• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생리음성학적 특성

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Histopathologic and Physiologic Features of the Aging Larynx (노인성 후두의 조직병리학적, 생리학적 특성)

  • Park, Il-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.20-23
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    • 2014
  • Age-related changes in larynx can have a direct impact on voice quality and general comfort level. Observations of vocal aging have spanned perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, physical, electromyographic (EMG) and histological levels. Evidence of differential vocal aging in relation to gender and physical condition has been reported. Perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, kinematic, EMG and histological data document age-related changes in laryngeal structure and function with advancing age. These changes contribute to a functional age-related impact of vocal hypofunction or compensatory hyperfunction. This review will focus on the current understanding of the clinical and cellular changes in the larynx that lead to presbyphonia.

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Physiologic Phonetics for Korean Stop Production (한국어 자음생성의 생리음성학적 특성)

  • Hong, Ki-Hwan;Yang, Yoon-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2006
  • The stop consonants in Korean are classified into three types according to the manner of articulation as unaspirated (UA), slightly aspirated (SA) and heavily aspirated (HA) stops. Both the UA and the HA types are always voiceless in any environment. Generally, the voice onset time (VOT) could be measured spectrographically from release of consonant burst to onset of following vowel. The VOT of the UA type is within 20 msec of the burst, and about 40-50 msec in the SA and 50-70 msec in the HA. There have been many efforts to clarify properties that differentiate these manner categories. Umeda, et $al^{1)}$ studied that the fundamental frequency at voice onset after both the UA and HA consonants was higher than that for the SA consonants, and the voice onset times were longest in the HA followed by the SA and UA. Han, et $al^{2)}$ reported in their speech synthesis and perception studies that the SA and UA stops differed primarily in terms of a gradual versus a relatively rapid intensity build-up of the following vowel after the stop release. Lee, et $al^{3)}$ measured both the intraoral and subglottal air pressure that the subglottal pressure was higher for the HA stop than for the other two stops. They also compared the dynamic pattern of the subglottal pressure slope for the three categories and found that the HA stop showed the most rapid increase in subglottal pressure in the time period immediately before the stop release. $Kagaya^{4)}$ reported fiberscopic and acoustic studies of the Korean stops. He mentioned that the UA type may be characterized by a completely adducted state of the vocal folds, stiffened vocal folds and the abrupt decreasing of the stiffness near the voice onset, while the HA type may be characterized by an extensively abducted state of the vocal folds and a heightened subglottal pressure. On the other hand, none of these positive gestures are observed for the SA type. Hong, et $al^{5)}$ studied electromyographic activity of the thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles during stop production. He reported a marked and early activation of the PCA muscle associated with a steep reactivation of the thyroarytenoid muscle before voice onset in the production of the HA consonants. For the production of the UA consonants, little or no activation of the PCA muscle and earliest and most marked reactivation of the thyroarytenoid muscle were characteristic. For the SA consonants, he reported a more moderate activation of the PCA muscle than for the UA consonant, and the least and the latest reactivation of the thyroarytenoid muscle. Hong, et $al^{6)}$ studied the observation of the vibratory movements of vocal fold edges in terms of laryngeal gestures according to the different types of stop consonants. The movements of vocal fold edges were evaluated using high speed digital images. EGG signals and acoustic waveforms were also evaluated and related to the vibratory movements of vocal fold edges during stop production.

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Isolation and Identification of Acebacter xylinum GS11 Producing Cellulose (Cellulose를 생산하는 Acetobacter xylinum GS11의 분리.동정)

