• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.799-813
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• 2011

Increasing mountain biking (MTB) in forest recreation areas is changing the behavioral patterns in the areas where hiking has been a dominant activity, and it may cause ecological and social impacts to the areas. This study examined hikers' perceived conflicts by MTB including the relationship between socio-demographic and visiting characteristics and perceived conflict. On-site survey was conducted in Mudeungsan Provincial Park (MPP), Korea, during September, 2010. Out of 388 hikers participated in the survey, 374 responses were used for data analysis. 30.2% of the respondents encountered or saw MTB (avg.: 1.7 times) in MPP. Overall, 77.1% of respondents thought MTB in MPP was a problem. 73.5%~83.2% of respondents perceived conflict by four major MTB behaviors (e.g., too fast running MTB in trails; MTB bikes occupying trails; MTB bikes passing by hikers too closely; MTB bikers doing unpleasant behaviors to hikers). Based on the type of conflict, 48.5~62.4% of respondents fell in the type of "social values conflict (SVC)", 11.1~32.4%, "interpersonal conflict (IC)", and 16.8~26.6%, "no conflict (NC)", respectively. Types of conflicts were related with sociodemographic (e.g., gender, age, education) and visiting characteristics (e.g., number of visits, experience of encountering MTB). Such relationships were nonexistent in most cases when the "experience of encountering MTB" was controlled.

• Proceedings of the Korean System Dynamics Society
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.87-103
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• 1999

오늘날 지방정부는 지역주민의 삶의 질을 높이기 위하여 환경의 수준을 높임과 동시에 지역경제를 활성화 시켜야 한다는 두 가지의 목표를 균형적으로 달성해야 하는 입장에 처해 있다. 그러나 지역에서의 경제활동과 환경수준 간에는 특정 분야의 산업을 제외하고 일반적으로 상충관계(trade off)가 존재하기 때문에 두 가지 목표를 동시에 달성할 수 있는 정책적 대응은 용이한 일이 아니다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.88-90
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• 2004

현재 우리군은 900럴개의 크고 작은 정보체계가 각기 독립적(stand-alone)으로 운영되는 연통형정보체계로 단위 정보체계 각각은 효과적으로 운영되지만 정보체계 간 상호연계에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 상호연동문제 해결방안 중 하나로 이기종 시스템 간 상호운영 표준기술로 웹서비스의 도입방안을 연구하였다. 민간분야의 웹서비스 추진전략은 국방도메인이 요구하는 웹서비스 추진전략과는 서로 상충되는 면이 존재한다. 이에 국방분야의 특수성을 고려한 웹서비스 신기술을 도입 시, 표준화되고 빠르고 안정적인 국방 웹서비스 프로젝트진행을 위한 기반환경구축을 목표로 국방 웹서비스 프레임워크 모델개발을 추진 중에 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2022

Currently, the conflict between use and conservation of the ocean is intensifying in the ocean, so it is essential to introduce an effective method to define and manage it in advance for each core value of ocean. Accordingly, although the ocean is divided into nine marine use zone and managed through marine spatial planning, the analysis of the sea areas where mutually exclusive activities overlap in the ocean is insufficient. In this study, an automated model was developed to derive a sea areas where the core values of the ocean conflict. In order to analyze marine activities, available data on marine activity were collected, and data necessity for the analysis of mutually exclusive marine activities were derived. After classifying the derived data into legal and characteristic data, a conflict matrix was prepared through pairwise comparison between data to designate priorities when overlapping occurs. Based on the designated priorities, an automation model was developed, and sea areas where marine activities conflicted were derived, visualized, and area calculated. Using this, it is judged that the efficiency of decision-making can be improved by clearly deriving the sea areas where major issues occur in establishing the marine spatial planning.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2012

The connection between the continuousness of Rabi oscillation and the discontinuity of quantum jumps has long remained one of the conceptual difficulties since the discovery of the quantum physical paradigm. In this study, however, we demonstrate that the behavior of the atom-field composite system gradually changes from the continuous Rabi interaction to the discontinuous quantum jumps as the atom-field coupling strength is reduced. The reduction occurs through enlarging the quantization volume of the mode so that the mode approaches one of the infinitely many modes of the thermal background.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.642-650
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• 2000

