• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.230-245
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• 2024

Amphibians, sensitive to external environmental changes, serve as bioindicator species for assessing alterations or disturbances in local ecosystems. It is known that one-third of amphibian species within the order Anura are at risk of extinction due to anthropogenic threats such as habitat destruction and fragmentation caused by urbanization. To develop effective protection and conservation strategies for anuran amphibians, species surveys that account for population characteristics are essential. This study aimed to investigate the potential for citizen participation in ecological monitoring using the mating calls of anura species. We also proposed suitable quality control measures to mitigate errors and biases, ensuring the extraction of reliable species occurrence data. The Citizen Science project was carried out nationwide from April 1 to August 31, 2022, targeting 12 species of anura amphibians in Korea. Citizens voluntarily participated in voice signal monitoring, where they listened to anura species' mating calls and recorded them using a mobile application. Additionally, we established a quality control process to extract reliable species occurrence data, categorizing errors and biases from citizen-collected data into three levels: omission, commission, and incorrect identification. A total of 6,808 observations were collected during the citizen participation in anura species vocalization monitoring. Through the quality control process, errors and biases were identified in 1,944 (28.55%) of the 6,808 data. The most common type of error was omission, accounting for 922 cases (47.43%), followed by incorrect identification with 540 cases (27.78%), and commission with 482 cases (24.79%). During the Citizen Science project, we successfully recorded the mating calls of 10 out of the 12 anuran amphibian species in Korea, excluding the Asian toads (Bufo gargarizans Cantor), Korean brown frog (Rana coreana). Difficulties in collecting mating calls were primarily attributed to challenges in observing due to population decline or discrepancies between the breeding season of non-emergent individuals and the timing of the citizen science project. This study represents the first investigation of distribution status and species emergence data collection through mating calls of anura species in Korea based on citizen participation. It can serve as a foundation for designing future bioacoustic monitoring that incorporates citizen science and quality control measures for citizen science data.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-135
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• 2018

Plaintive Cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) is a small cuckoo species in Family Cuculidae that is mainly distributed in the Oriental Region. On May 1. 2016, one juvenile Plaintive Cuckoo was found at Somaemuldo Island, Korea ($34^{\circ}37^{\prime}38.73^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ $128^{\circ}33^{\prime}0.44^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$). The bird was identified as C. merulinus by its morphological traits, especially primary projection, the shape of bars on tertials, and pale supercilium. These characteristics were distinctive from other similar small cuckoos in genus Cacomantis and Cuculus, during the field observation and examination of photographs. This record is the first of this species in Korea, and the northernmost record of this species.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2003

People are surrounded with numerous sounds. The sound is generated from nature and people. For example, the sound enables people or animal responsive to instinctive action. Music or fine arts are presented differently by its distinctive medium. On the other hand, those art forms are similar in a way that people uses right side of brain and intuitions for creative effects. Conjunctions between sounds and visual arts have been progressed to data. From art forms in subjective views to art forms using high technology such as the computer, experiments for sounds visualization are practiced constantly. For that reason, intrinsic attributes of sounds in design area and distinctive qualities are discussed in this study. With respect to existing category of studies and consideration of the tendency in recent researches, the object is to propose direction for the study in regards to methodology of design, which is reconstructing visualized expression.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.226-244
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• 1998

The relationship between the transport of eggs and larvae of Anchovy (Engraulis japonica) and the oceanic condition in the southern sea of Korea was examined on August and November 1996. In summer (August), when the Tsushima Warm Current is strong near to the coast, the warm waters such as warm streamers from the Tsushima Warm Current intrude into the coastal area, and cyclonic circulations are formed. The warm water intrusions also generate wakes around Komun Island, Sori Island and Koje Island. In the coastal area where the warm water intrusions occur, the nutrients, dissolved oxygen, suspended solid and chlorophyll are concentrated in probably relation to the upwelling concerned with this warm streamer and/or the wakes. Anchovy eggs and larvae are transported to the coastal area by the cyclonic circulations. The hatching and growth of anchovy larvae are increased because of high primary production in the cyclonic circulations. However, as the amount of Copepods which are a main food for anchovy larvae decrease in the coastal area, anchovy larvae seem to move to the Isushima Warm Water area for seeking a prey. In autumn (November), the Tsushima Warm Current is far away from the coast. In this season the warm water intrusions almost disappear, and the small scaled frontal eddies are formed between the coastal water and the Tsushima Warm Water. As the surface water moves towards offshore, few anchovy eggs and larvae were sampled in the survey area. Chemical and biological substances are concentrated in the leftdown sides of the small scaled frontal eddies because of eddy formation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.269-277
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• 2000

