• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.205-215
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• 2013

In digital imaging system, Bayer pattern is widely used and the observed image is degraded by optical blur during image acquisition process. Generally, demosaicing and deblurring process are separately performed in order to convert a blurred Bayer image to a high resolution color image. However, the demosaicing process often generates visible artifacts such as zipper effect and Moire artifacts when performing interpolation across edge direction in Bayer pattern image. These artifacts are emphasized by the deblurring process. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a deblurring algorithm combined with edge directional color demosaicing method. The proposed method is consisted of interpolation step and region classification step. Interpolation and deblurring are simultaneously performed according to horizontal and vertical directions, respectively during the interpolation step. In the region classification step, characteristics of local regions are determined at each pixel position and the directionally obtained values are region adaptively fused. Also, the proposed method uses blur model based on wave optics and deblurring filter is calculated by using estimated characteristics of local regions. The simulation results show that the proposed deblurring algorithm prevents the boosting of artifacts and outperforms conventional approaches in both objective and subjective terms.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

Curling sweeping is one of important motion to control the position of the curling stone, and sweeping speed and applied force to the broom pad are major research subjects. In this study, a device was developed to measure the force applied to the curling broom pad in curling sweeping motion, and two load cells were mounted between the broom pad and pad holder. Analog signals generated from the load cells were sampled about 300 times per second using a micro controller, and then converted to 10-bit digital signals. Calibration of the load cell and set up of regression equations to convert the measured electrical signals into mass (force) was done by three M1 class weights, and the developed system was designed as wearable device to minimize increasing of total weight of the broom. Same force was applied to the developed system and a force plate that was using as a reference force measurement system in field of sports, and the difference between the measured values were showed about $0.909{\pm}1.375N$(mean and standard deviation). The developed system could be applied other kinds of study which required force measurement function similar to sweeping motion.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2014

With the depletion of high grade coal, it is indispensable to be used co-combustion of low rank coal with bituminous coal in pulverized coal-fired power plants. This study describes the detailed measurements of combustion characteristics of bituminous and subbituminous coal in a 0.7MWth pilot-scale test facility. This experimental works include the measurement of gas temperature, gas concentrations along with the reactor axial and radial distance at the condition of excess air ratio of 1.2. The solid sampling was carried out and analyzed with the combustion of bituminous coal. The main reaction zone of coal flame in a reactor was formed about 1 m from the swirl burner, and at downstream, the fully developed temperature and species distribution was observed. The sampled particles of bituminous coal in a reactor revealed the complete carbon burn-out was achieved just after an main combustion zone.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.97-103
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the pollutant reduction effect for non-irrigated crop land by nonpoint source pollution control. For a field scale monitoring, 6 plots (5m width and 22m length) and 3 sediment traps were installed. At the outlet of each plot, the stage gauges were installed for runoff monitoring. For a rainfall monitoring, tipping bucket rain gage was installed within the experiment site. Through the artificial irrigation, runoff from the plots were monitored. The SS, TOC, T-N, T-P, COD, NTU of sampled water were analyzed by standard methods. The SS, TOC, T-N, T-P, COD, NTU concentration of initial runoff were 15.00, 1.54, 5.27, 0.07, 4.72, 0.45mg/L, respectively. Four hours later than the initial runoff, the concentration was changed to 1.00, 0.94, 4.06, 0.01, 0.60, 0.33 mg/L, respectively. As a result of artificial irrigation, three out of four sediment traps were filled with runoff water from the experimental plots. One sediment trap was not filled with runoff water because the artificial irrigation was not supplied for two experimental plots. The stage of sediment traps were gradually lowered. However, the water quality didn't showed a decrease trend as the stage went down because the suspended solid was not equally collected during the water sampling.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 1996

