• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생장 저해

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Determination of Allelopathic Activity in Dominant Upland Weeds (밭 주요(主要) 우점잡초의(優占雜草) ALLELOPATHY 작용성(作用性) 검색(檢索))

  • Chun, J.C.;Han, K.W.;Jang, B.C.;Shin, H.S.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.156-164
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    • 1987
  • Allelopathic activity of dominant upland weed species was determined using aqueous and methanol extracts and dried residues of the weeds. Germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were greatly inhibited by 2% (w/v) aqueous extracts of Artemisia asiatica Nakai and Portulaca oleracea L., respectively. Great phytotoxicity on both indicator plants occurred by 2% (w/v) aqueous extracts of Capsel/a bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. A complete inhibition in germination and seedling growth of radish was caused by 2% (w/v) methanol extract of A. asiatica. There was about 90% inhibition in germination and seedling growth of sesame due to 2% (w/v) methanol extracts of A. asiatica, P. oleracea and Trifolium repens L. Phytotoxic effects varied with extract solution, weed species and indicator plants employed, indicating that the weed species contained different contents and kinds of allelopathic chemicals. Water potential and pH adjusted to those of the extracts did not affect germination and seedling growth of the indicator plants. Phytotoxicity increased with increasing concentration of the extracts obtained from four suspected alleopathic weeds. Soil-incorporated plant residues of A. asiatica and P. oleracea caused greater phytotoxicity on radish than those of C. bursa-pastoris and T. repens.

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Influences of PAHs and Ammonium on Growth of Duckweed (Lemna perpusilla Torr.) (좀개구리밥(Lemna perpusilla Torr.)의 생육에 대한 PAHs와 암모늄의 영향)

  • Park, Jin Hee;Shim, Sang In
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.510-515
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    • 2014
  • Duckweed (Lemna perpusilla J. Torrey) is a typical floating aquatic macrophyte that has been used for evaluating phytotoxicity of toxicants. In this study, we evaluated the responses of duckweed to PAHs and ammonium as toxicants that frequently affect the growth of plants in polluted industrial and agricultural areas. As the duckweed is growing in aquatic environment, the PAHs and ammonium were incorporated into nutrient solution and the fronds were cultured hydroponically. Frond growth was responded differentially to the concentration and type of PAHs. The severe inhibition of frond growth was observed in the treatment of fluorene. Fluoranthene and pyrene, however, showed weak inhibition of frond growth. The latter PAHs that showed weak inhibition did not reduced frond number at the low concentration of 30 ppm. Pigment contents were also responded differentially. Phenanthrene and fluorene reduced chlorophyll content more strongly than fluoranthene and pyrene. Carotenoids, well-known antioxidative compound, was relatively increased at the low concentration of PAHs up to 30 ppm by the treatment of fluoranthene and pyrene, suggesting an increased antioxidative activity in fronds. Ammonium treatment showed higher inhibitory effect even low concentration of 3 mM.

Effects of Primisulfuron and Imazethapyr Treated with Piperonyl Butoxide on Growth and Acetolactate Synthase Activity in Several Corn Cultivars (Primisulfuron, Imazethapyr와 Piperonyl Butoxide의 혼합처리(混合處理)가 옥수수의 생장(生長) 및 ALS산소(酸素) 활성(活性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Piao, R.Z.;Pyon, J.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.333-340
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    • 1998
  • The combined effects of primisulfuron and imazethapyr treated with piperonyl butoxide(PBO) on growth inhibition and acetolactate synthase(ALS) activity in corn were studied to identify the tolerance mechanism among corn cultivars. Pioneer 3751 IR showed resistance to primisulfuron and imazethapyr, but Pioneer 3751 and Chalok 2 were susceptible to them. Pioneer 3751 IR was tolerant to primisulfuron regardless of PBO treatment, but Pioneer 3751, Suwon 118 and Chalok 2 were more greatly inhibited by combined treatment of primisulfuron with PBO. Synergistic effect on growth inhibition in Pioneer 3751 IR, Pioneer 3751, Suwon 118 and Chalok 2 was not occurred when imazethapyr was treated with PBO, but Pioneer 3751, Suwon 118 and Chalok 2 tended to inhibit by combined treatment of imazethapyr with PBO. Pioneer 3751 IR showed higher ALS activity than Pioneer 3751 when primisulfuron or imazethapyr was treated. ALS activity was inhibited by primisulfuron at 0.01μM or above and imazethapyr at 1μM or above, and inhibitory effect on ALS activity was observed by primisufuron and imazethapyr treatments with PBO.

