• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.630-635
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• 2000

The concentration of neurotransmitters in rat brain was determined by HPLC-ECD (electrochemical detection) method and the effects of methanol extracts of some crude drugs, such as Polygala Radix, Myristicae Semen, Zizyphi Semen, Acori graminei Rhizoma, Visci Herba, Liriopsis Tuber, Myrrha on the concentration of neurotransmitters in the ethanol-treated rat brain were investigated. By the administration of ethanol, dopamine (DA), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and serotonin (5-HT) levels in frontal cortex and 5-HT level in hippocampus were significantly increased compared with the neurotransmitter levels in the brain of saline-treated rats. The ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level in frontal cortex was decreased by the same treatment. There was a tendency that the DA level in frontal cortex and striatum of ethanol-treated rats were increased by the administration of crude drug extracts. Especially, Myrrha and Visci Herba significantly increased the DA level of frontal cortex in ethanol-treated rats, while they significantly decreased the 5-HT level in the same region of the brain. GABA level in striatum of ethanol-treated rats was significantly decreased by Myristicae Semen, Visci Herba and Myrrha. These results suggest that the tested crude drug extracts have selective interaction with neurotransmitters in specified region of central nervous system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.1 s.128
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• pp.64-68
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• 2002

Eighty methanol extracts prepared from Vietnamese plants were tested for their cytotoxic activity against A549 cells, a human lung carcinoma cell line. Nine extracts showed survival rates of tumor cells of less than 30% at $100\:{\mu}g/mL$ of the methanol extracts. Among them, three were less than 15%; Meliosma pinnata (VK03, 4%), Goniothalamus vietnamensis (VK05, 06, 0%), Garcinia sp. (VK50, 51, 0%) and Aglaia aphanamixis (VK63, 11%). Both leaf and root extracts of Goniothalamus vietnamensis and the leaf extract of a Garcinia species completely inhibited the growth of A549 cells at the concentration of $100\:{\mu}g/mL$ methanol extract.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1997

The antimicrobial and GTase(Glucosyltransferase) inhibition activity were investigated for solvent fractions of Gall-nut, variety of fork drugs and Red-grape husk water extracts. Among them, Gall-nut and Red-grape husk water extracts were selected for the powerful antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity. The methanol fractions of Gall-nut and Red-grape husk were showed very powerful antimicrobial activity on both B. subtilis and E. coli. The MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of gall-nut methanol fraction were 1.0mg/ml for B. subtilis and 3.0mg/ml for E. coli. Red-grape husk were 2.0mg/ml for B. subtilis and 3.0mg/ml for E. coli. The methanol fractions of Gall-nut and Red-grape husk were showed very powerful Gtase inhibition activity. The concentrations of these fractions for 80% inhibition of GTase activity were 1.08$\times$10-3mg/ml and 1.08$\times$10-2mg/ml, respectively. The principal compound for the antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity in tese extracts seems to be polyphenol derivatives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.327-327
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 간손상에 대한 해독제의 연구 및 안전성 평가연구로서 H$_2$-rcccptor길항제와 한방에서 건위역으로 이용되는 생약추출물 (생강, 정향 및 후박나무의 수피추출물, 강활, 시호, 토복령 및 금은화)이 화합물로 유발된 간독성에 미치는 효과를 고찰하였다. 또한 식물의 2차 대사산물로서 식품, 의약품 및 화장품 향신료 등의 첨가제로 이용되는 monotcrpcnoids중 $\alpha$-pinene, limonenc, gcraniol 및 cincol 이 phase II 효소계중 glutathione S-transferase(GST)의 class alpha 및 mu family계 효소와 microsomal cpoxidc hydrolase(mEH)의 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.164-164
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• 1996

생약(5kg)을 분말로 한 뒤, MeOH 4$\ell$로 24시간, 2회, 환류추출, 추출액을 감압 농축하여 MeOH ex. (450g)을 얻었다. 이것을 물에 현탁시켜 헥산, 벤젠, 에틸아세테이트, 수층으로 분획, L1210 세포에 대하여 이들 분획물과 vincristine의 병용효과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 벤젠분획물에서 강한 효과가 있었으므로 컬럼크로마토그라피하여 물질을 분리하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.860-868
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• 1997

The effects of oil unsaponifiables (8 species) and methanolic plant extracts (53 species) on the thermal oxidation of oils during 14 or 16 hour heating at $180^{\circ}C$ were studied by analyzing the fatty acid composition of soybean oil or cottonseed oil. All the unsaponifiables tested did not show any antioxidative activities on the thermal oxidation of soybean oil. However, among the 53 species of methanolic plant extracts, some species (Rheum undulatum L., Chelidonium majus L. var. asiaticum and Eugennia caryopyllata T.) showed very strong antioxidative activities on the thermal oxidation of cottonseed oil. The antioxidative activities of methanolic extracts of these 3 species on thermal oxidation of cottonseed oil during an extended heating period were also studied by heating cottonseed oils for 7 hours a day for 8 days at $180^{\circ}C$. The methanolic extracts of Chelidonium majus L. v. asiaticum and Eugennia caryopyllata T. greatly reduced both polymer formation and linoleic acid decomposition after the 8 day heating at $180^{\circ}C$. However, the methanolic extracts of Rheum undulatum L. was effective for the reduction of polymer formation, but not for the reduction of linoleic acid decomposition.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2004

