• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 1998

Ark shell was known as shellfish that had hemoglobin as blood pigment and the action of mecidine, was consumed the great part of it as raw material, though it was produced about 13,000 M/T per year. Ark shell was processed the infinitesimal quantity as conned product, bout canned ark shell had problem that occurrenced discoloration after heat treatment during processing and storage. This discoloration mechanism during processing and storage was not cleared. This study was carried out to understand characteristics of the hemoglobin as blood pigment and carotenoid as meat pigment in ark shell and management of proper processing conditions for prevention of oxidation and discoloration by thermal treatment. When treated by digestion of 0.1% BHA, 0.1% Tenox-II, 0.5% Na2EDTA, 0.05% NDGA and 3% salt soln., 0.1% BHA solution was most suitable for stability of carotenoid that the retention ratio of carotenoids were 63.1% after heating to 116$^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes. In preparation of canned ark shell and storage at 37$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ for 60 days, the chemical composition, pH and salinity ere stable. And contents of total carotenoid were decreased slightly from 0.83mg% to 0.727mg%. The viable cell count were 6.92$\times$103 cfu/ml at raw ark shell, after processed and storage were not detected. The predominant amino acids in the raw ark shell were glutamic acid(19.7%), arginine(16.0%), glycine(12.6%), alanine(12.2%) and aspartic acid(7.6%). When 60 days stored, the contents of amino acid were stable. And the predominant nuclotide and their related compounds in the raw ark shell were hypoxanthine(2.14$\mu$mol/g), IMP(1.94$\mu$mol/g) and ATP(0.87$\mu$mol/g), and storage at 37$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ for 60 days, the quantity order were same as raw material.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.779-785
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• 1994

The interaction between the cationic dye, thionin(Th) and the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been investigated by absorption spectra. As the temperature of surfactant solution was increased in premicellar range(S/D=10, 80, and 160) which was much lower than the critical micelle concentration(CMC), the increment or decrement of the molar extinction coeffecient ratio appeared. It was found that the most stable temperature range of the oligomer aggregate in Th-SDS system at S/D=160 was below $60^{\circ}C$. With increasing the concentration of inorganic salt and organic solvents in Th-SDS system, ${\alpha}$-band was increased, but ${\gamma}$=band or J-band was decreased. The orders of ${\alpha}$-band increasing power were $Cl^-$>$ClO{_4}{^-}$>$SO{_4}{^{2-}}$>$NO{_3}{^-}$ and 2-propanol>ethanol>methanol>ethylene glycol.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.238-244
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• 1981

The thin Layer chromatographic determination of ${\alpha}-solanine $ in potato tuber was investigated. The solanine was extracted with methanol-chloroform mixture (2 : 1, v/v) and precipitated as the crude glycoalkaloid by the addition of ammonium hydroxide. The solanine in the crude precipitate was separated by TLC using a solvent system of 1% $NH_4OH-absolute$ ethanol-chloroform (1:2:2, v/v). The purity of ${\alpha}-solanine $ was confirmed by infrared spectrophotometry. The ${\alpha}-solanine $ separated by TLC was determined at the wavelength of 310nm after coloration with concentrated sulfuric acid-1% paraformaldehyde, with the molar absorptivity of 2,090.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 1999

Tyrosinase plays an important role in the process of melanin polymer biosynthesis. Therefore, the enzyme inhibitors have been of great concern as cosmetics to have skin-whitening effects on the local hyperpigmentation. During the search for new inhibitory compounds on melanin polymer biosynthesis from natural sources, MeOH extracts of 589 higher plants were tested for the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity by the muschroom tyrosinase assay in vitro. Among plants tested, the leaves of Cercis chinensis exhibited potent inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity. Subsequently seven active compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble part of acetone extract of the leaves of C. chinensis by the activity guided fractionation monitoring the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. Their chemical structures were identified as $kaempferol-3-0-{\alpha}-L-rhamnoside$, quercitrin, $myricetin-3-0-{\alpha}-L-rhamnoside$, myricetin-3-0-(2'-O-galloyl)- ${\alpha}$ -L-rhamopyranoside (desmanthin), (-)-epicatechin-3-0-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-0-gallate, and methyl gallate on the basis of the speculation of spectral data and chemical reaction. Among the flavonol rhamnosides, myricetin-3-0-(2'-O-galloyl)- -L-rhamnoside(desmanthin) showed most potent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and the structure of B-ring in flavonol moiety was related to the activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate having pyrogallol group in flavan-3-ol moiety exhibited more potent inhibitory effect than (-)-epicatechin-3-0-gallate having catechol group in flavan-3-ol moiety on mushroom tyrosinase activity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2014