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Quantitative structure-activity relationships and molecular shape similarity of the herbicidal N-substituted phenyl-3,4-dimethylmaleimide Derivatives (제초성 N-치환 phenyl-3,4-dimethylmaleimide 유도체의 정량적인 구조-활성관계와 분자 유사성)

  • Sung, Nack-Do;Ock, Hwan-Suk;Chung, Hun-Jun;Song, Jong-Hwan
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.100-107
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    • 2003
  • To improve the growth inhibitory activity against the shoot and root of rice plant (Oryza sativa L) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), a series of N-substituted phenyl-3,4-dimethylmaleimdes derivatives as substrates were synthesized and then their the inhibitory activities of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (1.3.3.4), protox were measured. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) between structures and the inhibitory activities were studied quantitatively using the 2D-QSAR method. And also, molecular sharp similarity between the substrate derivatives and protogen, substrare of protox enzyme were studied. The activities of the two plants indicated that barnyard grass had a higher activity than the rice plant and their correlation relationships have shown in proportion for each. Accordingly, the results of SARs suggest that the electron donating groups as R2=Sub.X group will bind to phenyl ring because the bigger surface area of negative charged atoms in the substrate molecule derivatives may increase to the higher the activity against barnyard grass. Based on the molecular shape similarity, when the derivatives and protogen, subsbrate of protox enzyme were superimposed by atom fitting, the similarity indices (S) were above 0.8 level but the correlation coefficients (r) between S values and the activities showed not good.

Growth inhibition of hydrotrope-combined copper against Microcystis aeruginosa and evaluation of its toxicity (Microcystis aeruginosa에 대한 hydrotrope-combined copper의 생장억제 및 독성 평가)

  • Park, Se-Keun;Ji, Jun-Gu;Jang, Hee Jung;Kim, Yeong-Kwan;Oh, Young-Sook;Choi, Sung-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.7-13
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    • 2015
  • Hydrotrope-combined copper (HCC) is a copper (Cu2+)-based algicide, which is combined with a hydrotrope that keeps copper ion in solution to improve performance. This study assessed the growth inhibition effect of HCC against Microcystis aeruginosa which is one of the most common toxic cyanobacterium in eutrophic freshwater environment. Various HCC doses, ranging from 5.5 to 550μg/L as Cu2+, were applied to either BG-11 or 1/4 diluted medium with low- or high-inoculum density of M. aeruginosa. Growth inhibition was monitored based on a decrease in chlorophyll-a content in culture medium during the incubation. Results showed that HCC significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner. In case of 1/4 diluted BG-11 medium, HCC dose as low as 5.5μg Cu2+/L completely inhibited the production of chlorophyll-a by M. aeruginosa. It was found that HCC did not induce any significant release of microcystin-LR from M. aeruginosa. Acute toxicity of HCC was tested using Daphnia magna, and the 24-h EC50 value was 0.30 mg/L as Cu2+ which was much higher than the actual inhibition dose. Ames test was performed using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TA100, and HCC showed no increase in the number of revertant colonies. The result suggested that HCC does not have any mutagenic potential in the aquatic environment. In addition, no genotoxic effect of HCC was also confirmed based on the SOS ChromoTest using Escherichia coli PQ37. Therefore, HCC could be used as a relatively safe and effective pre- and post-treatment agent to control hazardous algal blooming in aquatic environments.

Antibiotic Properties of an Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana, on Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea (살충성 진균 Beauveria bassiana의 Fusarium oxysporum과 Botrytis cinerea에 대한 항균활성)

  • 박영구;이동규;김용헌;강선철
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 1996
  • 식물병원균 Botrytis cinerea와 Fusarium oxysporum에 대한 생물학적 방제의 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 살충성 진균 Beauveria bassiana의 식물병원균에 대한 균사성장저해, 포자발아 억제, 균사와 포자의 형태변화 등의 효과를 살펴보았다. 평판배지 상에서 두 식물병원균의 균사생장이 저해되었으며, 저해효과는 배지종류에 따라 달랐는데 B. cinerea의 경우 PDA배지에서 가장 크게 저해되었으며 F. oxysporum의 경우에는 TSA배지에서 가장 크게 저해되었다. B. bassiana는 25C에서 6일간 배양했을 때 F. oxysporum에 대한 항균력이 가장 높았으며 동시에 최대의 균체량을 생산하였다. 또한 B. bassiana의 배양여액을 식물병원균에 30% 농도로 첨가하여 배양했을 때 식물병원균의 포자 발아율은 B. cinerea, F. oxysporum에서 각각 30%(control: 88.2%), 10.0%(control: 78.6%)로 낮아졌으며 발아 개시 시간도 4~8시간 지연되었다. 현미경을 통한 미세구조관찰에서는 10%의 B. bassiana배양여액을 첨가했을 때 F. oxysporum의 포자 크기가 1/2~1/3으로 줄어들었으며 균사와 격막의 형태도 비정상적으로 변하여 균사외막과 격막-격막 사이의 구분이 불명확해졌다.

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Effect of buprofezin on the formation and reversion of protoplast from mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju (Buprofezin이 느타리버섯속의 원형질체 나출 및 재생에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Gwan Chull;Whang, Ewi Ill;Seo, Geon Sik
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.77-81
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    • 1990
  • Effects of buprofezin, an inhibitor of chitin synthesis, on mycelial growth, protoplast formation and reversion of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju were investigated. The mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju was the inhibited by buprofezin treatment, and the inhibition rate was severer as the concentration of the buprofezin increased. Aerial mycelium formation was increased by buprofezin treatment, but mycelial morphology was not changed. Protoplast formation of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju. was significantly increased when buprofezin was added to the culture medium at the concentration of 200~500 ppm and the protoplast reversion of the mushrooms was also increased by the treatment of the buprofezin.

