, larvae and juvenile. Eggs were fertilized with a dilute sperm solution to improve the survival of fertilized eggs. Developing larvae were maintained at a temperature of $16{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and salinity concentration of 33 ppt. We have investigated the fertilization rates and egg number spawned at several stimulating conditions such as sunlight exposure, air dry, seawater temperature rise ($5^{\circ}C$) and seawater temperature rise ($5^{\circ}C$) after exposure of air dry for spawning induction of swift's scallop Chamys swiftii. Stimulation treated with sunlight exposure and seawater temperature rise ($5^{\circ}C$) have shown the spawning number of 700,000-900,000 and 700,000-800,000 per individual, respectively while stimulation treated with seawater temperature rise ($5^{\circ}C$) after exposure of air dry have shown the high spawning number of 1,000,000-1,500,000 per individual. Survival rate of D-shaped larvae of swift's scallop put into the different seawater temperatures of $8^{\circ}C$, $12^{\circ}C$, $16^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $24^{\circ}C$ has been 4.1%, 11.6%, 32.7%, 18.6% and 3.2%, respectively. Fertilized eggs with the diameter of $72{\mu}m$ developed into trochophore larvae of $103{\pm}3.8{\mu}m$ shortly after 35 hours and to D larvae of $129{\pm}10.4{\mu}m$ shell length within 72 hours. It took 336 hours to become initial Umbo-stage larva of $145{\pm}16.8{\mu}m$ shell length. Post larvae, which have been $197{\pm}13.6{\mu}m$ shell length, spontaneously have settled in the attachment substances. It have required 528 hours from fertilized eggs to early attached juvenile to become initial juvenile size of $245{\pm}15.8{\mu}m$ shell length.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.577-590
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• 2022

Ostrinia scapulalis is one of important pests in leguminous crops, especially red bean. In order to understand the biological characteristics of the insect, we investigated the effects of temperature on development of each life stage, adult longevity and fecundity of O. scapulalis at eleven constant temperatures of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, and 36℃. Eggs and larvae successfully developed next life stage at most temperature subjected except 7, 10 and 13℃. The developmental period of egg, larva and pupa decreased as temperature increased. Lower and higher threshold temperature (TL and TH) were calculated by the Lobry-Rosso-Flandrois (LRF) and Sharpe-Schoolfield-Ikemoto (SSI) models. The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and thermal constant (K) from egg hatching to adult emergence of O. scapulalis were estimated by linear regression as 13.5℃ and 384.5DD, respectively. TL and TH from egg hatching to adult emergence using SSI model were 19.4℃ and 39.8℃. Thermal windows, i.e., the range in temperature between the minimum and maximum rate of development, of O. scapulalis was 20.4℃. Adults produced viable eggs at the temperature range between 16℃ and 34℃, and showed a maximum number, ca. 416 offsprings, at 25℃. Adult models including aging rate, age-specific survival rate, age-specific cumulative oviposition, and temperature-dependent fecundity were constructed, using the temperature-dependent adult traits. Temperature-dependent development models and adult oviposition models will be useful components to understand the population dynamics of O. scapulalis and will be expected using a basic data for establishing the strategy of integrated pest management in leguminous crops.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

