• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2003

The mudfish(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) raising fed on hens excreta in order to study effects on production of animal feed resource. The raw hens excreta used for 2 years old mudfish diet during the 35 days and water in aquarium for mudfish was never exchanged during experimental period. Eight of 100L of aquarium. eight kg of mudfish and four of female korean native chicken were used this study. This study are divided according to the mudfish fed on commercial mudfish diet in the four of control group and fed on hens excreta in the four treatment group. The chemical composition was compared with commercial mudfish diet and hens excreta. In the both sample, crude protein contents was almost same. The crude fat and crude ash were higher in hens excreta than commercial mudfish diet. The growth performance of mudfish tend to high when fed hens excreta. There were no differences in contents of E. Coli and Salmonella and pH of water in aquariums between the groups. Mortality of mudfish tend to decrease when fed hens excreta. No problem with mudfish health was observed during the experimental period of 35 days. These results indicated that it is possible to raising mudfish fed on hens excreta only.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2024

It was known that crude oil can be mainly divided into saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. If microbial biodegradation of asphaltenes is effectively viable, additional oil production will be expected from depleted oil reservoir. Meanwhile, biodegradation can be applied to other aspects, such as the bioremediation of spilled oil. In this case, the biodegradation of asphaltenes also plays an important role. It has been already reported that asphaltenes are decomposed by bacterial consortia. However, the biodegradation mechanism of asphaltenes has not been clearly presented. The major reason is that the molecular structure of asphaltenes is complicated and is mainly in a aggregated form. In this paper, it was presumed that the biodegradation process of asphaltenes may follow the microbial oxidation mechanism of saturates and aromatics which are easier biodegradable than asphaltenes among the crude oil components. In other words, the biodegradation process was explained by serial stages; the contact between asphaltenes and bacteria in the presence of biosurfactants, and the decomposition of alkyl groups and fused-rings within the asphaltene structure.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.382
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• pp.58-59
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• 2020

영화 <버닝>의 주인공 종수(유아인 분)는 소설가를 꿈꾸며 택배기사 아르바이트로 생계를 이어간다. 시간에 관계없이 다양한 물건을 배달해야 하는 종수는 항상 지친 표정이다. 종수처럼 매일 무거운 물건을 나르다 보면 요추 주위의 근육, 인대가 늘어나는 요추 염좌에 걸리기 쉽다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.37 no.10 s.432
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• pp.85-89
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• 2005

우리나라 양계산업은 그동안 외형적으로 사육규모의 확대를 통해 소규모 내적으로도 사육시설의 현대화를 통하여 생산성의 향상과 양계산물의 고급화를 추구해왔다. 그러나 한편으로는 국민의 환경의식의 향상과 함께 환경문제가 크게 대두되면서 환경오염방지에 대한 요구도 더욱 커지고 있으며 가축사육의 규모화 및 단지화는 지역집중화를 초래하고 계분 이용의 불균형을 심화시키는 한 원인이 되고 있다. 또한 닭 사육밀도가 지역에 따라 이미 적정선을 웃돌아 계분의 관리 잘못으로 토양오염, 대기오염, 수질오염 등의 역기능을 유발하고 있다. 생계분 조차도 돈을 받고 판매하던 시절은 이제 옛이야이가 되었고 공을 들여 잘 제조한 양질의 퇴비 조차도 판매처가 없어서 창고에 쌓아놓고 판매처를 찾아야 하는 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 1962년부터 시작된 화학비료에 대한 보조금을 2005.7.1부터 폐지되었으며 동시에 화학비료의 보조금을 유기질비료에 확대지원하고 있어서 앞으로 유기질비료의 이용은 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상된다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1984

Laboratory experiments of poultry manure incubated for three days at $35^{\circ}$ were conducted to learn some informations on the relief of nitrogen loss during processing. Results obtained are as follows: 1) Blending phosphoric acid, triplesuperphosphate or superphosphate to poultry manure could reduce the volatilization of ammonia and saved nitrogen in the manure by 80 to 90 percent, though nonblending saved the nitrogen only by 40 to 60 percent during three days incubation. 2) The additives must be blended thoroughly to the manure to obtain the least loss of nitrogen during the incubation. 3) The severe loss of nitrogen was occurred from the drying process of fermented manure of both treatment, that is $60{\sim}80$ percent loss at the blended treatment with phosphoric acid, triplesuperphosphate or superphosphate, and $70{\sim}90$ percent loss at non-blended. 4) Drying the fermented manure under the fixed temperature of about $65^{\circ}$ for three days saved more nitrogen than dried manure under the temperature gradually raised from the room temperature to about $45{\sim}65^{\circ}$ for three days.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.141-149
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• 1993

