• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.62-73
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• 2015

The Tae-Jo Geonwolleung is the tomb of the first king Tae-Jo of the Joseon Dynasty in the complex of the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty which is listed in World Heritage, and it contains various types of stone properties. The material of the stone properties consist of a single type of medium-grained biotite granite, however, each properties have different intensity and types in deterioration phenomena according to their locations and purposes. The major deterioration types of the stones are analyzed as physical decomposition and biodeterioration. The exfoliation, breaking-out and granular decomposition are widespread types of the deterioration throughout the entire burial mound stone properties and surrounding stone properties. On the other hands, the colonization of mosses and plants, and contamination by foreign materials are found more frequent in the burial mound stone properties as these stones are in contact with the soil of the tomb mound and moisture in the soil helped biodeterioration. It is suggested that anti-biology treatment and physical reinforcement are applied to the deteriorated stones to prevent further damage on the stone components of the tomb.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.148.4-148
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.117-121
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• 2011

기존 국내의 자연형 하천복원사업은 인위적으로 정비된 하천을 대상으로 훼손된 자연성을 되살리기 위하여 물리적 환경의 개선을 중심으로 진행되었으며, 저수호안의 안정성과 더불어 식생 피복율을 높이는 등 형태적 복원을 중심으로 사업이 시행되어 왔다. 이러한 자연형 하천복원사업은 하천의 생태적 특성에 대한 고려가 미비하여 하천이 생물서식처로서의 기능을 수행하는 데에는 효과적이지 못하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 하천의 물리적 특성에 의하여 형성되는 생물서식처와 이에 반응하는 생물들의 상호관련성을 분석하여 생물들에게 적합한 서식환경을 제공할 수 있는 기술을 개발하며, 하천유역의 환경 훼손으로 인하여 개체수가 급감하고 있는 종을 복원 목표종으로 선정하여 개발된 기술을 현장에 시범적으로 적용하여 기술을 검증함으로써 생물을 중심으로 한 자연과 함께하는 하천복원기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우리나라의 중소하천을 대표할 수 있는 대표하천을 선정하여, 서식처 유형을 분류하고 각 서식처의 물리 화학 생태특성을 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 납자루아과 어종의 산란처 및 서식처로서의 역할을 하는 개방형 하도습지 조성 기술을 개발 및 시범적용 하였다.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.42
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• pp.27-40
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• 1995

동굴 생물의 실태를 조사한다는 것은 이 동굴이 그대로 살아 있는가 아니면 이미 폐허화된 동굴인가를 판가름할 수 있는 좋은 근거가 된다. 본 연구는 화암동굴의 동굴 생물들이 서식할 수 있는 생태환경을 조사 분석하고 이들 동굴 생물들의 분포 상태가 어떠한가를 연구 조사한 것이다. 앞으로 이들 동굴 생물의 생태 환경이 그대로 존속되고 있는지 아니면 훼손 오염되어 생태 환경이 보존되고 있지 아니한가를 비교 분석 관찰하는 자료가 될 것이다. 실지 현지 조사한 근거를 토대로 기록한 자료이기 때문에 이 연구 결과가 영원히 보존되어야 하겠다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2004

Due to the rapid increase of human population and economic development, the natural ecosystem has been severely degraded. To restore the degraded ecosystem is extremely urgent and an important task in China. High biodiversity status in the natural ecosystem in tropical and subtropical regions in China has given high attention to the conservationists. The recent trends to the ecological restoration on degraded ecosystem in the tropical and subtropical regions of China were discussed for four different ecological recovery types: watershed ecosystems, wetlands, mining wastelands and mountain forests. The successful restoration case studies in tropical and subtropical regions of China were also discussed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2005

The evaluation methods of river naturalness were reviewed, and one of the best methods was applied to three sample rivers-Narinchun, Bokhachun, Anyangchun. As a result, Narinchun with well preserved state, Bokhachun with being to restoration stage from the damaged, Anyangchun with severe damaged state showed 2$^{nd}$ , 3$^{rd}$ and 4$^{th}$ Grade. The application result shows the method is reliable for evaluating the damaged habitat in river. The method was improved on the evaluation items to apply lager river systems. This suggested method have 14 evaluation items with two category-river shape and river environment and five different Grades for evaluation degree according to state of natural closeness. The every 2,000-3,000m along the river system is recommended as the interval of evaluation unit. According to calssification of evaluation items, this method can supply various information related to river environment and ecology such as ecological deformation and diversity, cross sectional structure and continuity of river shapes..

