• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.220-237
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• 2021

Since the functional importance of marine phytoplankton was firstly advocated from early 1880s massive data on the species composition and abundance were produced by classical microscopic observation and the advanced auto-imaging technologies. Recently, pigment composition resulted from direct chemical analysis of phytoplankton samples or indirect remote sensing could be used for the group-specific quantification, which leads us to more diversified data production methods and for more improved spatiotemporal accessibilities to the target data-gathering points. In quite a few cases of many long-term marine ecosystem monitoring programs the phytoplankton species composition and abundance was included as a basic monitoring item. The phytoplankton data could be utilized as a crucial evidence for the long-term change in phytoplankton community structure and ecological functioning at the monitoring stations. Usability of the phytoplankton data sometimes is restricted by the differences in data producers throughout the whole monitoring period. Methods for sample treatments, analyses, and species identification of the phytoplankton species could be inconsistent among the different data producers and the monitoring years. In-depth study to determine the precise quantitative values of the phytoplankton species composition and abundance might be begun by Victor Hensen in late 1880s. International discussion on the quality assurance of the marine phytoplankton data began in 1969 by the SCOR Working Group 33 of ICSU. Final report of the Working group in 1974 (UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science 18) was later revised and published as the UNESCO Monographs on oceanographic methodology 6. The BEQUALM project, the former body of IPI (International Phytoplankton Intercomparison) for marine phytoplankton data QA/QC under ISO standard, was initiated in late 1990. The IPI is promoting international collaboration for all the participating countries to apply the QA/QC standard established from the 20 years long experience and practices. In Korea, however, such a QA/QC standard for marine phytoplankton species composition and abundance data is not well established by law, whereas that for marine chemical data from measurements and analysis has been already set up and managed. The first priority might be to establish a QA/QC standard system for species composition and abundance data of marine phytoplankton, then to be extended to other functional groups at the higher consumer level of marine food webs.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.248-257
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• 2006

Total naturalized plant species in the streams of Jeonju were listed as 109 taxa; 24 families, 75 genera, 106 species, 3 varieties. Dividing by stream, Jeonju stream has 75 taxa; 20 families, 55 genera, 73 species, 2 varieties. Samcheon stream has 86 taxa; 19 families, 64 genera, 84 species, 2 varieties. Soyang stream has 80 taxa; 21 families, 60 genera, 77 species, 3 varieties. Urbanization Index (UI) of total streams (109 taxa) was 40.2%. UI was 27.7% in Jeonju stream (75 taxa), 31.7% in Samcheon stream (86 taxa), 29.5% in Soyang stream (80 taxa). Dividing by degree of naturalization classification, 25 taxa (9.2%) were found in class 5, 17 taxa (6.2%) in class 4, 32 taxa (11.8%) in class 3, 27 taxa (9.9%) in class 2 and 8 taxa (2.9%) in class 1. Dividing by introduction period, 48 taxa (44%) aye in period I, 19 taxa (17%) in period II, 42 taxa (39%) in period III. Dividing by growth type, 48 taxa (44%) are annuals, 25 taxa (23%) are biennials, 33 taxa (30%) are perennials. Dividing by the place of origin, 39 taxa (35%) are from Euyope, 33 taxa (30%) from North America, 11 taxa (10%) from Tropic America, 9 taxa (8%) from Europe Asia,5 taxa (5%) from South America, 5 taxa (5%) from China.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2002

Spatial distribution of Phytoplankton Pigment Concentration (PPC) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) around the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC) was described, using both Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) images and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images in May, 1980. Water mass in this region can be classified into five categories in the horizontal profile of PPC and SST, nLw (normalized water-leaving radiance) images: (1) coastal cold water region associated with concentrations of dissolved organic material or yellow colored substances and suspended sediments, (2) cold water region of thermal frontal occurred by a combination of phytoplankton absorption and suspended materials, (3) warm water overlay region by the phytoplankton absorption than the suspended materials; (4) warm water region occurred by the low phytoplankton absorption, and (5) offshore region occurred by the high phytoplankton absorption. In particular, the highest PPC (>2.0 mg/m^3) area appeared in the CZCS and AVHRR images with a band shaped distribution of the thermal front and ocean color front region, which is located the coastal cold waters alonB western thermal front of the warm streamer of the EKWC. In this region, the highest PPC occurred by a combination of the high absorption of the phytoplankton (443 nm) and highest reflectance of suspended materials (550 nm). Another high PPC ($\simeq$$6\;mg/m^3$) appeared in the warm water overlay region inside warm streamer. High phytoplankton pigment concentration of this region was corresponding to the short wavelength of 443 nm, which represented phytoplankton absorption of the CZCS image.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2000

