• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2006

Dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homeocarpa is one of major diseases in putting greens. Microorganisms antagonistic to S. homeocarpa, a pathogen of dollar spot, were primarily screened through in vitro tests, including dual culture method and triple layer agar diffusion method. In vivo tests were also conducted to select the best candidate for a biocontrol microorganism, using pot experiment. Bacillus subtilis EW42-1 and Trichoderma harziaum GBF-0208 were finally selected as biocontrol agents against dollar spot. Relative Performance Index(RPI) was used as a criterion of selecting potential biocontrol agents. B. subtilis EW42-1 and T. harzianum GBF-0208 showed resistance to several agrochemicals mainly used in a golf course. B. subtilis EW42-1 and T. harzianum GBF-0208 suppressed effectively the disease progress of dollar spot like synthetic fungicide tebuconazole in the nursery where dollar spot had seriously occurred. B. subtilis EW42-1 and T. harzianum GBF-0208 have a potential to be biocontrol agents for the control of dollar spot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 1990

This study was conducted to investigate the interaction effect of a new plant growth regulator brassinolide and auxins using several bioassay methods such as rice lamina inclination test, oat coleoptile segment growth test and radish hypocotyl elongation test. For rice lamina inclination test, the antagonistic response showed at low concentration combinations of homobrassinolide and auxins (IAA and 2,4-D), while the combinations of high concentration responsed mostly synergistic or additive effects, IAA was generally higher than 2,4-D for combination effect with homobrassinolide. For oat coleoptile segment growth test, the synergistic effect showed at IAA concentrations less than 0.1ppm while additive response exhibited above 0.3ppm regardless of homobrassinolide concentrations. In radish hypocotyl elongation test, the interaction response varied with cotyledon. The sections removed cotyledon showed mostly antagonistic effects, except for combination of homobrassinolide with IAA 3ppm. Interaction responses were Quite different from bioassay methods, particularly using experimental materials: antagonistic responses were usually shown at the section that attached growing point while these for sections that removed growing point were responded synergistic or additive effect due to unstable endogenous hormones.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

The newly revised bioequivalence guideline of Korea allows the add-on test since July 1, 2008 when the initial bioequivalence trial fails to show the equivalence of two drugs. The statistical model of the add-on test and its two stage testing procedures are discussed. Some statistical points of consistency test in the add-on test are considered and the issue on the sample size of add-on test is discussed. Some reasonable alternative like Japan's guideline for bioequivalence studies is recommended to secure the proper use of an add-on study through some simulation studies.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 1992

The influnces of 9 kinds of solvents on the toxicities against several insect species, phytotoxicity and solubility of compounds were evaluated by means of leaf dipping and spray methods. In case of the spray application, density and vapor pressure seemed to be a contributing factor to lethal toxicity against brown planthopper and diamond-back moth, respectively; the bigger the property of density and the smaller the vapor pressure gave the stronger toxicity. It appeared that the toxicity of solvents was not correlated with anyone of physical properties such as boiling point, dipole moment, dielectric constant, surface tension and viscosity. Spray treatment gave more toxicity to insects than leaf dipping treatment. Although dielectric constant and dipole moment seemed to be contributing factors to phytotoxic damage to rice seedling and bean plants, respectively, no general correlation between phytoxicity and the other physical properties was found. Leaf dipping application caused stronger phytotoxicity than spray application. It is concluded that 5% acetone solution may be most suitable to test chemicals because of its favorable solubility of compounds, lower toxicity to insects, and lower phytotoxicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2004

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.159-171
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• 2005

The US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) recommends that population bioequivalence and individual bioequivalence would be assessed to address the prescribability and switchability between a brand-name drug and its new formulation or generic copy in its 2001 guidance document. The test for population bioequivalence in the latest FDA guidance is recommended in 2 x 4 crossover design, but it turns out to be very conservative. Recently Lee, Shao & Chow(2002), Chow, Shao & Wang(2003) and McNally, Iyer & Mathew(2002) proposed new statistical methods for assessing population bioequivalence between drugs to correct the biasness of current FDA method. Since 2 x 2 crossover experiment is most welcomed design in bioequivalence testing, we adopt their methods to 2 x 2 crossover designs and compare their methodologies with FDA one through the simulation study.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2021

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive viruses worldwide, which causes severe damage to economically important crops, such as pepper and tomato. In this study, we examined the molecular and biological characterization of a TSWV isolate (SW-TO2) infecting tomato and compared it to the recently reported isolates from boxthorn, butterbur, and angelica plants. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequences confirmed that SW-TO2 was clustered with those of isolates from boxthorn and pepper in Korea with the maximum nucleotide identities ranging from 98% to 99%. We developed the bioassay method for screening TSWV resistance and tested some commercial pepper and tomato cultivars for resistance evaluation of four isolates of TSWV. TSWV resistance was evaluated as TSWV resistance when all the following three conditions were satisfied: first, when symptoms of necrotic spots or no symptoms were present in the inoculated leaves; second, when there were no symptoms in the upper leaves; and third, when the upper leaves were negative as a result of RT-PCR diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.867-873
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• 2008

It is a convention to use 5% significance level when a statistical test is employed for clinical data. But when a confidence interval is used for testing equivalence, 90% confidence interval has often been used. When $1-{\alpha}$ confidence interval is used for hypothesis testing, its significance level is often ${\alpha}$. So it makes a confusion that the significance level is 10% if 90% confidence interval is employed for testing equivalence. In this paper I will clarify this issue by reviewing relevant papers and conducting simulation studies. I hope that it will be beneficial to statisticians in pharmaceutical companies, CROs, university hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1181-1193
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• 2014

Currently Ministry of food and drug safety allows add-on trial when the bioequivalence between two drugs fails to show since July 1, 2008. However, bioequivalence of highly variable drugs based on $2{\times}2$ crossover designs would require too many subjects, so the alternative designs like $2{\times}4$ or $2{\times}3$ crossover experiments are preferred. In this paper, we propose and discuss the statistical procedures for add-on trials in $2{\times}4$ and $2{\times}3$ crossover designs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.153-153
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• 1993

Prostaglandin은 인체의 여러 조직에서 생성되어 체내에 널리 분포되어 있지만 그 함유량은 극히 적다. 또한 대사산물의 반감기가 매우 이에 대한 연구결과를 알기 위하여는 조직 또는 체액을 추출하여 세심한 주의가 필요하고 측정방법에 있어서 정밀성이 요구된다. 또 여러가지 대사산물과 전구물질을 분리할 수 있는 방법이 요구된다. Prostaglandin가 생성되고 대사되는 과정이 매우 복잡하기 때문에 보다 정확하게 여러가지 대사산물을 분리할 수 있는 방법이 요구된다. 한편, prostaglandin은 전신의 거의 모든 조직에 분포하며 그 이용도 다양하다. 뿐만 아니라, prostaglandin이 임상적으로 생체기능의 조절(고혈압, 신기능조절, 난소와 자궁의 생리 등) 및 prostaglandin analogue의 길항약물 및 생합성 억제약물로서도 중요한 의미를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 관점에서 prostaglandin을 측정하는데 있어서: 1. 조직의 추출과 조작에 대한 일반적 방법 2. 생체조직에서 eicosanoid의 추출 방법 3. Prostaglandin, thromboxane 및 leukotriene에 대하여 평활근을 이용한 생물학적 검정 4. Eicosanoids의 방사면역학적 검정 5. 효소면역 검정법 6. Cyclooxygenase의 측정, 정체 및 특성 7. Lipoxygenase의 특성과 측정 8. 지질과산화 반응의 측정 등을 다루었다.