• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2021

In this paper, we analyzed the possibility of utilizing LX-PPS GNSS permanent stations whose antennas are installed on the building rooftop for the purpose of high-precision GNSS positioning services. We picked 15 pairs of adjacent GNSS permanent stations operated by LX-PPS and NGII, and then produced 3-year-long time series using the high-precision data processing software called GIPSY. Patterns and trends of position estimates were compared and analyzed. Horizontal and vertical deviations including the linear velocities coincide with the well-known crustal deformation rates of the Korean peninsula. We also observed almost the same annual or seasonal patterns from those nearby sites. After detrending the linear velocity, the amplitude and phase of annual signals almost perfectly match each other within the baseline length of 2 km. By subtracting seasonal signals, the RMS and standard deviations in LX-PPS PPGR with respect to NGII KANR are about 1, 2, and 5 mm in the north-south, east-west, and vertical directions, respectively. From this analysis it can be concluded that the rooftop-installed LX-PPS sites show similar level of stability and positioning performance comparable to those ground-mounted NGII stations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.88-93
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• 2003

국토공간정보의 기반인 수치지도 제작을 위해서는 위치에 대한 정확한 정보가 요구되며 이러한 정보는 GPS를 이용한 방법이 대표시 되고 있다. 우리나라도 GPS를 이용한 위치결정 방법의 효율성과 정확성을 확보하기 위해 전 국토에 걸쳐 24시간 위성데이터를 취득할 수 있는 70여개의 GPS 상시관측소를 설치 운영하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 GPS 상시관측소 데이터의 효과적인 활용 방안을 모색하기 위해 행정자치부와 국리지리원에서 설치 운영하며 호남권에 위치한 5곳의 상시관측소를 대상으로 각기 고정위치를 달리하여 기선해석과 망조정을 수행하여 고정위치에 따른 3차원 절대좌표의 정밀도를 분석하였다. 현재 행정자치부의 3곳의 상시관측소 절대위치는 고시되지 않아 국립지리원 고시 성과를 기준으로 고시성과와 계산성과의 3차원 절대 좌표를 비교하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

In general, it is necessary to establish the dedicated GPS base station at the central point of the survey area in GPS/INS aerotriangulation. Although this base station is needed to achieve the required survey accuracy, there are some difficulties in practical operation. To tackle these difficulties and to achieve the effective GPS/INS aerotriangulation, the GPS data of CORS was interpolated and used in stead of those of the usual ground base station. Through this study, it was found that the interpolated CORS data was accurate enough to substitute dedicated GPS base station in GPS/INS aerotriangulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.245-258
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• 2015

This study aimed to conduct the standardization of various specifications for determining the proper construction and operation of domestic CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station). To achieve the plan, the standardization was proposed for various compositions of CORS, such as the data quality, structure, and equipment. Also, we have studied the method for empirically determining the reference values of QC (Quality Check) of CORS data. Those large amounts of samples for each QC index values were built to approach in empirical and statistical methods. In fact, those general and recommended reference values were determined from analyzing the sample distributions, using the empirical and statistical approaches. The result is expected to be utilized for a variety of research fields for standardization, accurate data acquisitions and service operations for the domestic CORS

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.479-484
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• 2010

In the airborne laser survey with GPS/INS, based on kinematic, the installation and operation of GPS base stations is necessary to allow three-dimensional location coordinates to be obtained quickly and precisely. However, in many cases, GPS base stations operate under difficult conditions. In this paper, we investigate the substitutability of continuously operating reference stations (CORS) for base stations, and we examine the influence of the distance between aircraft GPS and CORS on the Z-value. The results of our study demonstrate that, if the performance of GPS base stations within regulation distance is replaced with that of CORS, sufficient accuracy is guaranteed. Moreover, the performance of CORS beyond regulation distance is fairly good.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.109-113
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• 2003

