• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.20-31
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• 2019

Sensory perception of food/beverage products is one of the most important quality factors to determine consumer acceptability and thus sensory discrimination methodology has been a vital tool for quality management. Signal detection theory(SDT) and Thurstonian modeling provide the most advanced psychometric approach to modeling various discrimination methods. In these theories, perceptual and cognitive decisional factors are considered so that, a fundamental measure of sensory difference (d') can be computed, independent of test methods used. In this paper, sensory discrimination analysis based on SDT and Thurstonian modeling is introduced for more accurate and systematic applications of sensory and hedonic quality management in industry. Ways to realize the statistical power and relative sensitivity of sensory discrimination methods theorized in SDT and Thurstonian modeling in practice, are also discussed by using a case study of the Nongshim quality management program for drinking water in which SDT A-Not A test methodology was further optimized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2003

해양 심층수는 저온 안정성, 부영양성 및 인공물질에 오염되지 않은 해양수로서 오늘날 많은 분야에서 사용 가능성이 대두되고 있다. 해양 심층수를 음료나 식품, 화장품 등에 이용하였을 경우 나타나는 효과의 일부는 미네랄 특성과 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 심층수를 원료로 한 음료수에는 혈행개선 효과가 있으며, 심층수를 생수로 섭취하였을 경우 혈중 콜레스테롤치을 유의적으로 낮추는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 간장의 인지질 값도 낮춘다는 연구보고가 있다. 또한 해양심층수는 아토피성 피부염에 효과가 있으며, 식품의 맛을 개선하는 것으로도 알려져 있다. 우리나라의 대표적인 음식인 김치는 배추, 무 둥을 식염으로 절여 각종 채소류 및 향신료를 첨가한 후 젖산발효를 적절하게 시켜 숙성한 채소발효식품으로 세계적인 음식으로서 각광받고 있다. 이 중 무는 천일염이나 정제염에 절여서 깍두기나 동치미 등에 사용되기도 하며, 김치의 재료로 배추 다음으로 이용율이 높은 김치소재이다. 무는 절임여하에 따라서 김치의 맛, 품잘, 미생물의 번식속도, 저장성 등이 변화하며, 절임이 중요한 품질요소로 알려져 있다. 소금의 종류 및 소금의 사용방법에 따른 무의 품질특성의 변화에 대한 연구들이 있으나 해양 심층수염을 이용하여 무를 절임시 품질특성에 대한 연구는 이루어져 있지 않는 실정이다. 이에 본 실험에서는 해양 심층수염에 무의 절임에 따라 무의 절임 특성 변화를 관찰하였다. 해양 심층수염과 천일염을 이용하여 무를 절임할 경우 수축율, 염도, 물성의 특성 변화를 관찰하였다. 해양 심층수염을 가지고 무를 절임할 경우 특성 변화를 살펴본 결과 수축률은 절임 8시간 이후에 해양 심층수염으로 절임한 경우가 천일염으로 절임한 경우보다 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 해양 심층수염이 천일염보다 더 높은 염도를 나타내며 절임되었다. 젤리강도는 절임시간이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 절임 염도가 높을수록 젤리강도는 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 무의 연도(Softness)는 심층수염이 천일염보다 높은 값을 나타냄으로서 해양 심층수염에 절일 때 더 부드러운 물성을 나타냄을 볼 수 있었다. 견고성은 해양 심층수염에 절임하는 것이 천일염에 절임하는 것보다 더 높은 값을 나타났다. 해양 심층 수염이 천일염보다 빨리 무 조직에 손상을 줌으로 절임을 단축시키지만 절임시간이 연장되면 오히려 무 조직의 손상을 완화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 김치맛과 발효에도 영향을 미치는 품질 요인이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 해양 심층수염을 이용하여 김치발효시 특성 변화에 대해 더 구체적인 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2009

