• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 1999

This study measured the seasonal changes in physiological characteristics and antioxidants of Alnus firma to compare several enzyme activities(Rubisco, Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Glutathione Reductase(GR)) between resistant and sensitive Alnus firma trees. Resistant and sensitive Alnus firma individuals near Yochon industrial complex were selected to conduct this study in 1997. Photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance, transpiration, Rubisco, SOD and GR activities of resistant trees which had no visible damages to air pollution were higher than those of sensitive trees in same area. All physiological results supported that biochemical process to be one of the important key features to understand resistance to air pollution. Increases of photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity in resistant trees in response to air pollution were the results of biological compensation to stress.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

This study was conducted to effect a complex fertilizer treatment on a recovery of damaged turfgrass caused by competing with tree at area under trees, and to seek for effective management system on damaged areas under trees in golf courses. Available phosphorous and potassium were enough to grow up turfgrass in plots of East valley and Ji San Golf Club. But these plots were acid soil ranged from pH 5.3 to pH 5.5, so that lime fertilizer was required for improving the chemical of soil. The effect on complex fertilizer showed significant f3r the recovery of damaged turfgrass. Turfgrass recovery ratio by complex fertilizer was better in low-density(LD) section of fertilizer than in high-density(HD) section of control. As the result of surveying turfgrass characters according to dates, dry matters in HD sections of control plots were higher than these in LD sections of fertilizer plots in 6 Aug. before sprinkling a complex fertilizer. But dry matters in LD section of fertilizer were, on the contrary, higher than in 6 Sep. after sprinkling complex fertilizer. In view of the result so far conducted, a turfgrass recovery to LD sections of complex fertilizer was batter than that of HD sections of control. Sprinkling complex fertilizer on turfgrass damaged by competing with trees will maintain the turfgrass growth, even though happen to compete between trees and turfgrass.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 1989

The study was performed to examine varietal differences of wilting injury in terms of the root developing system and root activity. The field survey was conducted at the farmer's, and the experimental fields. The experimental investigation was done at different growth stage of rice plant in the sand culture condition. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The T/R ratio of healthy plants was greater than that of the wilted plants in Yushin. 2. Regardless of plant parts, the root activity of the wilted plants decreased in Yushin. The T/R ratio of Yushin tended to increase at the vegitative stage while the Photosynthate distribution to root decreased at the later stage. 3. The root activity and the plant growth rate were higher at vegetative growth stage, while the root activity at reproductive stage decreased. 4. The root activity of Milyang 23, which has relatively less injury of wilting, did not significantly differ between the wilted and the healthy plants. The root was thick and T/R ratio was low.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.257-260
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• 1976

Corn (Zea may L.) and Algae (Botridium sp.) were grown in the nutrient solution to investestigate the effects of humic substances on the moderation of high salt toxicity. The results are as follows: 1) The addition of small amount of humic substances (5 ppm C) drastically decreased the high salt toxicity of corn growth. 2) The addition of 20ppm humic substances was also decreased the high salt toxicity in algaegrowth. Different concentration of humic substances, however, did not show significant difference in algae yield.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.453-459
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• 1988

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of acid rain on tree growth and on the mycorrhizal formation and the effects of mycorrhizae on the host tolerance to acid rain. Simulated acid rain was applied for five months to Pinus $rigida{\times}taeda$ seedlings in pots inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and Suillus luteus (Sl). Mycelial inocula of Pt and Sl were either mixed with entire pot soil (Mix) or casted as a band (Band) after soil sterilization. Three pH levels of acid rain (pH 3.0, 4.5 and 6.4 adjusted by 3 : 1 mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids) were tested. Pt-Mix was most effective in growth stimulation and resulted in 45-90% increase in tree height in sandy loam. Pt-Band was less effective than Pt-Mix in growth stimulation and mycorrhizal formation. Simulated acid rain at pH 4.5 stimulated height growth by 10-55%, while acid rain at pH 3.0 did not significantly affect the height growth. The top/root ratio was increased by pH 4.5 treatment, while pH 3.0 treatment reduced it. Mycorrhizal infection rate was not affected by acid rain. Pt inoculation reduced acid-induced leaf injury by 28-58% in both pH 3.0 and 4.5 compared with un-inoculated plants. Sl was also effective in growth enhancement, but was less effective than Pt in both mycorrhizal infection and reducing leaf injury.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 1998