Background : Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase is a natural inhibitor that counteracts pro teolytic enzymes essential to the invasion of cancer cell. Whether or not TIMP-2 gene transfer via adenovirus could inhibit the invasion of lung cancer cell iη vitro was evaluated for the future purpose of gene therapy against lung cancer. Methods : Recombinant adenovirus-TIMP-2(Ad-TIMP-2) was generated by homologous recombination after pACCMV-TIMP-2 and pJM17 were cotransfected into 293 cell by standard calcium phosphate coprecipitate method. Calu-6, one of the most invasive lung cancer cells, was transduced with Ad-TIMP-2 or Ad-$\beta$gal. Anchorage-independent growth and invasiveness were assessed by soft agar clonogenicity assay and invasion assay using two-chamber, well divided by matrigel. Results : Ad-TIMP-2 transduced calu-6 cells produced biologically active TIMP-2 more than 50 times more than parental calu-6. TIMP-2 gene transfer did not suppress the in vitro tumorigenicity. However, two chamber well assay revealed that Ad-TIMP-2 transduction reduced the invasiveness of calu-6 efficiently (12% compared with parental cell) even at low 10moi. Conclusion : Even though TIMP-2 gene transfer did not inhibit in vitro tumorigenicity, it did inhibit invasion of lung cancer cell in vitro. The inhibition of invasion by Ad-TIMP-2 may be a useful strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2002

Purpose : To investigate the clinical usefulness of a follow-up examination using serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) for the early detection of recurrence in patients treated for conical squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods : 20 patients who were treated for recurrent cervical squamous cell carcinoma between 1997 and 1998, who had experienced a complete remission after radiotherapy and who underwent an SCC test around the time when recurrence was detected, were included in this study. The levels of SCC were measured from the serum of the patients by immunoassay and values less than 2 ng/mL were regarded as normal. The sensitivity of the SCC test for use in the detection of recurrence, the association between the SCC values and the recurrence patterns and the tumor size and stage, and the temporal relation between the SCC increment and recurrence detection were evaluated. Results : The SCC values were above normal in 17 out of 20 patients, so the sensitivity of the SCC test for the detection of recurrence was $85\%$, and the mean and median of the SCC values were 15.2 and 9.5 ng/mL, respectively. No differences were observed in the SCC values according to the recurrence sites. For 11 patients, the SCC values were measured over a period of 6 months before recurrence was detected, and the mean and median values were 13.6 and 3.6 ng/mL, respectively. The SCC values of 7 patients were higher than the normal range, and the SCC values of the other 4 patients were normal but 3 among them were above 1.5 ng/mL. At the time of diagnosis, the SCC valuess were measured for 16 of the 20 recurrent patients, and the SCC values of the patients with a bulky tumor $(\geq4\;cm)$ or who were in stage IIb or III were higher than those of the patients with a non-bulky tumor or who were in stage Ib or IIa. Conclusion : The SCC test is thought to be useful for the early detection of recurrence during the follow up period in patients treated for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. When an effective salvage treatment is developed in the future, the benefit of this follow-up SCC test will be increased.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.1 s.30
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• pp.3-14
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• 2006

Music summarization means a technique which automatically generates the most importantand representative a part or parts ill music content. The techniques of music summarization have been studied with two categories according to summary characteristics. The first one is that the repeated part is provided as music summary and the second provides the combined segments which consist of segments with different characteristics as music summary in music content In this paper, we propose and evaluate two kinds of music summarization techniques. The algorithm using multi-level vector quantization which provides a repeated part as music summary gives fixed-length music summary is evaluated by overlapping ration between hand-made repeated parts and automatically generated summary. As results, the overlapping ratios of conventional methods are 42.2% and 47.4%, but that of proposed method with fixed-length summary is 67.1%. Optimal length music summary is evaluated by the portion of overlapping between summary and repeated part which is different length according to music content and the result shows that automatically-generated summary expresses more effective part than fixed-length summary with optimal length. The cluster-based algorithm using 2-D similarity matrix and k-means algorithm provides the combined segments as music summary. In order to evaluate this algorithm, we use MOS test consisting of two questions(How many similar segments are in summarized music? How many segments are included in same structure?) and the results show good performance.