• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.202-210
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• 2005

Following ingestion, Salmonella must adhere to and colonize the intestinal epithelium of the host in order to establish infection. S. typhimurium synthesize several appendages that are believed to mediate attachment. These include type 1 fimbriae, plasmid-encoded (PE) fimbriae, long polar (LP) fimbriae, and thin aggregative fimbriae. However, the precise roles of these putative adhesins remain unclear, due to conflicting data in the literature. We constructed strains lacking four different fimbriae including type 1 fimbriae, PE fimbriae, LP fimbriae, and thin aggregative fimbriae, as well as strains lacking each fimbriae alone. In cell culture adhesion assays, these mutants adhered to several mammalian cell lines as well as wild-type S. typhimurium. These strains were also screened for virulence in mice, and all strains were virulent or nearly as virulent as their wild-type parents. In contrast, When a strain lacking four fimbriae was screened for virulence in chicks, it was found to be highly attenuated. This suggests a role for either type 1 fimbriae, PE fimbriae, LP fimbriae or thin aggregative fimbriae or a combination of thease fimbriae in the colonization of chicks. It also suggests that differences exist with respect to the surface structures that mediate attachment of Salmonella in chicks as compared with mice.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.417-426
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• 1999

The present investigation is designed to provide basic information on fine structure of the skin of the sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicks in relation to study of epidermal change with environmental and physiological change. The skin of the sea bass is divided into the epidermal layer and dermal layer. Epidermal layer consists of supporting cells and unicellular glands. The supporting cells were classified into the superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell. Gland cells were classified into the mucous secretory cell and club cell which is more frequently observed. Superficial cell of epidermal layer is squamous or cuboidal and contains well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and the surface is covered with numerous microridges. Superficial cells are connected to another cell with membrane interdigitations and desmosomes. Intermediated cell is ovoid and the electron density is higher than the other supporting cells. Basal cell is cuboidal and has a well-developed mitochondria and membrane interdigitation. The mucous secretory cell has a numerous membrane bounded secretory granules. The cytoplasm of club cell is divided into cortex and medullar. The medullar cytoplasm has a nucleus, intracellular organelles and central vacuole, and the cortical cytoplasm has a well-developed tonofilament. Club cells are connected to another cell with well -developed membrane interdigitations and desmosomes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

Experimatal maxillary sinusitis was induced in New Zealand white rabbits by blocking the maxillary sinus ostium. The distribution of lectin receptors was explored in the mucosa with induced maxillary sinusitis using colloidal gold label complex with lectin WGA purified from wheat germ (Triticum vulgaris). The lectin WGA gold complex, shown to recognize GlcNac (N-acetylglucosamine) and NeuNAc (N-acetylneuraminic acid) regions, was applied to detect binding sites in Lowicryl HM 20 sections and viewed under the electron microscope. An increased height of the cylindric cells, ciliary loss and hyperplasia of the secretory cells were observed. Examination of normal sinus mucosa labeled with gold-labeled lectins showed the distribution of sialoglycoconjugates to be mainly in the ciliary layer and the granules in the secretory cells. Inflamed mucosa had increased labeling intensity of gold-labeled WGA in the cilia and the secretory granules. These results indicate that lectin WGA receptors are located in the cilia and secretory granules. Specific changes in the lectin binding pattern were apparent in the inflamed mucosa in the experimentally induced acute sinusitis, in comparison with normal mucosa, conceivably as a part of host defense reactions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.559-565
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• 1997

Donor airway ischemia is a significant problem after tracheal replacement with homograft or lung transplantation, Several factors such as omentopexy, heparin, PGl2 and fibroblast growth factor, have been shown to induce angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This study was designed to investigate whether omentopexy and basic flbroblast growth factor can enhance rabbit tracheal revascularization and epithelial regeneration, Three different experiments were performed with New Zealand white rabbit. In group I(n= 15 control group), only coNical tracheal autotransplantation was done. In group II(n= 15), cervical tracheal autotransplantation with omentopexy was done through subcutaneous route. In group III(n= 15), cervical tracheal autotransplantation was done and lug basic flbroblast growth factor was applied. After 3, 7 and 14 days, the animals were sacrificed. The extent of revascularization was investigated by means of uptake of the human serum albumin labelled with 99m technetium, and epithelial regeneration were assessed by means of light microscope. In the group investigated at day 3, there was statistically significant high tracheal revascularization in group III(p<0.05), but no difference at 7 and 14 days. And epithelial regenerations at day 3 were better in group III(p<0.05), and at day 7 in group II and III. But there was no difference at day 14. We concluded that b-FGF can enhance the revascularization and epithelial regeneration of the tracheal autograft especially in early phase.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.88-88
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• 1996