한국사회가 저출산 고령화와 고학력화의 추세, 전지구화, 지식정보화라는 세계적인 흐름을 고려할 때 앞으로도 향후 지속적인 이주인구의 유입은 불가피한 실정이다. 특히 결혼이민자들은 한국사회에서 적응하기 위한 언어와 문화적 적응을 극복하지 못한 상태에서 그들 자녀들을 교육해야 되는 열악한 환경적인 문제에 봉착하게 된다. 더구나 다문화가족 자녀는 2008년 5월을 기준으로 58,007명으로 전체 외국인 주민의 6.5%를 차지하며 다문화가족의 자녀 중 6세 이하가 57.1%로 상당히 높은 비율을 차지함을 고려해볼 때 현재 초 중등학생들을 대상으로 하는 연구는 시사점이 크다고 하겠다. 특히 전남지역의 다문화가족은 전국 최고의 비율을 차지하고 있으며 총 5,919 가족 중 영유아기와 학령기에 포함되어 있는 다문화가족 자녀 재학생수는 1,479명으로 집계되고 있다(행정안전부, 2008). 이렇게 교육대상자로서 점점 증가하고 있는 다문화가족의 학생들이 전남지역에 상당수 집중되어 있다. 이렇게 유입되는 이주자 중 결혼이민으로 인한 그 자녀의 자아존중감과 학교생활적응은 주요한 사회문제로 대두되고 있다. 그간의 연구들의 대부분은 이주여성의 생활실태와 일상에서 겪는 다양한 문제점에 초점을 맞추고 있을 뿐 그들 가정의 자녀들에 대한 연구는 미흡한 편이다. 이 연구는 2차 사회화 과정에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 학교생활에서 다문화가족 학생들의 자아존중감과 학교생활적응에 관하여 전남 동부지역 일부를 초 중등교사들을 대상으로 어떻게 인지하고 있는지를 연구하였다. 연구방법은 교사들을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 인구학적 특성, 다문화가족 학생들의 자아존중감 및 학교생활적응 관련 인식들을 조사하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS Win 12.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, t-test 및 일원배치 분산분석을 실시하였다. 교사의 성별, 학교급 별, 농촌과 도시지역, 학교규모, 학년, 교육경력에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.147-153
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• 2016

To investigate the impact of the number of runners developed from daughter plants during seedling on sapling growth and development during phase of first cluster, we examined four treatment groups that had 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, and 9-10 runners. As of June $5^{th}$, the group with 9-10 runners showed the highest number of saplings with more than 2 leaves, followed by groups with 7-8, 5-6, and 3-4 runners. Although observation on June $25^{th}$ and July $15^{th}$ showed a similar tendency for sapling numbers, no significant difference was detected between groups with 7-8 and 9-10 runners. The length of runners in the treated groups was similar to that in groups with 3-4 and 5-6 runners, with lengths of 49.4 mm and 48.0 mm, respectively, but runner length was significantly shorter in the group with 7-8 runners. Both the thickness and the weight of runners were highest in the group with 3-4 runners. The growth and development of daughter plants and root weight were similar between the groups with 3-4 and 5-6 runners, whereas both values were lower in groups with 7-8 and 9-10 runners. While stem crown thickness values were 8-7 mm and 8.5 mm in groups with 3-4 and 5-6 runners, respectively, groups with 7-8 and 9-10 runners had thinner stems of 7.1 mm and 6.2 mm, respectively. The fresh weight of saplings decreased as the number of runners increased. From the phase first cluster, leaf area and fresh weight were remarkably low in groups with 7-8 and 9-10 runners. Taken together, these results can be used to increase the production of high-quality saplings by providing a foundation for studies to investigate the impact of the number of runners developed from daughter plants on growth and development during the seedling period and the phase first cluster.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the effects of lemon ice and water ice on decreasing thirst of the patients with nasal surgery. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for the study. The level of thirst and oral assessment were measured. A total of 60 subjects was recruited; 30 subjects for the experimental group in which lemon ice was provided and the other 30 subjects were in the control group in which on water ice was administered. Results: The scores of thirst were decreased in both lemon ice and water ice group. But it appeared that the score of thirst in the experimental group is significantly lower than that of the control group. Moreover, the score of the assessment of the patient's oral cavity was also significantly improved in the experimental group than that of the control group. Conclusion: The lemon ice seems an effective and easy-to-apply intervention in reducing thirst and mouth dryness over water ice in nursing practice.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.spc1
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• pp.827-832
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• 2020

