• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

The ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics of the submandibular gland was examined in the big white-toothed shrew, Crocidura lasiura. A submandibular gland of Crocidura lasiura was a mixed gland composed of serous and mucous acinar cells. Secretory granules from the acini were discharged through the intercalated duct, the granular duct and the striated duct into the oral cavity. Serous and mucous acinar cells and granular duct cells had large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosome and prominent Golgi apparatus at the basal cytoplasm of the cell, and many granules at the apical cytoplasm. Oval type serous granules had a homogeneously pale round shape of bead at the center. Mucous granules were distinct from those of the other mammalian species having variety patterns with several dense bands into homogeneous pale matrix. A serous-like secretory granules and myelin-like body were observed in the cytoplasm and the lumen of granular duct cells. The myelin-like body is a characteristic structure only reported in the salivary glands of two shrews, Suncus murinus and C. dsinezumi. Striated duct cell had numerous well-developed mitochondria but secretory granule was not shown at all.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2014

Four ectomycorrhizal fungi were tested for their ability to utilize seven carbon sources in modified Melin-Norkrans medium. After 60 days of mycelial culture, the highest mycelial growth in Hygrophorus russula (KFRI 1987), Sarcodon aspratus, Leccinum extremiorientale (KFRI 1194), and Tricholoma matsutake (KFRI 1256) was observed with use of dextrin used as a carbon source. H. russula, S. aspratus (KFRI 1676), and L. extremiorientale showed the lowest mycelial growth on nutrient medium with pectin. The utilization of homoglycans (starch, dextrin) in seven strains (except for T. matsutake KFRI 1256) was higher than that of heteroglycan (pectin). The final pH values of all culture media were decreased by pH 1.1~3.0 compared with the initial pH values of culture media. The dominant color of mycelia was white and varied according to the carbon sources (yellow, brown, and purple) in some strains. A single colony was observed in L. extremiorientale cultured in liquid media containing four or five different types of carbon sources, whereas multiple colonies were formed in liquid media containing six different types of carbon sources by six strains.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.767-773
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of the methanol extract of Sophorae fructus (MESF) using elevated plus-maze (EPM), open field test, and horizontal wire test in mice. MESF was orally administered at doses of 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg to ICR mice 1 h before behavioral evaluation. The control group was given an equal volume of 10% Tween 80, and the positive control group was given diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The administration of MESF significantly increased the percentage of time spent in open arms and the entries into the open arms of the EPM compared with the 10% Tween 80-treated control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the anxiolytic-like activities of MESF were antagonized by flumazenil (a GABAA antagonist, 10 mg/kg) but not by WAY-100635 (a 5-HT1A antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg). Futhermore, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects of the experimental group, as opposed to the 10% Tween 80-treated control group. Therefore, these findings suggest that MESF promotes the anxiolytic-like activity mediated by the GABAergic nervous system in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.63-67
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• 2014

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis mainly produces a wax which is a viscous liquid for long carbon chain. When a catalytic fixed-bed reactor is used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the wax generated on a catalyst surface can keep adsorbing on the catalyst surface. This liquid hold-up causes significant pressure drop and clogging problems through the reactor. Thus, the model for liquid hold-up is required to design the size of reactor and catalyst particles. In this study, the liquid hold-up model considering structural and operational conditions was proposed based on empirical equations for convective mass transfer between the syngas flow and the wax-adsorbed catalyst. The developed model was validated by comparing with the experimental data from Knochen's work (2010). The influence of reactor length and coross section on the wax hold-up in reactor were analyzed and the optimal reactor size were proposed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2001

To identity the composition and ratio of the sex pheromone in the asiatic leafroller, Archippus breviplicanus (Walsingham), which is a major pest on apple leaves, and to develop a monitoring system using this sex pheromone, abdominal tips of their virgin female during the calling period were extracted and analysed. The GC/GC-MS analysis revealed the following three compounds; (E)11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14: Ac), (Z)11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14: Ac), and tetradecyl acetate(14: Ac) with the ratio of 56:22:22. Electroantennogram (EAG) assay was also conducted to examine biological activity of the components. The three components evoked significantly higher responses than hexane or air but there was no significant differences between the mixtures made by components. Field trapping experiments for determining the optimum blend, seasonal fluctuation and the optimum amount for male attracting were carried out over 4 years from 1997 to 2000. Although male moths were attracted to 8:2 and 7:3 between E11-14: Ac and Z11-14: Ac, their 7:3 blend was found to be the most effective. Archippus breviplicanus appears to occur three times a year in Korea. The optimum amount for monitoring was found to be 1mg per trap. 14: Ac, the third component, did not show synergistic effect on male moth attraction.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.469-477
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• 2012