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Mycelial Growth Properties of Domestically Collected Ectomycorrhizal Tricholoma Mushrooms in Various Culture Conditions (다양한 배양 환경에 따른 국내 수집 외생균근성 Tricholoma속 종의 균사생장 특성)

  • Kang, Jung-A;Ka, Kang-Hyeon;Kim, Jun Young;Kim, Seong Hwan
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.271-280
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    • 2018
  • The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma is one of mushroom groups that cannot be cultivated artificially. To use this mushroom as applicable resource for food production, it is necessary to obtain information about their mycelial growth properties in various environmental conditions. This study investigated the mycelial growth of four domestic isolates of Tricholoma species (T. bakamatsutake, T. fulvocastaneum, T. matsutake, T. terreum) at different physical and chemical conditions. The optimal physical conditions for their mycelia growth were found to be a temperature range of 2025C and a pH range of 4.0~7.0 in dark condition. The growth of T. matsutake was retarded at high temperature (30C). Tests to determine the chemical factors that affected mycelial growth showed that the four Tricholoma spp. grew 1% saline. T. matsutake grew in up to 2% saline. In the presence of various heavy metals (50 ppm) and pesticides (suppliers' recommended concentration), mycelial growth was inhibited the most by cadmium and emamectin benzoate, respectively. However, all the four Tricholoma spp. grew with Cu+. The growth of T. matsutake was not inhibited by abamectin, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid. Extracellular enzyme activities of amylase and β-glucosidase were detected only in T. bakamatsutake and T. fulvocastaneum. The results of the present study allowed us to determine suitable or harmful environmental conditions for the mycelial cultivation of the Tricholoma spp.

Effects of Mn on the Growth and Nutrient Status of Pinus densiflora Seedlings in Nutrient Culture Solution (소나무 묘목의 생장 및 영양상태에 미치는 Mn의 영향)

  • 이충화;이승우;진현오;정진현;이천용
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.349-352
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    • 2002
  • The effects of Mn on growth and nutrient status of Pinus densiflora seedlings grown in a nutrient culture solution were investigated. Mn concentrations was added as manganese chloride at 0, 30 and 60ppm to the nutrient culture solution. The 2-year-old seedlings were transplanted into the solution maintained at pH 4.0, and grown for 90 days in a greenhouse. The Mn treatment induced a significant reduction in the dry weight growth of the seedlings. The relative growth rate(RGR) and net assimilation rate(NAR) of the seedlings decreased with increasing Mn concentrations in the nutrient culture solutions. For the nutrient status of the seedlings, Ca and Mg content in trunk and root was least in 60ppm Mn treatment, and Mn content in needle was about 3 times more than in root. Also the net photosynthetic rate of the seedlings was significantly lower both in 30ppm and 60ppm Mn treatment compared to them in 0ppm. This result suggests that the reductions in the RGR and NAR of the seedlings may be resulted from the inhibition of net photosynthesis by the mixed effect of lower nutrient uptake of roots and excess accumulation of Mn in needle.

Effects of Ethylsalicylic Acid on Growth and Rubisco/Rubisco Activase in Tobacco Plant Cultured under Cadmium Treatment in vitro (카드뮴(Cd) 하에서 기내 배양된 담배의 생장과 Rubisco/Rubisco Activase에 대한 Ethylsalicylic acid의 영향 분석)

  • Roh, Kwang Soo;Cui, Qiu Jie
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.558-566
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    • 2014
  • Growth induced by cadmium (Cd) and ethylsalicylic acid (ESA) and the effect of ESA on rubisco/rubisco activase were studied in tobacco. The effect of denaturants on rubisco/rubisco activase was also investigated. In order to determine optimal concentration of ESA for growth of tobacco, tobacco was treated with 106-10 mM. It was found that its growth was the highest at 104 mM ESA. In the experiment using control, Cd treated group, ESA treated group, and Cd and ESA mixture group, ESA alone showed the highest growth and Cd showed the lowest growth. Cd treated group was the lowest in both rubisco/rubisco activase content and activity. ESA reduced the rubisco/rubisco activase content, but increased their activity. The activity of rubisco was inhibited by treating L-cysteine, urea, thiourea, β-mercaptoethanol, and EDTA other than guanidine-HCl in control group. L-cysteine, urea, thiourea, and guanidine-HCl treatments showed no change, but β-mercaptoethanol and EDTA increased rubisco activase activity. In conclusion, ESA inhibited the content of rubisco and promoted its activity, whereas promoted the content of rubisco activase and inhibited its activity. In addition, the content and activity of rubisco and rubisco activase inhibited by Cd were recovered by ESA. The activity of rubisco and rubisco activase by Cd and ESA was inhibited by the denaturant and the recovery of ESA inhibited by Cd was lost by the denaturant.