  • 고정연;신공식;윤병대;최우영
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 2000
  • 산업적으로 유용한 미생물 유래 셀룰로오스를 생산 이용하기 위해 전국 각지 양조식초의 덧으로부터 세룰로오스의 생산성이 높고 조질의 균일성을 나타내는 균주를 분리하였다 분리균 GS11은 gram 음성이고 간균(0.6$\times$2.2~3.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$)의형태를 하고 있으며 편모를 가지고 있어 운동성을 보였다. 또한 세포내 지방산 조성은 다량의 불포화 지방산 {{{{ {C}_{18:1} }}}}과 포화지반산 {{{{ {C}_{16:0 } }}}}, {{{{ {C}_{14:0 } }}}} 이 대부분을 차지하였고 DNA 염기조성 (G+C) 함량은 58.4% 이였으며 ubiqunone 은 {{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}}을 갖는 것으로 나타났다 이러한 형태학적 생리.생화학적 특성의 결과에 따라 본 균주는 Acetobacter xylinum GS11으로 동정되었다 A. xylinum, GS11 의배양기간 동안 셀룰로오스 생산성을 검토하고자 250mL 삼각플라스크에 균주를 접종하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 12일간 정치배양하였다 그결과 기질인 glucose의 소비는 접종 후 급소하게 감소하여 셀룰로오스 생산에 이용되었으며 셀룰오스의 생산은 배양 9일 경에 2.8g/l로 최대의 생산량을 나타냈다.

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The study on the visualization of paralinguistic phonetic information for creative motion typography (창의적 모션 타이포그라피를 위한 준 음성정보의 시각화 연구)

  • Park, Sun-Mi;Yoon, Young-Doo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.267-272
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    • 2006
  • The motion-graphic have been a more important factor in image illustration and typography since the development of visual culture was advanced. Therefore the visualized case of intented content with the creative typography is easily seen in television CF, movies and web pages. They suggest that variable factors such as language, time, shape, motion, color and sound should be applied and produced to motion typogaraphy. But the physiologic features as sex, age, health status, illness and physical size have an important effect in the communication process. So, the more effective result were gained than the fast-developing other mass media if these features were applied to the motion typography with semi-language speciality.

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Taxonomical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Red Pigment-Producing Marine Bacterium Strain JE-34 (적색색소를 생산하는 해양미생물 JE-34 균주의 분류학적 특성 및 항균활성)

  • Kim, Ju-Sang;Kim, Man-Chul;Harikrishnan, Ramasamy;Han, Yong-Jae;Heo, Moon-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.368-376
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    • 2009
  • A red pigment-producing bacterial strain was isolated from sediment sample of the East China Sea. The isolate was identified by analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence and morphological, physiological properties, biochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence showed that isolate represent a phyletic lineage within the genus Zooshikella, and this strain was most closely related to Zooshikella ganghwensis KCTC $12044^T$ (AY130994) (99.79%). The strain was Gram-negative, aerobic and required NaCl at 0.5~8.0% for growth. The predominant cellular fatty acids were saturated and monounsaturated straight-chain fatty acids. Consequently, this strain was identified as a member of the genus Zooshikella and designated as Zooshikella sp. JE-34. The pigment showed characteristics similar to prodigiosin, a well-known red pigment previously detected in Serratia marcescens. The antimicrobial activity of Zooshikella sp. JE-34 bacterial pigment was tested against 18 microorganisms, which were fish and human pathogens. The Zooshikella sp. JE-34 red pigment showed high antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus iniae, S. parauberis, S. mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes.

Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecalis 2B4-1 Containing Antitumor Substances. (항종양활성을 지닌 Enterococcus faecalis 2B4-1의 분리 및 동정)