The catchment management experiences of the Evian natural mineral water (NMW) bottling company were reviewed. Evian is among the leading brands of bottled NMW in France, exporting worldwide and becoming a role model for companies in many countries due to its long-term experiences in sustainably managing NMW source areas. Experiences of bottled water companies in France show that they are incessantly moving forward with proactive and advanced ideas to meet environmental challenges. For business sustainability, companies are dedicated to improving their environmental performance through effective and planned resource management. Evian has been working with the local community in a spirit of co-ownership to invent and preserve the water resource and fulfill its ambition of sustainable industrial functioning. The partnership aims to balance the protection of the NMW resource and sustainable agricultural development within the catchment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.910-917
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• 1995

Analytical conditions for single column ion chromatographic determination of five anions such as F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42- were optimized with respect to analysis time and separation efficiency. At the optimum condition of 2.0 mM phthalic acid at pH 4.5, five anions were effectively separated in 10 minutes so that analysis time could be reduced by 40% compared to other recommended conditions. Under this condition all the calibration curves of five anions were linear with a correlation coefficient > 0.999. Analytical results for nine commercial bottled waters were presented.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.356-362
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• 1999

Humans may lose considerable amounts of water and electrolytes from sweat during exercise in a hot climate. Optimal ingestion of fluid-replacement beverages may overcome an obstacle factor of exercise performance in the heat. This study was performed the comparison of heart rate and blood lactate between ingestion of Prunus mume solution and water solution during graded maximal exercise using bicycle ergometer in the heat(ambient temperature of 31-32$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50-55%). Ten healthy no-heat-acclimatized males participated in the study. Exercise duration until all-out of graded testing in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion(786.15$\pm$47.66s) was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Heart rate at 4 min during graded testing and recovery phase in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Blood lactate concentration at 30min of recovery phase after graded maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Recovery rate of blood lactate concentration at 15 min and 30 min of recovery phase after grated maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Present results suggested that ingestion of Prunus mume solution showed the positive effects on the cardiorespiratory function and acid-base regulation as compared with ingestion of water during graded maximal exercise and recovery phase in hot environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2024

The low-temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) is a crucial factor in the development of space-grade resistors for temperature stability. Consequently, extensive research is underway to achieve zero TCR. In this study, resistors were deposited by co-sputtering nickel-chromium-based composite compositions, metals showing positive TCR, with SiO₂, introducing negative TCR components. It was observed that achieving zero TCR is feasible by adjusting the proportion of negative TCR components in the deposited thin film resistors within certain compositions. Additionally, the correlation between TCR and deposition conditions, such as sputtering power, Ar pressure, and surface roughness, was investigated. We anticipate that these findings will contribute to the study of resistors with very low TCR, thereby enhancing the reliability of space-level resistors operating under high temperatures.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2007

Purpose : To determine the diagnostic accuracy of four different sequences : moderately T2 weighted, two heavily T2-weighted single shot turbo spin-echo sequence and breath-hold axial-2D balanced turbo field-echo sequence(bFFE) for characterization of focal lesions. Materials and Methods : During the 3-month period between June and August 2005, seventy-six patients were proved to have ninety-three focal hepatic lesions on MR imaging. The patients consisted of 49 men and 27 women (age range, 15-75 years; mean age, 56.23 years). All MR images were acquired on a 1.5-T MR using the following sequences: 1. A breath-hold axial T2-weighted single shot turbo spin-echo sequence, 2. a breath-hold axial-2D balanced turbo field-echo sequence. Two radiologists performed quantitative analysis. Another radiologist measured the lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio at the region-of-interest in the four sequences. Results : There was no significant difference in inter-observer variability between the four sequences. The accuracy for both cyst and malignancy of moderate T2 weighted MRI (echo time: 80 msec) was also highest. There was significant difference for lesion characterization between moderate T2 weighted MRI and balanced steady state procession (p-value: 0.004) in the second reader. For longer echo time, the CNR of cystic lesions were markedly increased in comparison to lesions of other component. Conclusion : The accuracy and inter-observer variability of single shot turbo spin echo T2 weighted sequence was higher than bFFE. Although there was no statically significant difference, moderate T2 weighted MRI (echo time: 80 msec) was more accurate than heavily T2 weighted sequence (echo time: 300 msec). If the results for lesion characterization is equivocal in TE 80, the addition of heavily T2 weighted MRI (echo time: 180 msec) can be helpful.