• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.246-253
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• 2016

The optimal time for the removal of supernumerary teeth can be divided into two groups; early removal and late removal. While each group has its own advantages, the effects on maxillary central incisor can be significant. The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal time for the removal of the supernumerary teeth by evaluating 166 patients for three months after surgical removal of supernumerary teeth. Relatively young patients in early Hellman's dental stage with less developed or unerupted maxillary central incisor had less midline deviation. No statistical significance was found in diastema, rotation of the maxillary incisors and their changes during a follow-up period. Removal of supernumerary teeth should be considered as a preventative measure prior to eruption of the maxillary incisors when the midline deviation is observed in panoramic radiographic examination. This study will be useful in determining the optimal time for the removal of supernumerary teeth depending on the location of the maxillary incisors. This study will be informative on deciding the optimal time to remove the supernumerary teeth depending on the various positions of the maxillary central incisor. (this sentence is better to use)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.529-533
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• 2006

Supernumerary teeth are defined as an excess in the number of teeth when compared to the normal dental formula. They are more prevalent in the permanent dentition than the primary dentition. Supernumerary teeth can occur in the maxilla, mandible, or both. But the majority are found in the maxilla and most of it is found in the premaxilla region The present cases documents about the uncommon cases of supernumarary teeth on maxillarty premolar area and mandibular incisal area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.772-781
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• 2016

This study is to set the objective criteria on maxillary incisors shade selection by using the colorimetric Shade-Eye NCC as measuring in CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values, and look into the meaning by analyzing its values. We explain the purpose of this study and gotten their agreement from patients visiting the dentist, 111 people's (men 50, women 61) three teeth, the maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary canines, total of 333 teeth colorimetry. As a result of comparing the differences in colors between cervical margin and incisal edge, ${\Delta}E^*$ of canine is shown as low as $5.81({\pm}2.98)$, followed by lateral incisor of maxilla as $6.51({\pm}3.23)$ and central incisor of maxilla $7.51({\pm}3.04)$. Females show higher luminosity(L*) than males do in all teeth- central incisor, lateral incisor and canine; in yello chroma(b*) males' central incisor is slightly higher than that of females (p<0.05). Age significantly influences the luminosity and red (a*) and yellow chroma (b*) of central incisor(L*); the luminosity(L*), and yellow chroma(b*) of lateral incisor and canine (p<0.05). Smoking doesn't significantly influence the color of natural teeth. Drinking reduces the luminosity of central incisor as well as red chroma of lateral incisor(p<0.05). A chronic illness is likely to reduce the luminosity of central incisor and lateral incisor(p<0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

Mesiodens is defined as a supernumerary tooth in the premaxillary region. It can cause several clinical manifestations in normal eruption and position of adjacent teeth, such as displacement and impaction. Although the mesiodens accompanied by a clinical complication is indicated for removal, the optimal time of mesiodens removal is still controversial. Some authors suggest immediate intervention defining the removal of mesiodens as soon as possible after the first detection. On the other hand, others recommend delayed intervention which denotes the removal of mesiodens after complete root development of adjacent teeth. This case report is presented with three cases of spontaneous correction and proper alignment of rotated maxillary central incisors by extraction of mesiodens when the crowns of rotated incisors were completely formed while the roots of them were at an early developmental stage.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.686-692
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• 2006

The impacted teeth were surgically exposed by the closed-eruption technique and orthodontically retracted. The subject of this study are 24 patients(Mx. insiors; 10 Mx. canines; 14) who finished their treatment. The periodontal condition of the impacted teeth and the normally erupted proximal and opposed teeth were compared and analysed. The results are the followings ; 1. When the gingival index, plaque index, pocket depth and attached gingiva in periodontal evaluation were compared, there was no significant difference between the study group and the control group (P>0.05). 2. When the alveolar bone support of the mesial and the distal surface of the maxillary central incisors and proximal teeth was compared, there was no significant difference between the study group and the control group (P<0.05). 3. When the alveolar bone support of the maxillary canines was compared, there was no significant difference between the retracted teeth and the normally erupted teeth(P>0.05). The results above showed that the surgical exposure by closed-eruption technique followed by the orthodontic retraction of the impacted teeth has a positive influence on the regeneration of gingival tissue in clinical practice and is esthetically more stable. And it is considered that the clinicians should give attention to the direction of retraction power and the maintenance of normal shape of the alveolar bone in treatment of maxillary central incisors.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.414-427
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the color distribution of maxillary permanent incisors in Korean pediatric patients and determine the effects of age and root developmental stage on tooth color. The L^*a^*b^* values of 404 sound and fully erupted maxillary incisors without dental caries, restorations, trauma history or discoloration from 101 Korean patients between ages 7 and 15, with a mean age 10.0 ± 1.5, were analyzed with a spectrophotometer. CIE L^*a^*b^* values were 84.01, 0.17, and 24.07 in maxillary central incisors, and 82.33, 0.31, and 25.99 in maxillary lateral incisors. L^* values of maxillary central incisors were higher, and b^* values of maxillary central incisors were lower than those of maxillary lateral incisors (p < 0.001). The color differences among the subregions exceeded the clinical perceptibility threshold in both of the maxillary central and lateral incisors. L^* value for children at age 10 and younger was 84.13 in maxillary central incisors and 84.04 in maxillary lateral incisors, and those of older patients were 80.62 and 80.56, respectively. L^* value of maxillary incisors of children at age 10 and younger was significantly higher than that of older patients. The root developmental stage did not affect tooth color. This study suggests that the color differences between maxillary central and lateral incisors and among the subregions of a tooth and the effects of age should be considered for aesthetic restorations of permanent incisors in pediatric patients.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.519-525
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• 2007