This paper deals with the electric field sensor and automatic measuring system of the time-varying space electric field produced by lightning discharges. The theoretical principle and the design rule of the measuring devices are investigated, and the semisphere-type electric field sensor and the signal process system are fabricated. From the calibration experiments, the frequency bandwidth of the measuring system ranges from 200 [Hz] to 1.56 [MHz] and the sensitivity is 0.96 [m V/V/m] as the amplification gain is 10. In addition, the electric field waveforms produced by lightning discharges are observed by the proposed electric field measuring system from June to August in 1995. The data is sampled with the time interval of 200 [ns] and is automatically recorded by transient signal analyzer(Necolet Pro 30), the resolution of which is 12 bit. And it is registered at personal computer. The electric field waveforms produced by intracloud discharge tend to be bipolar, with two or three narrow and fast rising pulses superimposed on the initial half-cycle.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.381-389
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• 2012

This paper proposes a method which corrects location data of GPS for navigation of outdoor mobile robot. The method uses a Bayesian filter approach called the particle filter(PF). The method iterates two procedures: prediction and correction. The prediction procedure calculates robot location based on translational and rotational velocity data given by the robot command. It incorporates uncertainty into the predicted robot location by adding uncertainty to translational and rotational velocity command. Using the sensor characteristics of the GPS, the belief that a particle assumes true location of the robot is calculated. The resampling from the particles based on the belief constitutes the correction procedure. Since usual GPS data includes abrupt and random noise, the robot motion command based on the GPS data suffers from sudden and unexpected change, resulting in jerky robot motion. The PF reduces corruption on the GPS data and prevents unexpected location error. The proposed method is used for navigation of a mobile robot in the 2011 Robot Outdoor Navigation Competition, which was held at Gwangju on the 16-th August 2011. The method restricted the robot location error below 0.5m along the navigation of 300m length.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.421-430
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• 2004

Clinically, it is almost impossible for a physician to distinguish subtle changes of frequency spectrum by using a stethoscope alone especially in the early stage of thrombus formation. Considering that reliability of mechanical valve is paramount because the failure might end up with patient death, early detection of valve thrombus using noninvasive technique is important. Thus the study was designed to provide a tool for early noninvasive detection of valve thrombus by observing shift of frequency spectrum of acoustic signals with computer aid diagnosis system. A thrombus model was constructed on commercialized mechanical valves using polyurethane or silicon. Polyurethane coating was made on the valve surface, and silicon coating on the sewing ring of the valve. To simulate pannus formation, which is fibrous tissue overgrowth obstructing the valve orifice, the degree of silicone coating on the sewing ring varied from 20％, 40％, 60％ of orifice obstruction. In experiment system, acoustic signals from the valve were measured using microphone and amplifier. The microphone was attached to a coupler to remove environmental noise. Acoustic signals were sampled by an AID converter, frequency spectrum was obtained by the algorithm of spectral analysis. To quantitatively distinguish the frequency peak of the normal valve from that of the thrombosed valves, analysis using a neural network was employed. A return map was applied to evaluate continuous monitoring of valve motion cycle. The in-vivo data also obtained from animals with mechanical valves in circulatory devices as well as patients with mechanical valve replacement for 1 year or longer before. Each spectrum wave showed a primary and secondary peak. The secondary peak showed changes according to the thrombus model. In the mock as well as the animal study, both spectral analysis and 3-layer neural network could differentiate the normal valves from thrombosed valves. In the human study, one of 10 patients showed shift of frequency spectrum, however the presence of valve thrombus was yet to be determined. Conclusively, acoustic signal measurement can be of suggestive as a noninvasive diagnostic tool in early detection of mechanical valve thrombosis.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2010

