• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 2008

The effects of soil acidification on the seedling growth and nutrition of Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima were investigated. The relationship between the seedling growth and molar (Ca+Mg+K)/Al ratio of in soil solution was examined. The results suggested that growth inhibition of seedling Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima was due to the low pH of soil solution, which was followed by leach of Al into soil solution, and decrease of essential elements, such as Ca in aerial pant of the seeding caused by the increase of Al concentration in subterranean pant of the seedlings. The level of growth inhibition was determined not only by Al concentration, but also by the balance of inorganic elements, Al, Ca, Mg and K. The growths of two species in total dry weight were clearly inhibited when molar (Ca+Mg+K)/Al ratio of the soil was lower than 6.0. The growth in dry weight, in the condition of the molar ratio was 0.8, was decreased 60% or 50% for the seedling of Pinus densiflora or Quercus acutissima respectively. It was concluded that the molar (Ca+Mg+K)/ Al ratio could be an important index for evaluation of the effects of soil acidification, due to acid deposition such as acid rain, on growth of trees and nutrition. And it might be a more useful indicator for evaluation of critical load of acid deposition on forest ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 2010

A simple extraction method was applied to control four selected cyanobacteria, solitary (SMA) and colonial Microcystis aeruginosa (CMA), and green algae, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris using a domestic plant and mineral. Three kinds of concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg $L^{-1}$) of three fresh plants Camellia sinensis, Quercus acutissima, and Castanea crenata, three minerals loess, quartz porphyry, and natural zeolite, and plant-mineral composite, totally seven materials were prepared with the simple extraction processes: drying and grinding of material, water-extraction by high temperature-sonication and filtering. Cyanobacteria SMA and CMA (over 60% of control) were effectively inhibited with the low concentration (1 mg $L^{-1}$) of plants Q. acutissima and C. crenata and natural zeolite, while green alga S. quadricauda (below 50% of control) also retarded in growth. Low concentrations (1 mg $L^{-1}$) of C. sinensis effectively increased the growth of C. vulgaris, while loess also induced the algal growth of S. quadricauda. Therefore, our results indicate that crude extract of domestic plants, Q. acutissima and C. crenata can be also useful to control the cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic lake, whereas C. sinensis and loess may be a good growth factor or useful media for the algal mass culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.357-363
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• 2019

This study was conducted to develop a stem volume table for Quercus acutissima in Korea by using Kozak's stem taper equation. In total, 2700 tree samples were collected around the country, and growth performance was investigated through compiling data on diameters by stem height and stem analysis. In order to test the stem taper equation's fitness, the fitness index (FI), bias, and mean absolute deviation (MAD) were analyzed. The fitness of the equation was estimated at 97%, bias as 0.017, and MAD turned out to be 1.118, respectively. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant volume difference between the current volume table and the new volume table (p = 0.0008, <0.005). The result indicates that using the new volume table that reflects the actual forest will reduce the loss when assessing wood resources and will improve the accuracy of forest statistics for national and local governments. A stem volume table, the main result of this research, which is utilized in the estimated stem taper equation, will provide growth information for Quercus acutissima, one of the main broadleaf species in Korea, and will function as a management indicator for rational forest management.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.108-119
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• 1996

Several parameters of hydraulic architecture relating to hydraulic conductance in xylem vessels were investigated in the current-year shoots of six species of deciduous oak trees. The above parameters were also investigated in the sprouts of Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis, as well as in the seedlings of Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima. The values of specific conductivity, leaf specific conductivity and Hagen-Poiseuille's relative hydraulic conductivity relating to vessel diameter of Q. dentata were the highest in all of the species studied. The above values of most of the species studied were higher in May-June than in September-October because of increasing the vessel embolism by cavitation and so on through the growing season. The estimated values of relative hydraulic conductivity of vessel by Hagen-Poiseuille's empirical equation and the real values of hydraulic conductivity presented positive relationships in most of the species studied. Huber value and leaf specific conductity using leaf area or leaf weight generally exhibited similar patterns each other even if having some exceptions. The hydraulic conductances of sprouting shoots were much better than those of normal growing shoots in Q. rnongolica and Q. variabilis. The specific conductivity and leaf specific conductivity were rapidly decreased by the vessel embolism through cavitating just after cutting the shoots in Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima seedlings. Diurnal changes of the conductivities in the seedlings of Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima presented the possibility of their self-controlling of conductance by active moisture absorption under mild water stress. Specific conductivity and leaf specific conductivity, and so on of Q. acutissima seedlings subjected to periodical moisture stress or not have decreased through the growing season, but the influences of moisture stress to the conductance were not proved definitely because of influencing similarly and simultaneously to the development of xylem and leaf having inverse relation in the influences. The values of conductivities were higher generally in middle or upper parts of stems than root collar in the seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.618-638
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• 2018

