• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.102-109
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• 2014

A particle system is used for modeling the physical phenomenon. There are many traditional ways for simulation modeling which can be well suited for application including the landscapes of branches, clouds, waves, fog, rain, snow and fireworks in the three-dimensional space. In this paper, we present a new fireworks modeling technique for modeling 3D firework based on Firework Particle Tracking (FPT) using the particle system. Our method can track and recognize the launched and exploded particle of fireworks, and extracts relatively accurate 3D positions of the particles using 3D depth values. It can realize 3D simulation by using tracking information such as position, speed, color and life time of the firework particle. We exploit Region of Interest (ROI) for fast particle extraction and the prevention of false particle extraction caused by noise. Moreover, Kalman filter is used to enhance the robustness in launch step. We propose a new fireworks particle tracking method for the efficient tracking of particles by considering maximum moving range and moving direction of particles, and shall show that the 3D speeds of particles can be obtained by finding the rotation angles of fireworks. Also, we carry out the performance evaluation of particle tracking: tracking speed and accuracy for tracking, classification, rotation angle respectively with respect to four types of fireworks: sphere, circle, chrysanthemum and heart.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2008

Recently, research on augmented games as a new game genre has attracted a lot of attention. An augmented game overlaps virtual objects in an augmented reality(AR) environment, allowing game players to interact with the AR environment through manipulating real and virtual objects. However, it is difficult to release existing augmented games to ordinary game players, as the games generally use very expensive and inconvenient 'backpack' systems: To solve this problem, several augmented games have been proposed using mobile devices equipped with cameras, but it can be only enjoyed at a previously-installed location, as a ‘color marker' or 'pattern marker’ is used to overlap the virtual object with the real environment. Accordingly, this paper introduces an augmented game, called augmented galaga based on traditional well-known galaga, executed on mobile devices to make game players experience the game without any economic burdens. Augmented galaga uses real object in real environments, and uses scale-invariant features(SIFT), and Euclidean distance to recognize the real objects. The virtural aliens are randomly appeared around the specific objects, several specific objects are used to improve the interest aspect, andgame players attack the virtual aliens by moving the mobile devices towards specific objects and clicking a button of mobile devices. As a result, we expect that augmented galaga provides an exciting experience without any economic burdens for players based on the game paradigm, where the user interacts with both the physical world captured by a mobile camera and the virtual aliens automatically generated by a mobile devices.

• Archives of design research
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• v.21
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• pp.99-106
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• 1997

There were the changes of shapes and color tones when the soil materials e.g. Blue-Porcelain, White-Porcelain, Bunchong, mixed A and B, mullite, Sanchong and Ongki - used by most domestic ceramic artists - were glazed at $ 950^{\circ}C,; 1200^{\circ}C,; 1250^{\circ}C,; 1280^{\circ}C,;1300^{\circ}C$ After the materials were dried out at 120t: in an electric oven, they were mixed with water, keeping the percentage of moisture content 25% and kneaded specimens which are hexahedron by $$ 250{\times}30{\times}8mm$$were produced and dried after calibrated at 200mm interval with a vernier caliper. After the materials were dried and glazed, they showed few shape-changes at $950^{\circ}C$ but began to changed at $1200^{\circ}C$,especially Bunchong and Ongki made rapid changes. In the case of color-change, White-Porcelain changed very little. The color of Blue-Porcelain, mixed A and B, Sanchong, Mullite changed to ]aune brilliant as temperature went up but Bunchong and Ongki changed to dark brown or dark chocolate under the same conditions. This study aims at suggestion of the basic data which minimize failure rates by recognizing the property of the materials on the basis of this study and regulating shape-change phenomena and sensitive changes of color when ceramic artists work.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 2009

This paper proposes a method for vehicle license plate detection using mathematical morphology and symmetry. In general, the shape, color, size, and position of license plate are regulated by authorities for a better recognition by human. Among them, the relatively big intensity difference between the letter and the background region of the license plate and the symmetry about the plate are major discriminating factors for the detection. For the first, the opened image is subtracted from the closed image to intensify the region of plate using the rectangular structuring element which has the width of the distance between two characters. Second the subtraction image is average filtered with the mask size of the plate. Third, the column maximum graph of the average filtered image is acquired and the symmetry of the graph is measured at every position. Fourth, the peaks of the average filtered image are searched. Finally, the plate is assumed to be positioned around the one of local maxima nearest to the point of the highest symmetry. About 1,000 images taken by speed regulation camera are used for the experiment. The experimental result shows that the plate detection rate is about 93%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a user friendly object-based image retrieval system using the interaction between cortex and hippocampus. Most existing ways of queries in content-based image retrieval rely on query by example or query by sketch. But these methods of queries are not adequate to needs of people's various queries because they are not easy for people to use and restrict. We propose a method of automatic color object extraction using CSB tree map(Color and Spatial based Binary をn map). Extracted objects were transformed to bit stream representing information such as color, size and location by region labelling algorithm and they are learned by the hippocampal neural network using the interplay between cortex and hippocampus. The cells of exciting at peculiar features in brain generate the special sign when people recognize some patterns. The existing neural networks treat each attribute of features evenly. Proposed hippocampal neural network makes an adaptive fast content-based image retrieval system using excitatory learning method that forwards important features to long-term memories and inhibitory teaming method that forwards unimportant features to short-term memories controlled by impression.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2008

