• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.7B
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• pp.789-794
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• 2011

We analyze the capacity of CDMA base stations in the subway environment. We investigate the characteristics of multipath fading, cell structures, and propagation environment in the subway, analyze signal to noise ratio, sectorization gain, path-loss exponent, frequency reuse factor, and obtain the link capacity of a base station in the subway. We measure the peakedness factor and reveal that base stations in the subway have peaked traffic. We use Neal-Wilkinson model to obtain the Erlang capacity instead of Erlang-B model based on Poisson traffic.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2008

Adenomatoid tumor is a benign neoplasm of a mesothelial origin, and it usually occurs in the reproductive organs, especially in the epididymis. The author experienced a case of adenomatoid tumor involving the tunica albuginea and testicular parenchyme without any evidence of epididymis involvement. The patient was a 36-year-old man with a painless scrotal mass that he had experienced for 2 months, and this mimicked testicular neoplasia, including metastatic carcinoma, or other benign lesions. The imprint cytology of the tumor showed a hypocellular smear with mainly arranged cells in cohesive monolayered clusters along with occasional singly dispersed cells and naked nuclei in a clean background. The cellular clusters formed vague glandular and cord-like structures. The tumor cells were large polygonal to columnar cells with a relatively monomorphic appearance. The nuclei were oval to round shape and they showed vesicular, fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasm was moderate to abundant, and it contained fine vacuoles in some tumor cells. Mitoses and cellular pleomorphism were not present. Awareness of the cytologic finding of this lesion is necessary to screen or differentiate a testicular or paratesticular mass before and/or during surgery because the cytology may be useful as a diagnostic tool. Pathologists should be aware of the cytologic features of common lesions in this anatomic region so as to avoid performing aggressive and unnecessary surgical procedures.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2008

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare low grade malignant tumor of the salivary glands and it shows a characteristic biphasic population of epithelium and myoepithelium. It shows various cytologic and histologic features, so making an exact diagnosis is difficult. We report here on two cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma arising from the parotid gland and we compare the cytologic findings of the aspirated samples with the histologic findings of the tumors. We think the finding of mixed pattern of large, clear myoepithelia and small epithelia is the most valuable finding in the diagnosis of EMC.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2008

Pseudohyperplastic prostatic adenocarcinoma is a rare histologic variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma that resembles benign nodular hyperplasia. Immunohistochemistry can verify the absence of basal cells, but it is frequently admixed with conventional adenocarcinoma. Because fine needle aspiration cytology is rarely performed in primary prostatic adenocarcinoma, the cytology of the pseudohyperplastic variant has not been described. We experienced a case of metastatic pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma in a pulmonary nodule of 75-year-old man. The cytologic smear was mostly composed of large, flat sheets with elongated branching papillae in a clean background. The sheets showed a well-defined honeycomb appearance of tall columnar, regularly arranged monotonous cells with little cytologic atypia. In subsequent prostatic biopsy, pseudohyperplastic variants were identified together with conventional adenocarcinoma of Gleason's grade 3 and 4. The cytologic features of pulmonary nodules were identical to those of pseudohyperplastic components of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.447-451
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• 2010

Purpose: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm in parotid gland. Superficial parotidectomy was usually used to remove the pleomorphic adenoma. But, this method has to remove tumor with normal parotid tissue. Authors did lumpectomy to remove pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland, because pleomorphic adenoma is wrapped in a capsule as it grows. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of lumpectomy as a treatment of pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland. Method: From 2002 to 2008, 8 patients underwent the lumpectomy of the pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland. Occurrence of the complications and recurrance were evaluated. Result: Patients were followed-up for a mean 45 months. There were no recurrance or no complication after lumpectomy. Conclusion: Authors suggest that the lumpectomy lead to decrese complications, recurrane and can be used as a procedure for the resection of pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results in hormone deficiency and can be classified as 1) primary caused by the gonadal failure and 2) secondary by the hypothalamus-pituitary gland dysfunction and/or cardiometabolic complications. Recently the presence of thyroid hormone receptors in different testicular cell types was demonstrated, and thus thyroid dysfunctions would be another cause of secondary hypogonadism. Thus, we investigated the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism on hypogonadism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Perinatal hypothyroidism was induced by daily administration of 0.05% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) by tap water from gestation day 15, which were compared with negative control (PTU (-)) group. At postnatal day 28, hypothyroid pups were divided into 2 groups: PTU (+) group - continued PTU treatment and PTU (+/-) group - stopped PTU until postnatal day 49. Body weights, dehydrotesosterone (DHT), and testosterone levels were checked 2 and 3 weeks after grouping. Body weights were significantly decreased in PTU(+) and PTU(+/-) groups compared with PTU (-) group at postnatal day 28. 3 weeks later, PTU (+/-) group significantly gained weight compared with PTU (+) group. DHT and testosterone levels significantly decreased with PTU treatment, but increased 3 weeks after stopping PTU administration. Perinatal PTU-induced hypothyroid hypogonadism was sustained for 2 weeks after stopping PTU administration, but restored gonadal hormone levels 3 weeks after stopping PTU. These results suggest that researchers should design an experiment on hypothyroid hypogonadism based on the estimated period.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.238-244
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• 2022