The ecological characteristics of the specialist insect predator, Oligota kashmirica benefica, were investigated for developing artificial rearing method with special interest on the oviposition behavior, the pattern of adult emergence and temperature in storage, and its effect on the density of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri. Female beetle oviposited eggs mainly, $95\%$ of the eggs, on the bottom of leaves of the yuzu tree, and $91.3\%$ of them were covered with ecdysis skin of the red mites or the feces of themselves. The rate of adult emergence of the beetle rose up to $86.7\%$ when the horticultural media was provided for pupation from $60\%$ when it pupated in upland soil. Most larvae, $88\%$ of them, were found from the surface to the depth of 2 cm in the horticultural media. The optimum temperature for the storage of the adult beetle was found to be $12^{\circ}C$, at this temperature the 96.7, 73.3 and $70.0\%$ of the beetle survived for 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively. The control effect of the citrus red mite was appeared highest by releasing the beetle at the rate of one beetle against 150 mites.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to determine the economic housing density levels on caged laying hens The experiment was carried out with 600 ISA Babcock strain of white coder and 450 ISA Brown strain of brown color for production period(21－72 weeks) from May 11. 1987 to June 27. 1988. The levels of housing density was employed 5 or 6 by hen's color from 272 to 920$\textrm{cm}^2$/per hen. The results obtained were summarzed as follows ： 1. Although there were not statistically significant among the housing density levels, The body weight gain for pullet period(14－20 weeks) were in case of white pullet the lowest at the group of high crowding density (272$\textrm{cm}^2$/per pullet) and in case of Brown pullet was the lowest at the group of high crowding density(306$\textrm{cm}^2$/per pullet). 2. Viabillity of pullet from 14 to 20 weeks were more 97% and there urere not statistically significant among the housing density. 3. Viabillity of laying hens was increased as increasing housing density through the etire product period(21－72 weeks) but 453$\textrm{cm}^2$/per hen group(in case of brown hen) showed a significant difference (P＜.05). 4. Rate of egg production through the etire production period(21－72 weeks) were significantly increased by increasing housing density (P＜.05 or .01). 5. Average egg weight through the entire production period(21－72 weeks) was not significantly different among housing density levels at all laying kent 6. In case of white strain, egg mass per hen among treatment during the age of 63－72 weeks were decreased by increasing housing density, meanwhile, in case of brown strain were increased by decreasing housing density during the whole period and there were significant different among the all treatment 7. There were no significant different in feed intake among the all treatment through the entire production period(21－72 weeks) at the white strain laying hens but in case of brown strains, Feed intake were increased by increasing housing density and feeding spece/per hen, and there were significant different among the all treatment 8. Feed requirements per egg at white strain was the highest when the 272$\textrm{cm}^2$/per hen levels and at the brown strains was the highest when the 306$\textrm{cm}^2$/per hen levels, however, among the other treatment were no significant.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.109-124
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• 2018

In order to find the optimum culture condition for marine free-living nematoda in the laboratory, various agar media were developed and experiments were carried on nematodes. Nematodes have collected from the bottom of the sandy sediments' surface layer (about 5cm sediment) of Taean Mallipo beach's intertidal zone. Especially, with regard to agar medium, Killian medium was transformed slightly, density of agar had made a difference and this agar medium(height 2.0 mm on diameter 60 mm Petri dish) was divided. It was mixed with 5 different species of microorganism as nematodes' live food and added each culture medium. Five individuals of Enoplolaimus sp. on each culture medium were grown in a culture medium which was set on $20^{\circ}C$ and light blocked. Moreover, as a result of the optimum culture condition, 1.0% density of agar showed the highest survival rates (the average time of survival is 246.8 hours). On the other hand, the 0.4% density of agar adding Killian medium, bacto peptone and beef extract showed the lowest survival rates, which indicates the average time of survival is 27.6 hours. About Bathylaimus sp., on Killian medium's 1.0% density of agar(no feeding amount) showed the highest survival rates, which connects that the hatching rate 94.7% after 99.5 hours and it laid 7 eggs averagely on the spawning amount and the hatching rate experiment.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 1992

Induced breeding and indoor rearing of the catfish, Silurus asotus were performed. Ovulation was induced by injection of 5 mg dried carp pituitary per kg body weight. Fertilization rates were $81.5\~98.0{\%}$ and hatching success was $67.0\~82.0{\%}$. There were no significant differences of daily growth rate (DGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) between the groups fed extruded eel pellet and extruded carp pellet. No significant differences in DGR and FCR were also found between $3{\%}$ and $4{\%}$ daily feeding rates. DGR and FCR of small fry were slightly affected by dissolved oxygen (DO) level in aquaria. When the DO level maintained at $4.5\;mg/{\ell}$, the best result was obtained and DGR and FCR were $5.7{\%}$ and 0.65, respectively. At the higher level of DO, $5.5\;mg/{\ell}$, DGR and FCR were $5.52{\%}$ and 0.77, respectively, whereas at the lower level of DO, $3.5\;mg/{\ell}$, the DGR was decreased to $3.45{\%}$ and FCR was increased up to 1.01.