선천성 또는 외상등에 의한 후천성 기도 협착의 치료는 아직도 어려운 문제중 하나로서 해결하여야 할 많은 과제를 내포하고 있다. 특히 안정되고 유연한 구조적인 골격과 함께 호흡성상피로 피복되는 기관점막은 기관기능 보존에 있어 필수적 조건이다. 저자들은 현재까지 보고자에 따라 견해 차이가 있는, 이식연골막 및 이식점막의 운명에 대하여 시기에 따른 형태학적 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 즉 저자들은 혈행성 복합피판의 형태로 이식한 점막에 일어나는 변화를 형태학적으로 연구하였으며, 대조군으로는 혈행이 유지되지 않는 유리이식(free graft)으로 구성된 복합피판을 이용하였다. 또한 면역조직화학적 염색을 통해 이식 초기에 일어나는, 이식점막과 결손부 주변조직사이의 재생능의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 토끼 40마리를 두 군으로 나누어 각 군당 20마리씩으로 하였으며 술후 각각 2주, 4주, 6주 및 8주에 기관에 이식한 피판을 조직학적으로 분석하였다. 섬모의 재생상태는 주사현미경을 통해 관찰하였으며 각 군당 4마리의 토끼를 술 후 1일과 2일에 Brdu-Anti Brdu로 염색하여 결손된 점막의 주변부와 이식한 점막사이의 재생능이 복합피판의 구성에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 1. 혈행성의 복합피판으로 구성된 구강점막은 원주상피로 화생(metaplasia)하는 경향을 보였으나 유리 연골막에 부착한 구강점막에서는 괴사가 진행되면서 주위의 점막에서 성장해 들어가는 양상을 보였다. 2. Brdu-Anti Brdu 염색의 결과, 복합피판의 구성에 따라 이식점막과 주위 기관상피의 염색양상에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.39.3-40
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• 1981

Concerning the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma in attic, there has been postulated theories by immigration from the Shrapnell's portion of the tympanic membrane, posterosuperior quardrant of the deep meatal skin and invagination of the margin of the central perforation. Otherwise, squamous metaplasia of the epithelium lining the middle ear cleft has been supported as a possible cause of cholesteatoma. Clinically, there has been known of the facts that cholesteatoma is formed in the attic but the pathogenesis concerning the acquired cholesteatoma is not still exactly reported. Recently, authors analyzed 170 cases of cholesteatomatous middle ear performed the operation to the middle ear cleft. On the operation finding, when the primary focus of the cholesteatoma was in the attic, we observed two types of perforation, marginal and central perforation in the Shrapnell's portion, and retraction to the Prussak's space, bony defect on the Rivinus notch. Among 36 cases of the cholesteatoma, the perforation of the Shrapnell's portion are 5 cases. Bony defect on the Rivinus notch and marginal perforation on the posterosuperior quadrant of the Shrapnell's portion are 21 cases. Among these cases, 3 cases are combined with central perforation of the Shrapnell's portion. Conclusively, the reasons that cholesteatoma is favorable site in the attic: 1) Excretion of the inflammatory discharge in the attic is difficult because of the distance of the E-tube. 2) The Shrapnell's portion has less collagen fiber than the pars tensa and it is thin because the elastic fibers are rich in it. It is easy to retract within the Prussak's space to the cases of keratinizing hyperplasia. 3) The epidermis attached at the Rivinus notch of the superior portion on the Shrapnell's portion is invaginated through the destructed bony wall of the Rivinus notch and the margin of the tympanic membrane in the response to the keratinizing hyperplasia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 1996

Background: Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) can prime phagocytic cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes or animal peritoneal macrophages to generate increased amounts of secretory products such as oxygen free radicals and tumor necrosis factor, which play an important role in developing adult respiratory distress syndrome in gram negative sepsis. Human alveolar macrophages(HAM) are continuously exposed to various stimuli inhaled into the alveoli, and the response to LPS might be different in HAM. Therefore, we investigated the effect of LPS pre-exposure on HAM adhered to plastic surface and A549 cell(type II human alveolar epithelial cell line) monolayer. Methods: HAM were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from normal lung of the patients with localized lung cancer and esophageal cancer. LPS was exposed to HAM for 2hrs before or after adherence to plastic surface of 24-well Linbro plate and A549 cell monolayer. And then HAM was stimulated with PMA(phorbol myristate acetate) or fMLP(N-formyl-methionylleucyl-phenylalanine). The amount of hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) production in the supernatant was measured on the principle of peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red by hydrogen peroxide. Results: LPS pre-exposure could not enhance $H_2O_2$ production in neither HAM adhered to plastic surface nor one to A549 cell monolayer. But LPS even in the absence of PMA or fMLP stimulation directly increased $H_2O_2$ release in HAM if added after the adherence to A549 cell monolayer. Conclusion: Endotoxin does not prime HAM, but may directly activate HAM adhered to alveolar epithelial cells. Further investagation will be necessary.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 1987