The effect of ultrasonification on immuno-stimulatory activities of the extracts from Ephedra sinica Stapf and Rubus coreanus Miq. was observed by the growth of human immune cells. The extraction yields from water extracts and water extract with ultrasonification at 40$^{\circ}C$, 60$^{\circ}C$ and 100$^{\circ}C$ were compared. The highest yield was observed enhancement ratio 2.34% in the extract at 40$^{\circ}C$ with ultrasonification. The growth of human T-cell was increased up to 13.8${\times}$10$^4$ viable cells/$m\ell$ in adding 1.0 g/L of the ultrasonification extracts. The treated extracts increased the specific secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ up to 10.5${\times}$10$\^$-4/ pg/cell. It was suggested that of the extracts on water the extraction yield with ultrasonification compared improved the extraction with ultrasonification of low than.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1996

한국산 동백나무겨우살이(Pseudixus japonicus) 추출물의 암치료를 위한 생약으로서 활성 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 메탄올, 석유에테르, 클로로포름, 초산 에틸 용매로 순차적으로 추출하여 겨우살이 추출물의 다섯 가지 분획을 얻어, 이에 대하여 in vitro로 1차와 2차 검색 시스템을 사용해 항암활성 성분을 체계적으로 검색하였다. 다섯 가지 분획 중 클로로포름 가용성 분획이 1차 검색 세포인 $P388D_1$에 대해 가장 높은 항암활성을 나타내어 MSB1, NIH/3T3, SNU-1, SNU-C2A 등 2차 검색 시스템에 대해 클로로포름 가용성 분획의 항암활성을 다양한 농도하에서 비교 검색하였다. 혈액암 세포중 특히 $P388D_1$의 생장이 클로로포름 추출물에 의해 강하게 저해되었으며, 형질전환된 생쥐의 태아 섬유아세포와 사람의 대장암, 위암세포들도 어느 정도의 생육저해를 나타내었다. 이 클로로포름 가용성 분획의 주성분은 원소분석, 발색시약과의 반응, IR, GC-MS, $^{13}C$-NMR의 스펙트럼의 결과로 세 종류의 알칼로이드 화합물로 확인되었고, 부성분으로는 지방산 메틸 에스테르와 프탈라이드 화합물이 MS 스펙트럼을 통해 동정되었다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2021

Red yeast rice has been extensively used as food and traditional medicine for thousands of years in East Asian countries. It is produced by the fermentation of a particular yeast (in general, Monascus purpureus) as rice and various cereals (barley, soybean, etc.). Monascus sp. produces many secondary metabolites during its growth, including pigments, monacolins, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Some metabolites―specifically, monacolin K, γ-aminobutyric acid, dimerumic acid, and monascus pigments―have been reported to lower cholesterol and blood pressure while showing anti-obesity effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of ethanol extract from red yeast barley (RYB) fermented with Monascus sp. BHN-MK 2 on 3T3-L1 cells. The anti-obesity effects of RYB extract were examined: its lipid accumulation inhibitory effect was tested by Oil Red O staining, and obesity-related mRNA expression levels were tested by real-time RT-PCR in MDI stimulated 3T3-L1 cells. The intracellular lipid content of MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells decreased significantly to 5.04%, 12.24%, and 23.52% in response to 200, 400, and 800 ㎍/ml RYB, respectively. Moreovers, we evaluated that RYB extract significantly downregulated the expression of C/EBPα, SREBP-1, and PPAR-γ gene in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, red yeast barley ethanol extracts exerted the strongest anti-obesity effects. Also, the results indicate that red yeast barley could be used as a functional anti-obesity food material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.844-850
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• 2013

In this study, the optimal extraction conditions for three medicinal herbs as functional sources against inflammatory and arthritic diseases were developed. Traditional medicinal herbs were screened for their inhibition of hyaluronidase (HAse) activity and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. For the screening of anti-inflammatory properties, ethanolic extracts of 53 species of traditional medicinal herb were examined. We confirmed that Astragalus membranaceus (A.R.), Schisandra chinensis (S.F.), and Platycodon grandiflorum (P.G.) inhibit NO production. For extraction from all three herbs simultaneously, an ethanol concentration of 95%, a 1:2:1 mixture ratio, and at 50 rpm mixing speed, for over 12 h and at $30^{\circ}C$ was the best condition for optimal extract yield and NO inhibition effects. HAse inhibition from the three herb extraction was three fold higher than single samples. The ethanol extracts were fractionated with various solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water). The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the herb mixture showed the highest extract yield (13%) and NO inhibition effects (73%). In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence that a mixture of P.G., A.R., and S.F. could be used as a source of antioxidant ingredients in the food industry.