  • 박상진;임대석;윤상군;백영진;김창한
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.471-475
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    • 1998
  • The aim of the present research program was to develop a strain of gastrointestinal bacteria containing antitumor substances. Fecal samples were collected from neonates and a number of gastrointestinal bacteria were isolated from the fecal samples by applying selective agar for intestinal bacteria. Among 127 isolates, a strain 2B4-1 containing an antitumor substance against stomach cancer, SNU-1, was selected. The strain 2B4-1 was identified as a strain similar to Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 775 with respect to morphological characteristics, growth temperature, salt and acid tolerance, growth under facultative anaerobic conditions and utilization of carbon sources such as arabinose and melibiose and so on. However, it showed some differences such as a negative reaction to hippurate hydrolysis and negative reaction to $\beta$-hemolysis. We assigned to the strain 2B4-1 to Enterococcus faecalis.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF RLN ANASTOMOSIS REMOVAL ON PHONATION (반회신경 문합과 후윤상피열근 절제가 발성기능에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • 김영모;이영구;이정식;이준열;김광문;김기령;홍원표;최홍식
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1991.06a
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    • pp.11-12
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    • 1991
  • 편측 성대마비의 음성개선을 위하여 현재까지 알려진 치료방법은 teflon 또는 silicone 주입술, 외과적 성대 내전술, 갑상연골 성형술, 신경재식술, 등이 있으며, 근래까지는 Teflon 또는 Gelform 주입술이 제일 효과적인 방법이라 알려져 있으나, 이는 음의 높낮이 조절능력의 한계가 있고, 신경재식술의 결과 역시 만족스럽지 못한 경우가 많다. 따라서 저자는 발성기능의 생리학적인 측면에서, 보다 효과적인 음성개선의 방법을 찾기 위하여, 사람의 후두와 비교적 유사한 특성을 가진 개를 사용하여 실험을 하였다. 반회신경을 절단하여 편측 성대 마비를 유발한 뒤, 동측의 유일한 외전근인 후윤상피열근을 절제후 절단된 신경을 문합하여, 성대의 외전근 작용의 소실과, 발성시에 주로 작용하는 내전근만의 작용을 유도하여, 공동운동의 차단과, 내전운동의 향상을 기대하였다. 본 실험에 앞서, 임의적으로 신경을 자극시킬 수 있는 신경자극기와, 주위조직으로부터 신경만을 분리하여 자극할 수 있는 전극을 개발하여 사용하였으며, 또한 성대의 발성음을 임의대로 유발시킬 수 있는 생체 내 후두발성 모형(in vivo laryngeal phonation model)을 Moore(1987, 1988)등이 발표한 모형을 토대로 자체 개발하여 사용하였다. 실험은 13마리의 개를, 반회신경 절단군(3 마리), 반회신경 절단 및 후윤상피 열근 절제군(3 마리), 후윤상피열근 절제군(3 마리), 반회신경 문합 및 후윤상피 열근 절제군(4 마리)등으로 나누어 실험하였으며, 3 개월 후, 현수후두경, 후두 내시경, videolaryngoscopy, 신경자극 검사 등으로 성대의 내전운동 및 위치 변화의 관찰, 발성음의 음향분석 및 갑상피열근의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 반회신경 절단군과 반회 신경 절단 및 후윤상피열근 절제군은, 수술후 3 개월에 성대의 움직임이나 각도의 변화가 없었으며, 음향분석 결과 발성음이 아닌 잡음만이 포착되었다. 즉, 절단된 신경의 문합 없이 후윤상피열근 절제 만으로는 음성개선은 기대할 수 없었다. 2. 후윤상피열근 절제군에서는 수술 후 3 개월에 정상적인 성대의 내전운동이 관찰되었으며, 음향분석상 기본주파수 동요율 및 발성음의 강도는 약간의 증가를 보였다. 즉, 반회신경이 절단되지 않은 상태에서 후윤상피 열근 만을 절제하면, 발성음의 변화는 거의 없었다. 3. 반회신경을 절단후 문합하고 후윤상피열근을 절제한군 에서는 수술후 3 개월에, 성대의 정상적인 내전운동을 보였고, 음향분석상 수술직후에는 잡음만이 포착되었으나, 3 개월 후에는 잡음이 아닌 발성음을 들을 수 있었으며, 이 발성음의 기본주파수 및 강도는 수술전보다 감소되어 있었으나, 기본주파수 동요율은 증가되어 있었다. 즉 이 술식으로 인한 뚜렷한 발성음의 향상이 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어, 편측 신경 절단으로 인한 성대마비시, 절단된 신경을 봉합하고 성대의 유일한 외전근인 후윤상피열근을 절제하면, 공동운동의 차단과, 내향운동의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

