• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.294-300
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• 2003

In the previous study, we have isolated several vaginal lactobacilli from Korean woman and selected one of them (KLB12) for further study, which was indentified as Lactobacillus fermentum by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Formulated L. fermentum KLB12 can be used for ecological treatment of bacterial vaginosis. For pharmaceutical formulation, the spray-drying process is required where stress such as high temperature is routinely applied. In this study, we found that heat stress at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 20∼30min reduced the viable cell population of KLB12 by 10$\sub$6/～10$\sub$9/. However, adaptation of KLB12 cells at 52$^{\circ}C$ made them more thermotolerant upon exposure to 60$^{\circ}C$. The level of thermal protection in RSM (reconstituted skim milk) by adaptation in acid (pH 5), cold (4$^{\circ}C$), ethanol (3％), NaCI (0.3M) was also examined. Although not as efficient as the homologous stress, adaptations in both cold and NaCI gave considerable cross protection against heat stress. When chloramphenicol was added during heat adaptation, adaptation effect was abolished. This suggests that de novo protein synthesis is necessary during the adaptation process. Important changes in proteome during heat adaptation was examined with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.209-218
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• 2009

Bacterial isolates collected from rhizosphere of turfgrass showed strong in vitro antagonistic activities against a number of turfgrass soilborne pathogens such as Rhizoctonia cerealis, R. solani AG-1(1B), Sclerotinia homoeocarpa and Typhula incarnata. In vivo study, four bacterial isolates selected have control values over 60% against one or more turfgrass pathogenic fungi. The antagonistic effects of the bacterial isolates varied depending on fungal species, host plant, and disease pressure, indicating that control effects of the antagonists could be variable depending on field conditions. They were classified as belonging to the genus Pseudomonas species, based on morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rRNA analysis. The four bacterial isolates are under a study for finding proper cultural conditions and determination formulation type.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.191-194
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• 1989

Bioequivalence test of $Asthcontin^{\circledR}$ tablet, a commercial slow-release theophylline (TP) dosage form, was performed using $Slo-bid^{\circledR}$ capsule as the reference. Since it has been confirmed that the saliva concentration of TP is closely correlated with the plasma concentration in man, the area under the saliva concentration-time curve was used as a bioavailability parameter. The statistical analysis showed that the two dosage forms are equivalent in bioavailability estimating from the saliva concentration. The results supported that the use of soliva as a test sample provides simple and easy techniques for bioequivalence tests of TP-containing dosage forms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.157-160
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• 1995

라니티딘은 최근 위궤양 및 십이지장 궤양의 치료에 통상적으로 많이 처방되는 히스타민 H$_2$ receptor antagonist로 작용하는 약물이다. 이 약물의 Pharma-cokinetics에 대해서는 동물 및 사람에 있어서 이미 많은 연구가 되어 있다(1-4). 수용성 약물인 라니티딘은 정상인에 있어서 경구투여 후 흡수가 신속하나 불완전한 것으로 알려져 있다(4). 경구투여 후 개개인에 따른 처고 혈중농도(Cmax)가 상당히 큰 차이를 보이며, 생체내 이용률(Bioavailability)은 평균 50% 이나 최저 27%에서 최고 88%에 이르기까지 넓은 범위를 보이고 있다. 더욱이 공복 시 경구투여 하거나(5-8), jejunum에 직접 bolus 투여후(9) 혹은 심지어는 정맥주사후의 경우(10)에도 소위 'double-peak phenomenon'이라고 불리 우는 최고 혈중농도에 있어서 bimodal pattern을 나타낸다. 이처럼 highly variable한 약물들은 생물학적 동등성(Bioequivalence) 측면에서 제제를 평가할 때 상당히 중요하고도 어려운 과제이므로, 현재 세계적인 issue가 되고 있다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 1998

Loxoprofen sodium (sodium 2-[4-(2-oxocyclopentylmethyl)phenyl] propionate dehydrate) is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug of $\alpha$-phenyl propionic acid derivative. To test the bioequivalence of loxoprofen, the pharmacokinetic parameters of new preparation of loxoprofen, LENOX was compared with LOXONIN as a reference drug. Fourteen healthy volunteers were entered to the stydy (Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital IRB approval No. 9608). They were administered 60 mg of loxoprofen in 2$\times$2 cross-over design. There was one week of drug-free interval between doses. The blood sample was taken on schedule up to 8 hours, and the plasma concentration loxoprofen was measured by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detector. There were no significant difference between two preparations when AUC, Cmax, and Tmax were compared by ANOVA. The mean differences of AUC, Cmax, and Tmax were within 20% of the reference drug: the values were 2.22,5.61, and 12.50%, respectively. The confidence limits of AUC and Cmax but not Tmax satisfied the bioequivalence criteria. These results suggest that the tested LENOX is bioequivalent to the reference drug.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 1994

Bioequivalence test of commercially available rifampicin capsules was performed. Sixteen volunteers were divided into 2 groups and the reference and test drug were given orally (450 mg) by cross-over design. Statistical evaluation of AUC, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ involved an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences of mean value in AUC, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between the reference and test drug were within 20% with reference drug. ANOVA showed no significant differences for ‘between group’, ‘drug’ and ‘period’, but not for ‘between subjects’. The power of test $(1-{\beta})\;of\;AUC\;and\;$C_{max}$ was larger than 0.8 and the confidence of bioavailability was $within\;{\pm}20%$. From these results, it was concluded that the two preparations were bioequivalent for AUC and $C_{max}$, but was not for $T_{max}$.