GPS 상시관측소의 활용과 중요성은 GPS측량에서 폭넓은 사용과 비교적 높은 정확도를 충족시키는 방안으로 점점 가치를 더 하고 있다. 현재 RINEX 포맷 형태로 인터넷 서비스를 하고 있는 GPS 상시관측소의 자료를 이용하여 기준점으로써의 가치를 평가하고 또한 시간과 경비를 줄일 수 있는 방법인 VRS-GPS기법을 연구하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 임의의 기준국을 설치하여, 기존 삼각점과 GPS 상시관측소를 이용해 관측망을 형성, 그 결과를 비교 고찰하였으며 이 기준국을 RTK-GPS의 고정국으로 하여 실시간 측위를 하였다. 고정국은 전자 가상 기준국인 VRS-RTK 개념으로 가정하고 비교, 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.361-367
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• 2010

We produced continuous vertical time series of 14 permanent GPS stations operated by National Geographic Information Institute by processing about five years of data. Then we computed the height velocities by using a linear regression fitting of those time series, and did principal component analysis to understand the overall characteristics of the series. The prominent signal obtained as the first mode of PCA results showed an average of 4.2 mm/yr vertical velocity. The values of the first mode eigenvectors were consistent at all sites. Thus, we concluded that all the 14 stations are uplifting nearly at the same velocity for the test period. Then changes of precision before and after removing the first mode signal from the 14 height time series were analyzed. As a result, the precision improved 34.8% on average.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2007

National Geographic Information Institute has installed the first permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) station SUWN in 1995 and, as of today, the number of sites is 14. In this study, we visited all the 14 stations and determined if the site mount and antenna configuration conforms to the international site guidelines published by International GNSS Service and National Geodetic Survey. The environment around each station was also checked for the possibility of causing positioning errors. In addition, the GPS data quality was evaluated using the quality-checking program called TEQC. As a result of site visits, we found that low stations (TABK, CHJU, KWNJ, and WNJU) have unfavorable environment and TEQC results validated it. TEQC results also showed that the GPS receiver change during years 2005-2006 reduced the multipath errors and the number of cycle slips at every station.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.22.3-22.3
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• 2011

최근 일본 동북부 지역에서 리히터 규모 9.0의 대지진이 발생하였으며, 이로 인하여 일본 본토 및 주변지역의 지각 이동이 관측되고 있다. 한반도의 경우 일본에 비해 지진에 비교적 안정적이라고 알려져 있으나 활성단층대가 존재하고 리히터 규모 3.5이하의 지진이 년간 30~40여 차례 발생하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 위성항법기반 재난/재해 감지 연구의 일환으로써 일본 대지진이 한반도 지각 이동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 현재 국내에는 100여개의 GPS 상시관측소가 운영되고 있으며, 다양한 선행 연구를 통해 동남쪽 방향으로 2~3cm/yr 속도로 이동하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 선행 연구 결과를 바탕으로 일본 지진 발생 전후의 국내 GPS 상시관측소 좌표 변동량을 분석하였다. GPS 자료 처리를 위하여 GIPSY-OASIS 5.0을 이용하였으며, 안테나 위상중심변동량(phase center variation), 해수조석하중(Ocean tidal loading)에 의한 지각변동량을 보정하였다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.371-382
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• 2004

Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) provides GPS measurements to support high accuracy CPS positioning. The CORS improves GPS positioning productivity by eliminating the requirement for GPS users to operate two receivers. Previously, this is achieved by providing data from CORS to users in post-mission mode. However, the efficiency of the CORS will be maximized by upgrading it in real-time operation using RTK-GPS surveying because users can obtain centimeter-level accuracy in real-time without operating their own reference stations. In this research, authors extracted the arbitrary point's coordinate which is using GPS CORS data, now served in RINEX FORMAT via Internet, with observation network of the existing triangulation and GPS CORS data. And then, RTK GPS was performed with this arbitrary point as reference station.