감정 분석은 텍스트에 표현된 인간의 감정을 인식하여 다양한 감정 유형으로 분류하는 것이다. 섬세한 인간의 감정을 보다 정확히 분류하기 위해서는 감정 유형의 분류가 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 사전 학습 언어 모델을 활용하여 우리말샘의 감정 어휘와 용례를 바탕으로 기쁨, 슬픔, 공포, 분노, 혐오, 놀람, 흥미, 지루함, 통증의 감정 유형으로 분류된 감정 말뭉치를 구축하였다. 감정 말뭉치를 구축한 후 성능 평가를 위해 대표적인 트랜스포머 기반 사전 학습 모델 중 RoBERTa, MultiDistilBert, MultiBert, KcBert, KcELECTRA. KoELECTRA를 활용하여 보다 넓은 범위에서 객관적으로 모델 간의 성능을 평가하고 각 감정 유형별 정확도를 바탕으로 감정 유형의 특성을 알아보았다. 그 결과 각 모델의 학습 구조가 다중 분류 말뭉치에 어떤 영향을 주는지 구체적으로 파악할 수 있었으며, ELECTRA가 상대적으로 우수한 성능을 보여주고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 감정 유형별 성능을 비교를 통해 다양한 감정 유형 중 기쁨, 슬픔, 공포에 대한 성능이 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.21-25
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• 2020

Sebaceous carcinoma is a relatively rare and aggressive malignant tumor. Periocular area (especially eyelid) is the most common lesion to occur, and the most common extraocular lesion is the parotid gland. Because the lesion also mimic other benign inflammatory diseases, this leads to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Here, we report a 58-year-old male patient who presented with a non-tender painless left parotid mass after wide excision of sebaceous carcinoma in the left eyelid two years ago. When he was diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma of left eyelid, there was a small left parotid tumor on the computed tomography. But no further examination and treatment were performed. Two years later, physical examination revealed growing parotid tumor and multiple neck nodes on the left side. After radical parotidectomy and neck dissection, histological examination showed a sebaceous carcinoma and neck node metastasis. Considering the aggressiveness of sebaceous carcinoma, further evaluation for parotid glands should be considered when sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid was discovered. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy was performed for disease control. Follow up after two years, and computed tomography showed no sign of recurrence.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.50-55
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• 2008

As more DSP functionalities are integrated into an embedded mobile device, power consumption and device reliability have emerged as crucial issues. As the complexity of mobile embedded designs increases very rapidly, verifying the functionality of the mobile devices has become extremely difficult. Therefore, designs with error (fault) tolerance are often required since these capabilities will enable the design to operate properly even with some existence of errors. However, designs with fault tolerance may suffer from significant power overhead since fault tolerance is often achieved by resource replication. In this paper, we propose a low power and fault tolerant MAC (multiply-and-accumulate) design. The proposed MAC design is based on multiple barrel shifters since MAC designs with barrel-shifters and adders are known to be excellent in terms of power consumption.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2006

Four dogs with similar respiratory signs were referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. The clinical signs observed in these cases were anorexia, nasal discharge, sneezing, epistaxis, ocular discharge, and exophthalmoses. The routine laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis in two cases. On the skull radiographs, soft tissue density filled nasal cavity with loss of turbinate detail and increased density in frontal sinuses were found in all cases. Lysis of nasal bone was seen in two cases. Lysis of zygomatic arch was seen in one case. On computed tomography scan images, asymmetrical destruction of turbinate and nasal septum, and the superimposition of a soft tissue mass over the turbinate with peripheral contrast enhanced effect were identified in all cases. Destruction of ipsilateral orbital bone and invasion to retrobulbar region were visualized in all cases. In addition, all cases had lysis of cribriform plate. Lysis of nasal bone and destruction of hard palate were seen in two cases. Swelling of submandibular lymph node and salivary gland was seen in a case. Invasion to brain was identified in a case. All cases were diagnosed as nasal adenocarcinoma by cytology with fine needle aspiration and curettage.