• 동물약계
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• no.90
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• pp.4-6
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• 2003

[ $\cdot$ ]동물약품 부가세 영세율 관련 자료 제출 $\cdot$닭 티푸스 예방약 사용용도 준수 철저 $\cdot$개 심장사상충 감염 예방 협조 요청 $\cdot$동물약사감시 행정처분 결과 홍보 $\cdot$판매실적 미보고업체 행정처분 조치 $\cdot$돼지콜레라바이러스 분양 승인 조치 $\cdot$국가검정 동물사 소독 관련 협조 요청 $\cdot$협회 제2차 이사회 개최 $\cdot$협회 제3차 이사회 개최 $\cdot$특수법인 가축위생방역지원본부 설립 $\cdot$농림부 및 검역원 인사 $\cdot$생물학적제제 알루미늄 캡 변경 협의 $\cdot$VIV China 2004 전시 희망업체 조사 $\cdot$전략물자 수출입통제 제도 안내 $\cdot$2004년도 병역지정업체 선정 신청 $\cdot$조합 2003년도 하반기 알찬거래선 선정 $\cdot$사랑의 닭고기 보내기 운동

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1993

본연구는 북방산개구리 여포난자의 자발적 성숙과 관련된 몇가지 요인들에 대해 조사하였다. 자발적 성숙을 일으키는 여포에서 여포조직을 제거하여 denuded 난자를 만든다음 배양했을 때에는 자발적 성숙을 일으키지 않았다. 이들 denuded 난자에 frog pituitary homogenate(FPH, 0.05 gland/ml)를 처리하여도 역시 성숙이 일어나지 않았으나 progesterone(P4, 0.5 Ig/ml)을 처리하였을 때에는 성숙이 일어났다. 동면기간에 여포들이 생성하는 P4와 testosterone(T)의 양을 측정해본 결과 동면초에는 비슷한 양의 P4와 T를 생성하였으나 후기에는 P4만 생성하고 T는 거의 생성하지 않았다. 배양액에 estradiol을 첨가하면 농도에 의존하여 FPH에 의해 촉진된 P4의 생성을 억제할 뿐 아니라 성숙도 비가역적으로 억제하였다. 배양액에 첨가한 hvpoxanthine은 CAMP와 항진적으로 난자의 성숙을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과들은 자발적 성숙과정에 여포세포와 P4/T 비율의 증가가 중요한 요인이 된다는 것과 일반적인 난자성숙억제제는 자발적 성숙을 역시 억제한다는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.162-171
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• 1994

이 자료는, 국제수역사무국(Office de International Epizooties : O.I.E.)에서 발행한 Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for List A and List B Diseases of Mammals, Birds and Bees(1992) (포유류, 조류, 꿀벌에 있어서의 A급 및 B급 질병에 대한 진단시약 및 예방백신에 대한 표준지침) 중에서 광견병(B8, Rabies)에 관한 내용(Chapter 22, 205-215)을 우리나라의 광견병 방역대책 수립과 생물학적 제제개발을 위한 참고자료로 활용하기 위하여 번역 소개한 것이다. 본래의 원저자는 프랑스의 Dr J. Blancou로서 프랑스 국립수의식품연구원(CNEVA) 산하의 광견병 및 야생동물 병리연구소(Laboratoire d'Etudes sul la Rage et de la Pathologie des Animaux Sauvages)에 책임자로 재직한 바 있으며, 1991년 이후 현재에는 국제수역사무국(O.I.E)의 사무총장(Director-general)직을 맡고 있다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the control efficacy of major environment-friendly control agents against powdery mildew, as affected by the application condition such as disease-developing stage and microclimate, as compared with the efficacy of pesticides in plug seedling of three Cucurbitaceae vegetables, including cucumber, melon, and oriental melon. Single or combined application of major six environment-friendly control agents was used in the experiment: two biofungicide (Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013 and Bacillus subtilis Y1336), two plant extracts (neem oil and extracts of Rheum undulatum), and two mineral materials (wettable sulfur powder and lime bordeaux mixture). These control agents were treated to the plug seedlings for preventing powdery mildew and curative applications for managing powdery mildew. In all treatments, the disease incidence declined as daily average temperatures increased to $30^{\circ}C$ for consecutive 6~8 days with maximum temperature over $40^{\circ}C$. In preventative application, the control efficacy against powdery mildew was the highest in the treatment of wettable sulfur powder, and lowest in the B. subtilis Y1336, with values of 20~40%. In cucumber seedlings, the preventive single application of neem oil or wettable sulfur powder was more effective than curative application of fungicides, while the control efficacy of these agents was similar to those of fungicides in melon seedlings. The single application of R. undulatum extracts was also effective in preventing the disease for both cucumber and melon seedlings, showing a higher control efficacy than those of biofungicides during seedling stage. The treatment of water spray was not effective and showed a higher disease incidence than the untreated control plot in the oriental melon and melon seedlings. The curative application with environment friendly control agents, after powdery mildew was first detected, could not successfully controlled the disease at the middle stage (5~10% of disease incidence) of disease development. The curative combined application of [R. undulatum extracts (1st application) + wettable sulfur powder (2nd) + neem oil (3rd)] showed the highest control efficacy among the other treatments, with control value over 80% at the early stage (less than 1% of disease incidence) of disease development.