Due to popularization of the wireless Internet and mobile devices the infrastructure of the ubiquitous environment, where users can get information whatever they want anytime and anywhere, is created. Therefore, a variety of fields including the education studies methods for efficiency of information transmission using on-line and off-line contents. In this paper, we propose the Mixed Mobile Education system(MME) that improves educational efficiency using on-line and off-line contents on mobile devices. Because it is hard to input new data and cannot use similar off-line contents in systems used additional tags, the proposed system does not use additional tags but recognizes of-line contents as we extract feature points in the input image using the mobile camera. We use the Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT) algorithm to extract feature points which are not affected by noise, color distortion, size and rotation in the input image captured by the low resolution camera. And we use the client-server architecture for solving the limited storage size of the mobile devices and for easily registration and modification of data. Experimental results show that compared with previous work, the proposed system has some advantages and disadvantages and that the proposed system has good efficiency on various environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.3-21
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• 2020

In this paper, the funeral was defined as a culture of death and, on the most important ideological basis, the biological death was not recognized as the end of the world, but as a starting point for another life. Various funeral cultures were investigated and the funeral floral design was analyzed through the case. Based on this, it was concluded that Korea's funeral floral design was an impediment to the development of funeral floral design, similar to the use of limited materials. Storytelling, a communicative concept through the exchange of emotions and opinions, rather than unilaterally conveying a message as an answer, is one of the most effective marketing strategies in the emotional consumption era. Based on this, the target person was selected to analyze life and draw suggestions from his life. Accordingly, the production of the work was attempted by applying storytelling to the funeral floral design. The painting design applied to storytelling expressed the symbol and meaning of the painting design material, and the color and form of the floral design in various forms and colors of pastel line, which are based on peach color that symbolizes the deceased, in a departure from the traditional funeral painting design with the solemn atmosphere of the geometric design centered on the white chrysanthemum material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.225-227
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• 2022

Now In Seoul, about 75,000 CCTVs are installed in 25 district offices. Each ward office in Seoul has built a control center for CCTV control and is building information such as people, vehicle types, license plate recognition and color classification into big data through 24-hour artificial intelligence intelligent image analysis. Seoul Metropolitan Government has signed MOUs with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the National Police Agency, the Fire Service, the Ministry of Justice, and the military base to enable rapid response to emergency/emergency situations. In other words, we are building a smart city that is safe and can prevent disasters by providing CCTV images of each ward office. In this paper, the CCTV image is designed to extract the characteristics of the vehicle and personnel when an incident occurs through artificial intelligence, and based on this, predict the escape route and enable continuous tracking. It is designed so that the AI automatically selects and displays the CCTV image of the route. It is designed to expand the smart city integration platform by providing image information and extracted information to the adjacent ward office when the escape route of a person or vehicle related to an incident is expected to an area other than the relevant jurisdiction. This paper will contribute as basic data to the development of smart city integrated platform research.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2011

Recently, the cases of freeze-thaw distress on concrete pavement in domestic have been reported periodically. Hereupon, the necessity to establish the standard of spacing factor came to the fore. The test method for analyzing spacing factor is provided in the standard of ASTM C 457. Since researchers tend to judge study results subjectively, the results should be revised throughly. Image analysis program for determining the characteristics of air-void system on hardened concrete identify air void through the difference of a color. The pixel intensity values used in this program have a significant effect on the analysis results. This study compared the automated void count by varying pixel intensity values with the manual void count in order to determine the optimum range of pixel intensity values. Also, this study analyzed the air-void characteristics on eight kinds of concrete mixtures. In this study, it was confirmed that the variation of void counted manually was around 10% from the results of round robin test, and that the optimum range of pixel intensity values is around 80~90. And it was also confirmed that air content (as a whole) was increased generally and spacing factor was decreased by increasing air-entrainer content. But some concrete mixtures showed a tendency that air content was constant and spacing factor was decreased by increasing air-entrainer content. This causes the air entrained by air-entrainer has more influence on spacing factor than air content. Also, the deviation of spacing factor by cutting position of concrete specimen was about 30~100${\mu}m$ because of the limit of 2-D image analysis. The additional study about variation of spacing factor by cutting position of concrete specimen will be performed later.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_3
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• pp.939-951
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• 2022

The most important factor in designing autonomous driving systems is to recognize the exact location of the vehicle within the surrounding environment. To date, various sensors and navigation systems have been used for autonomous driving systems; however, all have limitations. Therefore, the need for high-definition (HD) maps that provide high-precision infrastructure information for safe and convenient autonomous driving is increasing. HD maps are drawn using three-dimensional point cloud data acquired through a mobile mapping system (MMS). However, this process requires manual work due to the large numbers of points and drawing layers, increasing the cost and effort associated with HD mapping. The objective of this study was to improve the efficiency of HD mapping by segmenting semantic information in an MMS point cloud into six classes: roads, curbs, sidewalks, medians, lanes, and other elements. Segmentation was performed using various machine learning techniques including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and gradient-boosting machine (GBM), and 11 variables including geometry, color, intensity, and other road design features. MMS point cloud data for a 130-m section of a five-lane road near Minam Station in Busan, were used to evaluate the segmentation models; the average F1 scores of the models were 95.43% for RF, 92.1% for SVM, 91.05% for GBM, and 82.63% for KNN. The RF model showed the best segmentation performance, with F1 scores of 99.3%, 95.5%, 94.5%, 93.5%, and 90.1% for roads, sidewalks, curbs, medians, and lanes, respectively. The variable importance results of the RF model showed high mean decrease accuracy and mean decrease gini for XY dist. and Z dist. variables related to road design, respectively. Thus, variables related to road design contributed significantly to the segmentation of semantic information. The results of this study demonstrate the applicability of segmentation of MMS point cloud data based on machine learning, and will help to reduce the cost and effort associated with HD mapping.