This study was aimed to investigate skin whitening effects of Nomura's jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) hydrolyzed extracts (NHE). The extracts were prepared through the hydrolysis of N. nomurai using commercial proteolytic enzymes such as Protamex, Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Neutrase with optimum pHs (pH 5-8) at $55^{\circ}C$. Their whitening activities were examined from the inhibition of melanin synthesis using B16-F1 cell lines. Among the examined samples, Neutrase-treated extract (N-NHE) showed the most significant inhibition effect on melanin synthesis by 89.9% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. This sample decreased the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 (tyrosinase related protein-1) proteins as well. These results suggested the potential application of NHE as whitening ingredients in cosmetic preparation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.248-251
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• 1982

Commassie blue G250 produced metachromatic effect with some solvents. The absorptivity and molar absorptivity of the dye in ethanol were 82.4 and $70.4{\times}10^3$ at maximum absorption wavelength 610nm, respectively. The dye had a red from$({\lambda}_m=465nm)$ in ethanol-phosphoric acid-water solution and converted to a blue form$({\lambda}_m=590nm)$ after binding to protein. Absorbance at 590nm gave linear responses with respect to protein contents. The dye-binding capacities of proteins varied considerably with the content and source of proteins. Under the experimental condition the dye-binding capacities of bovine serum albumin, cytochrome C and ${\gamma}-globulin$ were 110, 103, and $88{\mu}g$ commassie blue G250 bound per $100{\mu}g$ protein, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 1968

The resolving capacities of xanthophyll pigments on thin-layers of Silica Gel, Hyflo super-Cel, and Micro-Cel C with varying concentrations of acetone in petroleum ether as the developing solvent were compared. The results showed that the resolving capacity of Micro-Cel C thin-layer was superior to others and satisfactory for the separation of leaf carotenoids in clearly separated six bands; carotenes, lutein-zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, an unidentified band, and neoxanthin, when it was developed with $13\%$ acetone-petroleum ether solution for 15 to 20minutes in an unsaturated chamber. Adhension of Micro-Cel C to glass was adequate without binder. Calcium sulfate used as a binder appeared to inactivate the resolving capacity of Micro-Cel C. Removing an about 0.2cm-wide layer on bo side of thin-layer slide helped to prevent 'edge effect' which gave tailing and faster solvent ascending along the side than the center. An adequate thickness of thin-layer was obtained when a 3 ml aliquot of the suspension in which l0g powdered Micro-Cel C was suspended in 75 ml distilled water was coated on a $2\times20cm$ glass slide.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.123-128
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• 2004

Numerous novel ingredients have been introduced for the higher functionality of whitening cosmetics. Through the preliminary research, we have found Trichosanthes kirilowii root, Prunella vulgaris leaf and Clematis chinensis root have high whitening efficacy. But they are insoluble. Moreover the discoloration of and decrease in content take place when they are exposed to light, heat or oxygen. From Trichosanthes kirilowii root, Prunella vulgaris leaf and Clematis chinensis root, efficacious ingredients were ethanol-extracted by heating to 75∼85$^{\circ}C$ for 6∼8 h. These extracts have the inhibitory activity of tyrosinase and B16 melanin formation, thus enhancing whitening effect. We made liposomes using propylene glycol (PG)/hydrogenated lecithin/middle chain triglycerides (MCT)/glycerin/water and microfuidizer to stabilize extracts. The stability against heat and light was enhanced by 3∼5 times compared with untreated extracts. Particle size analyzer, freeze fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM), chromameter and HPLC are used for the analysis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

Deficiency of collagen regeneration, denaturalization of fibers, increased melanin synthesis and reactive oxygen species are important factors inducing deterioration of healthy skin function. They induce freckles and decrease in skin elasticity. Vitamin C, vitamin A and their derivatives have been used as cosmetic ingredients for improvement of these problems but they have various problems. We have been developing the various derivatives of these ingredients. In this study, we investigated whitening effect of 3-o-cetyl-L-ascorbic acid (VCCE), a new vitamin C derivative. The VCCE inhibited melanogenesis in a dose dependent manner(44 % at $20\;{\mu}g/mL $) and tyrosinase expression. For 8 weeks, we also investigated skin brightening effect of VCCE on pigmented spots in UV-irradiated human skin. In results, VCCE showed a statistically significant skin whitening effect by mechanical and visual evaluation. Taken together, our findings suggest that the VCCE has potential benefits as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 1992

A photoresponse that results in organisms dispersing from a region of bright light. generally termed photodispersal, is frequently observed in some fishes notably including mud fish (Misgurunus mizolepis G${\"{U}}$NTHER). The primary assumption for this study was that the photodispersion may result from the behavioral strategies of fishes aimed to avoid illumination conditions that could injure the cells in skin tissues via photodynamic sensitization reactions. Here we present some preliminary results that seem to support this assumption : (1) the locomotive action of dark-adapted mud fish was triggered by the onset of illumination with light : (2) blue light (400-500nm) was much more effective in bringing about the locomotive activity than yellow (550-650nm) and red (650-800nm) lights : (3) two blue light absorbing pigments, which photogenerate activated oxygen species, were separated from the skin tissues of mud fish, one of these being identified as riboflavin.