Ostrinia larvae feed the pods and stem of red bean and seriously damage the bean production from farmers. In this study we investigated biological and developmental characteristics including field collection, host feeding preference, artificial rearing diet, morphological and molecular taxonomical identification, and pheromone analysis for an Ostrinia sp. in Korea. The male adults have massive tibia in the middle legs and 3-lobed uncus in the genitalia. The partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and II (COII) were not corresponded to those DNA sequences from other Ostrinia species reported previously in Japan and China. Host plants for this species are also different from the previous species reported. In the gas chromatography (GC) analyses, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate was not detected from the pheromone gland of our species while the component as a sex pheromone was found in O. zaguliaevi and O. zealis, With taken results, we conclude this Ostrinia species in Korea is Ostrinia scapulalis or closely related species. When larvae collected in a fall were incubated in the outdoor condition, they emerged to adult between June and July in the next year. The result indicates that the winter diapause could be started in late larval stage. In addition, we developed a semi-synthetic artificial diet adopted for mass rearing of the O. scapulalis in laboratory.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.838-843
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• 2005

Bacterial suspension test was used to establish Standardization Test Method to investigate bactericidal activity of disinfectant/sanitizer product. Using acceptable verification methodology, test substance showing 5 log or higher reduction in viable count against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, representing Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, respectively, under test conditions for $5\;min{\pm}10\;sec\;at\;20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ was considered to have sanitizing capability. All disinfectant/sanitizer products tested under manufacturer's recommended in-use condition gave good reduction values against major food-poisoning bacteria. This standardized method was valuable for evaluating efficacy of disinfectants/sanitizers and could be used as Standardization Test Method for assessing bactericidal activity

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2017

The shipbuilding industry uses large stationary tanks to store low-pressure air, which is used to open and close large shut-off valves. However, when supplying air from the tank to a distant valve, there are problems related to the need for supplementary pipes and the pressure drop during transportation. In this study, a portable welded vessel for storing high-pressure nitrogen (11 kg, 10 L, and 50 bar) was designed to prevent air leakage and improve the convenience of workers. This pressure vessel was elliptical to reduce the number of welded parts, which are structurally weak. The thickness and ratio of the major and minor axes of the pressure vessel were calculated to verify its structure stability at the working pressure (50 bar), and that the proposed weight and capacity were satisfactory. The residual stress caused by the welding process was calculated by performing a transient thermal-structural coupled field analysis using the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL), and the fatigue life of the vessel was verified based on the Goodman criterion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The main aim of this study is to provide an overview of the characteristics the Oungak (五雲閣) area on the north of rear garden of Gyeongbokgung Palace which was constructed during the time of king Kojong. This study also consider the aspect of functional elements of Ocryucheon (玉流川) located in Changdeokgung Palace and how the Oungak area was used as a substitute for the Ocryucheon. The Oungak area is the private space of the king. It was built in a natural setting which used existing environment including spring water and the rock carved with inscriptions 'Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji (天下第一福地). King Kojong tried to replace Ocryucheon with Oungak area which had played a important role of relaxation and leisure for royal family at the Ocryucheon to reconstructed Gyeongbokgung Palace. Despite being away from each other, Oungak area seems quite similar to Ocryucheon area. Oungak area and Ocryucheon have a common conditions of a location and structure of the building. Both constructed on the northernmost part of rear garden, composition of buildings and the design of waterway estimated to function as Curve-Stream Banquet. Oungak area was consisted of Ocryeonjeong (玉蓮亭) Pavilion, Oungak Building, Byeokhwasil (碧華室) Building and Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji-Cheon (天下第一福地泉) Spring and Streams. Except Byeokhwasil Building, spatial compositions of Oungak area showed pattern that were similar to Ocryucheon area. The area was developed, moreover, to unconventional space that depended on the conditions of topography, slope, water system. First, The Ocryeonjeong Pavilion constructed to view the landscape of Seoul to Namsan Mountain. Second, the peculiar form of Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji-Cheon Streams is estimated the shape imitated from Curve-Stream Banquet on Ocryuchon. Third, Oungak Building was constructed like a habitable house with Nongsanjeong Building in Ocryucheon. The Oungak area was constructed to improve Gyeongbokgung Palace, Consequently, the Oungak area specially characteristic of Joseon palaces's rear garden.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.775-782
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• 2011

This study was designed to clarify the morphometrical change of lymph node, deep cortex and lymph follicles in draining lymph nodes of young mice in response to local injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS). 1. In the group stimulated with LPS, aged 0 day and 3 days, the number of lymph follicles were not significantly different from those of control group. 2. In the group two to four weeks after injection with LPS, aged five days and one week, the number of lymph follicles were significantly increased from those of control group. 3. In the group one to four weeks after injection with LPS, aged 0 day, three days, five days and one week, the area of lymph node and deep cortex increased about 1.5-3 times more than that of the control group. 4. In the group two to four weeks after injection with LPS, aged three days, five days and one week, the lymph follicles(the area: larger than 0.1 mm2) were increased from those of control group. 5. In the group two to four weeks after injection with LPS, aged five days and one week, the lymph follicles(the area: smaller than 0.01 mm2) were increased from those of control group. In view of these experimental findings, the formation of lymph follicles were induced by LPS stimulation from 5 days to one week after birth. The newley formed lymph follicles area in response to LPS may be less than $0.01mm^2$.