The pilot (human actor) involved in the control loop of the highly automated aircraft systems (machine actor) must be able to monitor these systems just as the machine actor must also be able to monitor the human actor. For its safety and better performance of the human machine system, each of the two elements must be knowledgeable about the other's intentions or goals. In fact, several recent accidents occurred due to goal conflicts between human and machines in a modern avionic system. To facilitate the coordination of these actors, a computational aid was developed. The aid, which operates in a part-task simulator environment, attempts to facilitate the management of the goals and functions being performed to accomplish them. To provide an accurate knowledge of both actors' goals and their function statuses, the aid uses agent-based objects representing the elements of the cockpit operations. This paper describes the development of the flightdeck goals and functions called Agenda Management.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.217-231
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to research the locational characteristics of commercial land use. So this study deals with the realation between land use pattern and the factors which influence commercial land use. To perform this purpose we choose Apgujung-Dong as a case study area which is specially characterized as fashion street. Commercial facilities are spreading into the inner residential areas in Apgujung-Dong. To raise the efficency accuracy of research, informations of lands and buildings are analysed with EXCEL, ARC/INFO, SPSS The results are : (1) The characteristics of lots and buildings in Apgujung-Dong are different in kinds of commercial facilities. (2) The floor where commercial facilities are to locate varies with functions. (3) Commercial land use pattern is influenced by lot size, building size and story, accessibility, adjacent land use, etc. (4) QS is a useful tool in relation with urban land use analysis.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.81-86
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• 2012

본 연구는 야간 차량과 보행자 안전을 보장하기 위해 설치된 가로등과 도시경관과 환경 측면 중요한 구성요소인 가로수와의 관계를 조명 시뮬레이션 기법을 통하여 상호간의 상충요인에 대하여 분석한다. 특히 최근 야간에 건강을 위한 걷기 운동자가 증가하고 있어 이들에 대한 야간 보행 안전에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 야간 걷기 운동자들의 보행 공간이 주로 주거지역에서 이루어짐으로 가로등의 역할이 상업지역에 비해 크다. 본 연구는 가로수의 유형과 성장이 보행로의 야간 조명에 미치는 영향을 시뮬레이션 기법을 통하여 분석하고 이를 개선하기 위하여 추가적 조명을 설치할 경우 고려하여야 할 사항에 대하여 제시하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.609-622
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• 2020

With the development of society, the scale of the statute is not only increasing, but also the content is getting complicated. The scale of safety standards existing in the law is also increasing and specialized, making it difficult to integrate and manage to minimize conflicts or overlaps among safety standards. For the integrated management of safety standards, a technology that searches for and extracts safety standards in laws and regulations must first be secured. In this study, considering the limitations of time and manpower, a tool for automatic detection of safety standards is developed based on several specific cases. The safety standards classified in the previous studies and the safety standards announced by the Ministry of Interior and Safety were analyzed, and also statute information which includes safety standards extracted by the National Disaster Management Institute in 2018 was collected. After the collected laws were refined and morphological analysis was performed, a safety standard thesaurus was constructed and indexed to develop a safety standard search tool. When automatic search tools are routinely applied to find safety standards in the future, it is expected that these tools will help to solve overlapping or conflicting problems of complex safety standards.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.155-171
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• 2016

Separation of management with ownership induces the agency problems between CEO and shareholders of Chinese firms. To solve this problem Chinese government has enforced the "stock incentive management law for stock listed companies" since 2006. However, it has not been clear that this law is beneficial to reduce the agency cost and thus to increase the performance of Chinese firms. This study aims to answer this question. It is specifically designed to explore the effects of CEO's stock incentive on the performance of Chinese firms. It also examines the moderating effects of the characteristics of the board of directors on this relationship. Using a multi-year sample (2008-2014), we found that CEO's stock incentive is positively related to firm's performance. We also found that the equity stakes of board members strengthens the positive relations between CEO's equity incentives and firms' performance. On the other hand, contrary to expectations, the independency of the board of directors does not significantly moderate the relationship between CEO's equity incentives and firms' performance. Based on the findings, this study provides valuable implication for theory and practice.