Pemphigus vulgar교의 본태(本態)를 알아보기 위한 일환으로 본질병(本疾病)의 병변조직(病變組織)을 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的)으로 관찰(觀察)하고 본질병(本疾病)에 관여(關與)하는 세포(細胞)들에 대(對)해 면역전자현미경적(免疫電子顯微鏡的)으로 추구(追究)하였던 바, 그 결과(結果)를 보고(報告)하는 바이다. 견(犬)의 pemphigus vulgaris의 구강(口腔) 및 식도(食道)의 점막층(粘膜層)을 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的)으로 관찰(觀察)하였던 바 acantholysis를 일으켜도 desmosome과 기저막(基底膜)은 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으며 세포간(細胞間)은 세포간물질(細胞間物質)의 집적(集積)에 의(依)해 확장(擴張)되고 이들 세포간강물질(細胞間腔物質)은 집괴(集塊) 또는 무구조(無構造)한 물질(物質)로 나타났다. 그리고 기저세포(基底細胞)는 기저막(基底膜)에 단단히 부착(附着)되어 있었고 dendritic cell이 기저세포층(基底細胞層)위로 분포(分布)되어 있었으며, 이들 dendritic cell 중(中)에서는 가끔 여러 형태(形態)의 퇴행성변화(退行性變化)를 볼 수 있었다. Mouse 피부유리상피세포(皮膚遊離上皮細胞)에 있어서 immunogold-labeling 방법(方法)에 의해 dendritic cell을 동정(同定)하는 데에는 post-fixation, pre-embedding immunogold-labeling technique가 좋았으며 15nm와 40nm 크기의 colloid-fold 입자(粒子)로 Langerhans cell과 Thy-1양성(陽性) dendritic cell이 표식(標識)될 수 있었다. 이들 세포(細胞)들은 세포막항원(細胞膜抗元)에 따라 monoclonal antibody의 반응(反應)에 이어 치밀한 colloid-gold 입자(粒子)가 세포막표면(細胞膜表面)을 따라 일정(一定)하게 표식(標識)되었다. 또한 이들 상피세포(上皮細胞)들을 투과전자현미경적(透過電子顯微鏡的)으로 관찰(觀察)하였을 때 초미세구조(超微細構造)가 잘 보존(保存)되었으나 Langer-hans cell내(內)의 Birbeck granule은 유리전(遊離前) 피부상피조직내(皮膚上皮組織內)의 Langerhans cell내(內)의 Birbeck granule에 비(比)해 수적(數的)으로 현저히 감소(減少)되어 있었다. 그러나 Thy-1 양성(陽性) dendritic cell에서 볼 수 있는 dense-core 과립(顆粒)은 별변화(別變化)없이 쉽게 관찰(觀察)될 수 있었다. 조직배양(組織培養)을 한 견(犬)의 keratinocyte에 대(對)해 사람 pemphigus vulgaris의 항체(抗體)로 반응(反應)시킨 후 protein-A gold(15 nm)로 표식(標識)시킨 바 제일 바깥 상층(上層)의 keratinocyte에 있어서 세포막표면(細胞膜表面)을 따라 표식(標識)되어 세포막항원(細胞膜抗元)을 나타내었으며, 이와 같은 소견(所見)으로 미루어 정상피부(正常皮膚) 중층편평상피세포(重層扁平上皮細胞)에서도 동일(同一)한 소견(所見)을 관찰(觀察)할 수 있다고 본다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

H. pylori is known to be a key pathogen of chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers. Bacterial adhesion to hosts is an essential step for bacterial infection and the inhibition of this adhesion provides a possible method for the treatment of the infection. The inhibitory effect of antibody lgY, produced from immunized hens with H. pylori antigen, was studied in vitro. The inhibition of H. pylori adhesion to AGS was as high as 90% using 0.5mg/ml of lgY, and almost 80% of the detachmentwas also achieved. The inhibitory effect of adhesion-inhibition candidates was investigated. Additives in combination with lgY increased the adhesion-inhibiting effect by about 30-50%. However, the adhesion molecules of H. pylori were varied and complex, therefore the further studies are necessary to develop an adhesion inhibitor and effective enough to be employed for the treatment of H.pylori, in vivo.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2014

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in maintaining the visual function and the degeneration of the RPE causes several retinal degeneration disease. In order to fabricate the suitable carrier for RPE transplantation, the hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) film with hesperidin was prepared. Hesperidin has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. ARPE-19 was seeded on hesperidin/PLGA film and then, cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay, and cell adhesion and cell morphology were confirmed by SEM. Also, RT-PCR was performed to confirm the expression of the specific genes, and AEC immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of RPE65. As a result, we confirmed that attachment, proliferation and phenotype maintenance of RPE cells were more excellent on hesperidin/PLGA film than PLGA film, thereby we were able to confirm the potential applications of hesperidin/PLGA film as tissue engineering carrier for regeneration of retina.