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An Study on the Correlation between Sound Characteristics and Sasang Constitution by CSL (CSL을 통한 음향특성과 사상체질간의 상관성 연구)

  • Shin, Mi-ran;Kim, Dal-lae
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.137-157
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study is to help classifying Sasang Constitution through correlation with sound characteristic. This study was done it under the suppose that Sasang Constitution has correlation with sound spectrogram. The following result were obtained about correlation between sound spectrogram and Sasang Constitution by comparison and analysis 1. Soeumin answered his voice low tone, smooth and quiet in the survey. Soyangin answered his voice high, clear, fast and speaking random. Taeumin answered his voice low, thick and muddy. 2. Taeyangin was significantly slow compared with the others in the time of reading composition. Taeyangin was significantly slow compared with the others in Formant frequency 1. Taeyangin was significantly discriminated from Soeumin in Formant frequency 5. Taeyangin was significantly low compared with the others in Bandwidth 2. Soeumln was significantly low compared with Taeyangin in Pitch Maximum and Pitch Maximum-Pitch Minimum. Taeyangin was significantly high compared with the others in Energy mean. 3. In list of specification, the discrimination rate was higher than that by lists of 13 in the results of Multi-dimensional 4-class minimum-distance. The discrimination rate of three disposition except Soyangin was higher than that of four disposition in the results of One way ANOVA and Analysis of dis crimination in SPSS/PC+. In CART, the estimate rate of Sasang Constitution discrimination was higher than any other method. It is considered that there is a correlation between sound spectrogram and Sasang constitution according to the results. And method of Sasang constitution classification through sound spectrogram analysis can be one method as assistant for the objectification of Sasang constitution classification.

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Voice range profile in premutation, mutation, and postmutation of men (변성이전, 변성 및 변성이후 남성의 발성범위 프로파일)

  • Kim, Jaeock;Lee, Seung Jin
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.89-100
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    • 2021
  • This study compared the voice range profiles (VRPs) with glissando and simplified VRP methods with 57 men who were in premutation (8-13 years), mutation (11-16 years), and postmutation (10-24 years) stages. The difference between modal and falsetto areas measured in two VRP methods was also compared. As the results, the average fundamental frequency (F0) was in the order of premuaton>mutation>postmutation. The maximum F0 (F0max), the range of F0 (F0range), the maximum intensity (Imax), and the range of intensity (Irange) were the lowest in the mutation stage, and these variables were higher in falsetto area than in modal area in both methods. In addition, most variables of VRP in glissando were higher than in simplified VRP, but the differences were not significant. This study showed that, in men in mutation stage, due to the temporary anatomical and physiological changes of the larynx, the mechanism of the vocal folds vibration changes and VRP shows a different pattern from that of other age groups. Both the VRPs of glissando and simplifed VRP are suitable for clinical practice by experienced examiners. And it is necessary to measure not only the falsetto area but also the modal area when measuring VRP.

Isolation and Characterization of Aeromons hydrophila PBl6 and Properties of Synthetic Wastewater Degradation (Protease 생성균 Aeromonas hydrophila PB16의 분리 및 합성폐수처리능)

  • 박형수;양선영;김무훈;이종광;유용호;박두현
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.235-240
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    • 2002
  • Protease producing bacterium, PB16 was isolated from food processing wastewater sludge and paddy field soil samples and selected by the clear zone and enzyme activity test. The isolate was gram negative, rod type and its protease productivity was 6.49 U/ml. As a result of API20NE kit test and 16S rDNA sequencying, the isolated PB16 was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila (99%). The growth rate ($h^{-1}$) was 0.21 in synthetic waste water only and 0.26 in synthetic waste water containing vitamin and mineral using a bioscreen C. Synthetic wastewater removal rate was 59 and 87%, respectively after 1 and 3 day reaction (intial CODcr was 2,472 mg/l).