다른 물질에 비해 많은 우수한 특성을 가지고 있는 CuInSe2(CIS)박막 태양전지는 많은 연구자들에 의해 개발되어 오고 있다. CIS의 대표적인 장점으로는 직접천이형 밴드갭, 높은 흡수계수, 열 안정화상태 및 p형으로의 전도성물질의 가능성 등 다양하다. 또한 간단한 구조를 이용하여 유리같은 싼 기판을 이용하기 때문에 저가형 태양전지로서 많은 각광을 받고 있다. CIGS태양전지는 CIS의 In 사이트에 Ga을 도핑함으로서 만들어지는데 밴드갭은 약 1.4eV이다. CIS박막을 만드는 많은 방법이 존재하나 구성원소로부터 최적화된 조성을 찾을수 있는 방법이 가장 중요한 요소 중의 하나로 인식되고 있으며, 이런점에서 증발법 및 스퍼터링법 등 같은 진공방식이 비진공방식에 비해 훨씬 간편하게 조성비를 맞출수 있다. 그 중에 스퍼터링법은 대면적 박막태양전지로의 가능성으로 비출어 볼때 산업화를 위한 좋은 후보군이 될 수 있다. Selenization을 하기전에 Cu-In-Se의 전구체 조합은 여러개의 타겟으로부터 동시 스퍼터링법이나 다층 전구체법을 사용하여 준비되는데 어떤 방법이 되던지 Se의 부가적인 공급은 불가피하다. 지금까지 많은 관련 연구의 대부분인 구조적, 조성비적 그리고 광학적인 특성평가에 집중되어 오고 있는데, 전기적특성평가의 경우는 면저항, 비저항 같은 간단한 결과 위주로 보고되어 오고 있다. 또한 캐리어농도와 이동도에 대한 보고가 있음에도 불구하고 이해되기에는 충분치 못한 면이 많다.본 발표에서는 태양전지 제조 전단계로서 소다라임유리기판(SLG)위에 Mo의 유무에 따라 CIS박막의 전기적인 특성 변화에 대한 내용을 담고 있다. 소다라임유리($2cm{\times}2cm$)를 기판으로 사용하여 아세톤-에탄올 용액에 초음파세척을 수행하고, Mo 후면전극을 DC 스퍼터링방식을 이용하여 증착을 한다. SLG와 Mo이 코팅된 SLG를 각각 RF 스퍼터 챔버에 이송한 후 수증기 제거를 위해 약 10분간 예열을 한다. 샘플에 대한 전기적특성은 Hall효과 측정장치에 의해 측정이 되며 전기전도도, 캐리어농도, 이동도 및 전도형에 대한 정보가 각각의 변수에 따라 조사된돠. 부가적으로 구조적, 조성비적인 특성을 SEM,XRD 및 EDX를 통해 조사를 하여 전기적 특성에 따른 관계성을 검토한다. SLG와 Mo가 코팅된 SLG위의 CIS박막은 전기적으로 약간 다른 특성을 보일 것으로 예측되며, 이러한 기대를 바탕으로 조성비가 이상적인 화학양론에 근접할 때 p형으로서 제시될 수 있다는 것을 보여줄 것이다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.87-96
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a directionally adaptive aliasing and noise removal using dictionary learning based on space-frequency analysis. The proposed aliasing and noise removal algorithm consists of two modules; i) aliasing and noise detection using dictionary learning and analysis of frequency characteristics from the combined wavelet-Fourier transform and ii) aliasing removal with suppressing noise based on the directional shrinkage in the detected regions. The proposed method can preserve the high-frequency details because aliasing and noise region is detected. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently reduce aliasing and noise while minimizing losses of high-frequency details and generation of artifacts comparing with the conventional methods. The proposed algorithm is suitable for various applications such as image resampling, super-resolution image, and robot vision.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2010

Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) is an extension of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for measurement of flows spanning large areas in laboratory or field conditions. LSPIV is composed of six elements - seeding, illumination, recording, image transformation, image processing, postprocessing - based on PIV. Possible error elements at each step of Mobile LSPIV (MLSPIV), which is a mobile version of LSPIV, in field applications are identified and summarized the effect of the errors which were quantified in the previous studies. The total number of elemental errors is 27, and five error sources were evaluated previously, seven elemental errors are not effective to the current MLSPIV system. Among 15 elemental errors, four errors - sampling time, image resolution, tracer, and wind - are investigated through an experiment at a laboratory to figure out how those errors affect to velocity calculation. The analysis to figure out the effect of the number of images used for image processing on the velocity calculation error shows that if over 50 images or more are used, the error due to it goes below 1 %. The effect of the image resolution on velocity calculation was investigated through various image resolution using digital camera. Low resolution image set made 3 % of velocity calculation error comparing with high resolution image set as a reference. For the effect of tracers and wind, the wind effect on tracer is decreasing remarkably with increasing the flume bulk velocity. To minimize the velocity evaluation error due to wind, tracers with high specific gravity is favorable.