When Persicaria thunbergii and Rumex crispus were treated with Cd($NO_3$)$_2$ and Pb($NO_3$)$_2$ of 5 or 10 mM for 5 days, the amount of bioaccumulation of $Pb^{2+}$ in the leaf of P. thunbergii was 2.87-8.08$\mu\textrm{g}$/g and that of $Cd^{2+}$ was 0.82-2.79$\mu\textrm{g}$/g. In the case of P. thunbergii, the concentration of $Pb^{2+}$ in the leaf was higher than that of $Cd^{2+}$. On the other hand, in R. crispus, the concentration of $Cd^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ were similar as follows ; 1.49$\mu\textrm{g}$/g in $Cd^{2+}$ 5mM, 2.90$\mu\textrm{g}$/g in Cd2+ 10mM, 1.83$\mu\textrm{g}$/g in $Pb^{2+}$ 5mM and 2.73$\mu\textrm{g}$/g in $Pb^{2+}$ 10mM. The remaining rate of heavy metals and the variation of pH in the cultured soil decreased as compared with control (100 % and pH 6.48) after 5 days as follows; to 77.l% and pH 6.39 in $Cd^{2+}$ 5mM, 90.2% and pH 5.79 in $Cd^{2+}$ 10 mM, 81.1% and pH 6.00 in $Pb^{2+}$ 5mM, and 85.7% and pH 5.80 in $Pb^{2+}$ 10 mM. The result of size exclusion chromatography, several phytochelatins were seperated from the extract of the leaf of both plants treated with heavy metals. The molecular mass of these phytochelatins were estimated as follows; in the case of P. thunbergii, about 4,300-8,600 da by $Cd^{2+}$ and about 3,200-9,700 da by $Pb^{2+}$, and in R. crispus, about 4,300 da by $Cd^{2+}$ and about 3,200-7,500 da by $Pb^{2+}$. In addition, $A_{254}$ of these phytochelatins were higher than $A_{280}$. [Phytochelatin, Persicaria thunbergii, Rumex crispus]

• The Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5 s.324
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• pp.71-75
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• 1996

아프거나 피로를 느낄 때 말 또는 신음소리로 호소하듯 다리나 건물도 지나친 피로가 겹치거나 무너질 정도의 압력이 걸리면 스스로 이런 위급사태를 알리는 방법은 없을까? 지진이 일어날 때 스스로 보강하고 금이 가면 자발적으로 틈새를 메우는 다리나 건물을 만들 수는 없을까? 또 생물처럼 필요하다면 스스로 구조를 바꾸고 피해를 입으면 수리하고 나이를 먹으면 우아하게 은퇴할 수 있는 구조물을 만들 수 없을까? 21세기에는 이런 살아있는 지능재료들이 등장하여 성수대교와 삼풍백화점과 같은 대형구조물의 붕괴사건을 미리 막을 수 있게 될지 모른다.

• 전기의세계
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.70-71
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• 1978

회로망이론 및 시스템의 관심분야는 이론과 실제 및 새로 출현하는 기술과 연관하는 분야이며 다음과 같이 구분할 수 있다. 1)회로와 시스템의 해석과 설계에 대한 새로운 개념과 접근방법이다. 회로와 시스템은 대형회로와 시스템 집적회로를 포함한 디지탈 아날로그 소리드스테이트회로 수동 및 능동필터, 집중 및 마이크로웨이브회로망, 비선형 및 시변회로와 시스템, 그라프이론과 응용, 아날로그와 디지탈 신호로세싱시스템, 다차충필터에 관한 것. 2)컴퓨터협조기술로서 여기에는 해석, 설계, 레이아웃, 회로와시스템의 시험과 제작, 그리고 신산법과 사용자 오리엔트된 언어가 포함된다. 3)신호프로세싱, 통신, 계장과 제어에 있어서 모델화, 해석, 응용을 포함하는 신장치와 회로 4)생물학적 경제학적 시스템의 회로개념과 기술의 응용 등이다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.26-28
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• 1966

저자들은 1964년 경기도 광릉의 소리봉 일대에서 채집된 표본을 정리하였던 바 Mycocrosophila 속의 신종 2종을 얻었기에 신고하는 바이다. Mycodrosophila biceps sp.nov. 국명 : 쌍흑-버섯초파리(신칭) Mycodrosophila planipalpis sp. nov. 국명' 광능-버섯초파리(신칭) Mycodrosophila 속은 현재까지 약 40 종이 기재되었으며 한국에서는 9 종이 알려져있다. 이번에 저자들이 2 종을 추가하여 한국산 Mycodrosophila 속은 모두 11 종이된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

Five call types of the genus Hyla in habitats around South Korea were classified according to some attributes of their advertisement calls (note duration, note intenral, dominant frequency, sonagram patterns. Among the call types, the E-type was more distinctive than the other call types in that it had a metal sound and much longer note duration and note intenral. This result indicated that some divergence had occurred in the advertisement call of the genus Hylo, though this was found in alimited number of regions and its occurrence was small.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.878-886
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• 2018

This study quantified the sounds of riffles and pools in natural rivers and conducted a comparative analysis of the frequency and sound pressure per flow velocity. The surveyed area was Namdaecheon basin in Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do and the sounds of a total of 23 sites were analyzed. A hydro microphone was used to measure the sound and analyze the data using an acoustic analysis program. The location was also selected at places with minimal ambient noise and the measurement points were the depth of riffles and pools. The results revealed an average difference of 0.515 m/s for flow velocity at 8 riffles and 15 pools. The difference in sound pressure occurred due to the flow velocity. In the case of sound pressure, it was measured at an average of 176.8 dB for riffles and 168.2 dB for pools, demonstrating a difference of approximately 8.6 dB. Furthermore, in the case of maximum sound pressure, riffles showed a constant range between 200 Hz and 250 Hz, while the pools exhibited maximum sound pressure at various frequencies from 200 Hz to 1,000 Hz. This revealed the ecological stream reproduction, development of preferred sound sources for aquatic life, and design of structures.