Supernumerary tooth is developed from overgrowth of dental laminar and is mainly observed in the maxillary anterior area, named 'mesiodens. Mesiodens cause many problems such as malposition of permanent anterior tooth, diastema, formation of cyst, and eruption to oral or nasal cavity. Extraction, therefore, is generally recommended choice of treatment. This case report describes that the patient is a 9 years and 8 months old boy, whose unilateral maxillary incisor was missing due to trauma, and he had a mesiodens. We practiced autotransplantation of the mesiodens to the missing maxillary central incisor area and then restored with prosthetics, substantially kept out alveolar bony resorption and provided esthetic appearance. Mesiodens was too small to be used as an abutment because its length is totally 14mm, so that poor prognosis was anticipated due to bad crown/root ratio. However, we observed clinically acceptable result during the observation period of 8 months after operation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.406-411
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• 2004

Inverted Impaction of the permanent maxillary central incisor is rare. The causes of impaction are trauma and periapical inflammation of primary maxillary incisor teeth. Treatment options for a inverted incisor is extraction, surgery and orthodontic traction, transplantation, and spontaneous eruption guidance. Treatment depends on the incisor's root development and the space available for eruption. If root development is immature, prognosis would be good. We reported successful treatment for inverted maxially central incisor of proper eruption and normal root development by correction of a eruption route. But further observation will be required to evaluate the final root development state and amount of at tachment gingiva.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.550-556
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• 2005

Tooth impaction is defined as a cessation of the eruption of a tooth at the level of the oral mucosa or alveolar bone by any causes. Any tooth in the dental arch can be impacted, but the teeth frequently involved in a descending order are the mandibular and maxillary third molars, the maxillary canines, the mandibular and maxillary second premolars, and the maxillary central incisors. In these teeth, impaction of maxillary incisor occurs in about 0.1-0.5% and major causes are trauma, supernumerary teeth and periapical inflammation of primary maxillary incisor. Delayed eruption of a maxillary central incisor results in midline shift, the space's being occupied by an adjacent tooth and different levels of alveolar height. Treatment options are observation, surgical intervention, surgical exposure and orthodontic traction, transplantation and extraction. These cases were about the patients with delayed eruption of maxillary central incisor. We surgically exposed impacted tooth and guided it into normal position by the orthodontic traction. At the completion of traction, the maxillary central incisor was positoned fairly within the arch and complications such as root resorption were not observed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.368-373
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• 2010

The incisors function as instruments for biting and cutting food during mastication. They also support the lips and face and maintain vertical dimension. In addition, they contribute to overall normal arch appearance. They play important role during the articulation of speech and assist in guiding jaw closure. Extraction and space maintenance are the most common treatment for a tooth with poor prognosis. However, in the mixed dentition, extraction of the upper permanent incisors results in many complications, such as resorption of alveolar bone, poor esthetics, pronunciation, and mastication. Considering these various roles of incisors in oral cavity, approach for traumatized incisors, even the ones with poor prognosis, should be considered first prior to simple extraction. The dentist must take into account the age of the patient, growth potential, occlusion, oral hygiene status, economic status and motivation towards dental health in addition to patient compliance. In this case, although the prognosis was predicted to be unfavorable due to short root and mobility, we could save the central incisor using conservative treatment, reposition by orthodontic appliance instead of extraction.