In order to develop a poultry manure dryer, a pilot dryer was designed and drying experiments were conducted to investigate the drying characteristics of poultry manure. According to the results, the pilot dryer could be operated without any air pollution problems. When poultry manure was dried from 79.2%(w.b. basis) moisture content, the final moisture content ranged from 38.7% to 57.9% depending upon the drying conditions. The drying results showed that drying rate was 189.8~198.0 kg/h and moisture evaporation rate was 124.0~125.4kg-$H_2$O/L. For this drying, electricity requirement was 9.5~19.3 Wh/kg and fuel consumption rate was 6.9~9.3 kg-$H_2$O/L with 50.2~65.1% thermal efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

This study was conducted to produce a nutrient-balanced complex fertilizer using compost from laying hens fed with phytase levels. A total of 30 laying hens were randomly assigned in individual cages. The dietary treatments were fed from 51 to 60 wks of age, and included a phytase; 0, 1,000, and 2,000 FTU/kg in basal diets. Fresh feed (110 g) and drinking water were supplied to the laying hens every day. Feces from hens were collected daily and analyzed for N, P₂O₅, and K₂O after compost maturity. This result showed there was no difference on the fecal excretion per feed intake of laying hens supplemented with phytase levels in the diets. On the other hand, the excretions of dried feces, N, P₂O₅, and K₂O were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in 2,000 FTU/kg treatment than 0, 1,000 FTU/kg treatments. There was no difference on the compost composition and nutrient contents in compound fertilizer using compost from hens fed dietary phytase levels. However, compost content in the fertilizer was 69.6~71.6% when compost of 25~30% moisture content was used, and 13.0~47.1% at compost of 40~60% moisture content. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that hen's compost controlled moisture content could be produced as a nutrient-balanced compound fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.163-188
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• 2012

This study examines recent trends in income inequality among the elderly in Korea. Aggregate income inequality trends are explained by examining evidence from inequality index decomposition by population subgroup and by income source. Data come from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). The results are as follows. First, elderly income inequality increased from 1999 to 2002, and then decreased until 2008. Second, household composition changes appear to have disequalizing influence. The proportion of elderly people who are economically dependent on non-elderly family member or living with adult children has declined. Equalizing influence of private transfers also decreased between 2002 and 2008. These results indicate that the redistributive role of family has weakened over time. Third, the improvement of education level and changing occupational structure among the elderly household head contributed to increase in elderly income inequality. Fourth, earning's factor share has declined steadily, and the diminishing role of earnings provides equalizing influence on elderly income inequality from 2002 to 2008. Fifth, the impact of recent expansion of social insurance has changed over time. Inequality contribution of social insurance income increased from 1999 to 2002, and then decreased from 2002 to 2008.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fowl dzopping. saw dust and rice hall on the soil microflora in vitro. The experiment was designed in seven treatments with the various organic materials and they were only soil (control). soil + fowl dropping (S+F), soil+fowl dropping+rice hull (S+F+R) soil+fowl dropping*saw dust (S+F+S). soil+chemical fertilizer (S+C.F), fowl dropping+rice hull (F+R) and fowl dropping+saw dust (F+S). All the samples of treatment were incubated in $28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ condition and tested the activity of soil microflora for 84 days The activity of fungi, total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and actinomycetes showed the highest values at, twenty-first day and the spore-forming bacteria was at forty-second day after incubation. The number of fungi and gram-negative bacteria showed the highest values in the treatment of F+S, the spore-forming bacteria and the actinomycetes were in the S+F+S. and the number of total bacteria was in the F+C.F., but in the treatment of F+R. all the microorganism except fungi showed the lowest values in their numbers. The composition ratio of dead bacteria was higher in the treatments of S+F+R and F+R than in those of others as 70% and 40% respectively. Actinomycetes isolated from the treatments of S+F and S+F+S were identified as Streptomyces sp.. Nocardia sp., Micromonospora sp. Actinomadura sp. and Saccharomonospora sp.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.79-106
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• 2013

The research intended to analyse gender identities of Korean male migrant workers in Germany through the biographical case reconstruction. Five cases were reconstructed and the following conclusions were drawn: A 'work-oriented identity of man as an individual' was formed through their biographies. And according to the terms of the interruptions and the discontinuities in their employment biographies, and in relation with their experiences of employment and marriage before migration, the 'work-oriented identity of man as an individual' was continuously or discontinuously reproduced in their experiences with welfare systems and social services in migration, as well as delayed or compressively differentiated in combination with a 'livelihood and household responsibilities sharing or sharing-exclusive identity of man as a husband' in their same experiences. Based on these results, some implications for the theory and practice of social work were addressed, furthermore some implications for the biographical research.