This study examined the vegetation structure in the ridge of the Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek by selecting 7 sites(2 sites at Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and 5 sites at Geumbuk-Jeongmaek) in consideration of the environmental conditions and artificial influences and conducting the vegetation survey in the selected sites. The community classification based on TWINSPAN categorized the vegetation at Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek into 8 groups: Quercus variabilis-Q. acutissima community, Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis community, P. densiflora-Deciduous oaks community, P. koraiensis community, Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis community, and Larix kaempferi-P. koraiensis community. It also categorized the vegetation at Geumbuk-Jeongmaek into 9 groups: Quercus variabilis community, Deciduous broad-leaved community, Q. mongolica community, Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis community, Q. acutissima community, P. densiflora-Q. acutissima-Q. variabilis community, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica-P. rigida community, P. densiflora-P. thunbergii-Deciduous oaks community, and P. koraiensis community. Two species, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora, which are widely distributed in the ridges of the Jeongmaeks and Baekdudaegan in South Korea, were dominant in many of the surveyed sites. The appearance of planted Castanea crenata in some plots, although not in high population, suggests human intervention in most regions of the Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek in the past. The Gayasan area, which is part of the Geumbuk-Jeongmaek and where the maritime climate and continental climate overlap, showed Pinus thunbergii, reflecting the local climate characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.393-395
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• 2006

조사된 덕동산은 크게 소나무군락, 리기다소나무군락, 그리고 밤나무군락으로 이루어져 있으며 이들 군락들의 사이에 혼재림이 존재하고 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 상수리나무의 침입으로 인해 새로운 천이가 이루어지는 상황이 나타났다. 그러나 이 지역의 소나무 제선충의 심각성으로 인하여 이들 소나무의 생존이 위협받고 있는 상황이므로 대체수종의 필요성이 무엇보다 중요한 시점으로 사료되어진다. 또한 많은 주민들이 이용하는 지역이므로 그에 따른 훼손의 심각성이 나타나는바 이에 대한 대책이 강구되어야 할 것이다.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1999

To get the best result from vacuum freeze drying of water-logged wood, it is necessary for objects to find out the best conditions such as chemicals, appropriate concentration of solution, impregnation method and etc. Such best conditions could be set up by pre-treatment experiments. Two kinds of wood(Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Quercus acutissima Carruth) were pre-treated by four methods: 2-step PEG treatment(PEG#200-PEG#4000), sorbitol treatment, PEG#200+PEG#4000 treatment, and sorbitol+PEG#4000 treatment. After those pre-treatment, vacuum freeze-drying was undertaken. Then the effect of dimensional stability were compared. When using 2-step PEG treatment, a solution of 60% PEG #4000 got the best dimensional stability for pine and in case of the oak, a solution of 40% PEG#4000 got the best. Sorbitol treatment got rather good result for the pine only when applied with 40% solution of sorbitol. Sorbitol, PEG#200+PEG#4000 and sorbitol+PEG#4000 treatments to the oak didn't affect on dimensional stability sufficiently.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.577-584
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• 2009

This study was conducted to verify the types of village forest in Gyeongsan City, North Gyeongsang Province, and a total of 32 village forests were investigated. The result indicated that village forests in Gyeongsan City can be classified as 8 village enterance forests(25.0%), 6 hillside forests(18.8%), 7 streamside forests(21.9%), and 11 village peripheral forests(34.4%). The major tree species in the village enterance forests are as follows: Zelkova serrata(34.3%), Ginkgo biloba(11.2%) and Robinia pseudoacacia(10.5%). The major tree species in hillside forests are: Pinus densiflora(56.8%), Quercus acutissima(26.4%) and Zelkova serrata(4.3%). The major tree species in the streamside forests are: Zelkova serrata(40.4%), Salix chaenomeloides var. chaenomeloides(27.1%) and Cornus wateri(5.5%). The major tree species in the village peripheral forests are: Zelkova serrata(21.7%), Quercus acutissima(10.8%) and Cornus walteri(8.9%). The habitat fragmentation due to transportation infrastructure, the function of habitats for village forests has deteriorated. In order to improve it, the management plan should be implemented and the seedlings of village forest trees should be carefully selected and propagated. Furthermore, the public should be educated about the importance of preserving and developing those village forests.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2004

The egg, larva, and pupa of Paracycnotrachelus longiceps (Motschulsky) are described and illustrated. The species is a well-known forest pest and lives on such host plants as Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. mongolica, and Q. serrata. Taxonomic notes and cradle structure are also provided.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.93
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• pp.9-11
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• 2006

전국 어디서나 쉽게 볼 수 있는 참나무류는 가을이면 우리에게 정성스러운 열매를 도토리라는 정겨운 이름으로 우리에게 돌려준다. 그리고 우리 조상들의 예로부터 도토리를 슬기롭게 이용하여 와KT고, 야생동물의 긴요한 식량으로 사용되어, 자연을 풍요롭고 아름답게 만드는 슬기로운 산물이다. 자연을 표방하는 기획물 사진에는 다람쥐가 도토리를 먹고 있는 모습이 대표되는 한 장면이기도 하다. 우리나라 전국어디서나 신갈나무, 갈참나무, 떡갈나무, 굴참나무, 상수리나무, 졸참나무 등 많은 참나무류가 분포하여 가을이면 단풍의 극치를 이루기도 한다. 이들이 만들어내는 종자에 해충이 탐을 내어 우리의 정서를 빼앗고 있다 대표적인 것이 요즘 등산로나 산책로를 따라 가면 길 위에 많이 떨어져 있는 참나무류 가지들의 피해는 도토리거우벌레의 피해이다. 마치 톱으로 참나무가지를 잘라 떨어뜨리는 모습은 자연의 신비가 오묘하다는 것을 말해 주기도 한다. 구과에 알을 낳고는 가지를 주둥이로 잘라서 떨어뜨려 어린자식이 도토리를 먹고는 쉽게 땅속에서 들어갈 수 있게 하는 것이다. 참나무류 도토리를 직접 가해하는 몇몇 해충에 대한 생태 및 방제법을 간략하게 소개하고자 한다.