To obtain basic information for establishing a pest control strategy for insect pest management system, changes in the population densities of the black-tipped sawfly(Acantholyda posticalis posticalis Matsumura) and damage patterns in tree growth were investigated in national forests in Hoigok-ri, Kapyung-gun, Kyunggi-do, where the pest control measures were taken. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The larval density in the soil of the forests where the insecticides were applied have been kept below economic threshold for about 7 years. The density was the highest in the middle of slopes and similar to the level of the early stage of the insect outbreak. 2. After the pest control by insecticides, reduction in tree height and diameter growth lasted for 2-3 years in trees defoliated by over 70%. 3. The diameter growth of the trees damaged by black-tipped sawfly recovered faster in upper stem than in the lower. 4. volume growth of the trees defoliated over 70% by the insect decreased for three to four years. The volume loss of trees defoliated by 70% and 90% was 19.6% and 54.0%, respectively. 5. Maintaining the rate of defoliation below 50%, which is the economic threshold, by chemical control measures had an effect of reducing the tree volume loss by $40m^2/ha$ as compared with a stand defoliated by 90%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.583-589
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• 2020

Recently, the utility of UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) for a smart farm using various sensors and ICT (Information & Communications Technology) is expected. In particular, it has proven its effectiveness as an outdoor crop monitoring method through various indices and is being studied in various fields. This study analyzes damage to crops caused by natural disasters and measures the damage area of rice plants. To this end, data is acquired using BG-NIR (Blue Green_Near Infrared Red) and RGB sensors, and image analysis and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) index performed to review crop damage caused by in the rainy season. Also, point cloud data based on image analysis is generated, and damage is measured by comparing data before and after the typhoon through an inspection map. As a result of the study, the growth and rainy season damage of rice was examined through NDWI index analysis, and the damage area caused by typhoon was measured by analysis of the inspection map.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.745-750
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• 2013

In many recent studies, a variety of environmental control system for practical gardening facilities such as facility house and plant factory have been proposed. However, the plants have been exposed to growth disorder and disease and pest injury because the temperature and humidity have not properly controlled so far. Therefore, a lot of damage of farmers have been reported. The air circulation fan and industrial dehumidifier have been currently utilized as the countermeasures, but they do not meet the expectation. In this study, the growth phase of each plant is recognized by using cycle-by-cycle plants growth recogniztion algorithm to provide optimal environment according to the growth phases of each plant.he productivity can be raised by using cycle-by-cycle plant growth recognition monitoring system because it optimally controls the environment by cycle that is required for plant growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.487-498
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• 2010

This article presents an effect of deicer such as $CaCl_2$(calcium chloride) and EFD(Eco-Friendly Deicer) composed by organic acids on the survival and growth of plant. Pine and bush clover which are main natural species on the road side, and young radish and kidney bean which are cultivation species used in this test that responses of survival and growth were analyzed as grade concentration of deicers. Bush clover showed the most sensitive survival response among 4 species to the deicer. Pine growth didn't have statistical significance as the kind of deicers and concentration variation, but growths of bush clover and kidney bean showed growth inhibition in concentration more than 3% of $CaCl_2$ and EFD1. The results of survival and growth for $CaCl_2$(calcium chloride) demonstrated that young radish and pine are tolerant species and bush clover and kidney bean are sensitive species. Although EFD1 manufactured by chemical showed the negative effect on the survival and growth of plants, EFD2 made with waste compost was confirmed that it has the positive influence to the survival and growth of the both sensitive and tolerant plant species for chloride.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1992

To determine the efficacy of uniconzaole[(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethy 2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol)](XE-1019) as a phytoprotectant against $O_3$ injury in tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Pink Glory'), plants were given a 50ml soil drench of uniconazole solution at concentrations of 0.001, 0,01, 0.1 and 0.2mg/pot thirteen days prior to $O_3$ fumigation. All four uniconazole concentrations were effective in providing protection against $O_3$ exposure(16h at 0.3 ppm). Uniconazole treatment above 0.001 mg/pot significantly reduced stem elongation, leaf enlargement, leaf area and fresh weight of plant, whereas increased chlorophyll concentration. Transpiration rate on a whole plant basis was reduced by uniconazole treatment and $O_3$ exposure. Uniconazole reduced ethylene production induced by $O_3$ injury but had little or no effect on defoliation of cotyledons and leaf epinasty. Activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were slightly increased by application of uniconazole. With increasing exposure time, $O_3$ increased POD activity but decreased SOD activity. The phytoprotective effects of uniconazole were diminished by applying gibberellin at $10{\sim}20$ ppm. These results suggest that the phytoprotective effects of uniconazole are related to its role of increasing activities of free radical scavengers such as POD and SOD, in addition to growth-retardation as an anti-gibberellin.