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.591-603
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify changes of insect compositions and diversity after construction of an onshore wind farm. We investigated insect fauna and compositions between a grassland deforested by the construction and a forest located at Yeongdeok and Yeongyang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Insects were collected using a sweeping net and light trap. A total of 11 orders, 50 families, and 246 species, and 1,076 individuals were collected at study sites. By taxonomic group, Lepidoptera species were the most frequently found with 141 species, 417 individuals (38.8%), followed by Hymenoptera (20.6%), Hemiptera (16.2%), and Orthoptera (12.3%). There were also significant differences in insect species and community compositions between sites. Creating open-field deforested forests are beneficial for some insect groups such as Hymenoptera and Orthoptera. Our results suggest that deforesting by the construction of an onshore wind farm might affect the composition and diversity of insects. Results of this study provide basic data for research on onshore wind farms.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내 6곳의 풍혈의 기능과 식물분포를 통하여 풍혈의 보전대책과 관리방안을 위한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 진행하였다. 조사는 홍천 방내리, 정선 여탄리, 정선 운치리, 연천 동막리, 제천 금수산, 보은 구병산에 위치하는 풍혈 6곳을 선정하였고 풍혈에 기상측정장비를 설치하여 2021년 3월부터 2022년 3월까지 온도와 습도의 미기상요인을 측정하였다. 풍혈이 위치하는 지역의 미기상요인은 기상청 자료를 활용하였고 측정된 풍혈의 미기상요인과 비교 분석하였으며, 관속식물상은 계절별로 진행하여 각 풍혈에 서식하는 희귀식물과 북방계식물, 기후변화 취약식물을 분석하였다. 풍혈 6곳의 미기상요인 분석결과 온도는 보은 구병산 풍혈을 제외한 5곳의 풍혈은 여름철 냉혈의 기능을 나타냈고, 보은 구병산 풍혈은 겨울철 온혈의 기능을 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 습도는 6곳 모두 주변 지역보다 높게 나타났다. 멸종위기종 2급은 백부자, 산작약, 연잎꿩의다리 3분류군, 희귀식물은 산개나리, 월귤 등 23분류군, 북방계식물은 과남풀, 꽃개회나무 등 129분류군, 기후변화취약식물은 검종덩굴, 도깨비부채 등 23분류군으로 확인되었다. 풍혈은 기후변화 취약식물의 피난처로서 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났으나 산림유전자원보호구역으로 지정된 홍천 방내리 풍혈을 제외한 나머지 풍혈은 관리가 미흡하다. 정선 여탄리 풍혈은 인근 도로에서의 외래식물의 유입, 정선 운치리 풍혈은 인근의 양봉장과 관광객 등의 인간활동에 의한 훼손, 연천 동막리 풍혈은 인근 경작지 등의 사유지로 인한 관리의 어려움, 제천 금수산 풍혈은 관광지화로 인한 훼손, 보은 구병산 풍혈은 등산객의 답압으로 인한 훼손이 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 풍혈과 희귀 및 기후변화 취약식물들의 정기적인 모니터링과 풍혈 주변의 팬스 설치 등의 적극적인 보전방안이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2009

The Gyeongju Seokbinggo (Treasure No. 66) is an ice-storing stone warehouse, consisting mainly of alkaligranite which shows milky white color and medium-grained textures with drusy cavities. As results of deterioration assessment, the deterioration rates were determined as crack (12.5%), disjoining (6.7%), breaking-out (25.1%), exfoliation (20.9%), efflorescence (6.5%), brown discoloration (9.8%), darkgray discoloration (2.0%) and biological discoloration (36.5%). Comprehensive physical deterioration rate and discoloration rate were calculated as 43.7% and 68.7%, respectively, that indicates the Seokbinggo has been severely weathered. Indoor relative humidity was above 90% except in winter season. Indoor microclimate was hardly fluctuating although indoor microclimate was dependent on the outdoor climate. The main cause of deterioration was high relative humidity and a long time of wetness due to penetration of rain, underground water and condensation. It was identified that the water brought out biological discoloration, dissolution of minerals, structural movement and efflorescence, and the dust from the ground soil in front of the entrance accelerated brown and dark gray discoloration on the stone surface.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.16 s.16
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• pp.77-88
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• 2004

This study evaluates the occurrences, phyfical weathering and biological deterioration on rock properties during the dissection process an object of stone pagoda in the Mireuksaji temple site. For restoration and conservation, all kinds of rock properties are carried out detailed scientific investigation and diagnosis. Constituting rocks of the pagoda composed mainly of equi-granular medium grained biotite that rock properties presumed to be use about 3,000 materials. Main external properties of the pagoda are total 446 materials, and the rock properties under the concentration load on the each floors occurred with overlapping fracture, weathering and deteriorations. The 84 materials show highly degraded about $18.8\%$ among the external properties. Representative physicochemical deteriorations are fracture, loss, break, exfoliation, degradation, grain shaped dissolution, relief surface, discoloration and hydroxide precipitates, in this study, the deterioration state of each properties give a precisely description and analysis. Coverage of lichen and algae on the rock surface represented about $85\%$. As the some properties, biological contaminants withered up when spray rock surface with diluted cleaning chemicals. Results of the study are utilized an application for restoration system and detailed investigation during the dissection process of stone cultural properties.