• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.335-344
• /
• 2017

This paper discusses a method of analyzing data from split-plot experiments by projections. The assumed model for data has two experimental errors due to two different experimental sizes and some random components in treatment effects. Residual random models are constructed to obtain sums of squares due to random effects. Expectations of sums of squares are obtained by Hartley's synthesis. Estimable functions of fixed effects are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.291-299
• /
• 2016

This paper discusses how to establish estimable functions when there are fixed and random effects in design models. It proves that estimable functions of mixed models are not related to random effects. A fitting constants method is used to obtain sums of squares due to random effects and Hartley's synthesis is used to calculate coefficients of variance components. To test about the fixed effects the degrees of freedom associated with divisor are determined by means of the Satterthwaite approximation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2013

The researches on the parameter estimation for storage function method have been conducted for a long time using different methods. However, the determination of the optimal parameters takes a long time and there is a controversy that the proposed optimal parameters do not likely represent the physical characteristics of watershed. In this study, the characteristics of the continuity and storage function equation was analyzed and sensitivities were evaluated. As the result, the only optimal solution is suggested among several local optimums. It is also shown that the lag time is able to be determined using the direct runoff starting time of the watershed. From the sensitivity analysis, it is also proved that the determination of the lag time is very important and the only optimal solution could be found easily after selecting the lag time. Therefore, unlike the traditional optimization method, the proposed method does not take a long time to find the optimal solution which is depending on the characteristics of the rainfall events. The fixed coefficient method which is a method to estimate the optimal parameters of storage function method has been modified using the proposed method. Therefore, the practical efficiency to apply storage function method could be enhanced by applying the proposed method. While the traditional method takes care only the error of the runoff hydrograph, it is very important that the proposed method considers the characteristics of the watershed.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.11
• /
• pp.1365-1370
• /
• 2013

Immobilized cellulase on weak ion exchange resin showed a typical Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Immobilized cellulase had better stability with respect to pH and temperature than free cellulase. Kinetics of thermal inactivation on free and immobilized cellulase followed first order rate, and immobilized cellulase had a longer half-life than free cellulase. The initial rate method was used to characterize the kinetic parameters of free and immobilized enzyme. The Michaelis-Menten constant $K_m$ was higher for the immobilized enzyme than it was for the free enzyme. The effect of the recirculation rate on cellulose degradation was studied in a recycling packed-bed reactor. In a continuous packed-bed reactor, the increasing flow rate of cellulose decreased the conversion efficiency of cellulose at different input lactose concentrations. Continuous operation for five days was conducted to investigate the stability of long term operation. The retained activity of the immobilized enzymes was 48% after seven days of operation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.1155-1163
• /
• 2016

This paper deals with an estimation procedure of variance components in a mixed effects model by projections. Projections are used to obtain sums of squares instead of using reductions in sums of squares due to fitting both the assumed model and sub-models in the fitting constants method. A projection matrix can be obtained for the residual model at each step by a stepwise procedure to test the hypotheses. A weighted least squares method is used for the estimation of fixed effects. Satterthwaite's approximation is done for the confidence intervals for variance components.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1093-1101
• /
• 2015

This paper discusses nested design models when nesting occurs in treatment structure and design structure. Some are fixed and others are random; subsequently, the fixed factors having a nested design structure are assumed to be nested in the random factors. The treatment structure can involve random and fixed effects as well as a design structure that can involve several sizes of experimental units. This shows how to use projections for sums of squares by fitting the model in a stepwise procedure. Expectations of sums of squares are obtained via synthesis. Variance components of the nested design model are estimated by the method of moments.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.397-402
• /
• 1999

The open-chain hexadentate $N_6$, ligand containing two pyridyl groups, 1,15-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6,10,14-tetraazapentadecane (bpyped) has been synthesized as its tetrahydroehloride salt and characterized by EA, IR, NMR, and Mass. Its proton dissociation constants($logK{^n}_H$) and stability constants ($log\;K_{ML}$) for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions were determined at $25^{\circ}C$ and ionic strength 0.10 M($KNO_3$) in aqueous solution by potentiometry and compared with those or analogous $N_6$ ligands contain one or two propylenic spacers, which make six-membered chelate rings, between the aliphatic nitrogen atoms.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.54-54
• /
• 2003

최근 새로운 개념에 물성 구현을 위한 강유전체 산화물 인공격자의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 펄스레이져 증착법을 이용하여 산소분압 100 mTorr와 증착온도 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 LSCO/MgO 기판 위에 PbTiO$_3$(PTO) 와 PbZrO$_3$(PZO)을 주기적으로 적층하여 강유전체 산화물 인공격자를 형성하였다. 인공격자의 주기는 1~100 unitcell 까지 변화시켰다. 적층주기와 두께 변화에 따른 PZO/PTO 인공격자의 성장과 전기적 특성에 대하여 관찰하였다. X선 회절분석을 통하여 PZO/PTO 인공격자는 주기가 25 unit cell 이하의 적층구조에서 초격자의 형성으로 인한 위성피크가 관찰되었으며, 그 이하의 낮은 주기(1~10 unitcell)에서는 위성피크와 강한 (100)과 (200) 성장거동을 보였다. 높은 주기에서는 c축 성장된 PTO와 a축 성장된 PZO 각각의 성장거동을 보였다. 적층 주기가 감소함에 따라 a축 성장된 PTO와 c축 성장된 PZO가 초격자를 형성하였다. 적층주기가 감소함에 따라 유전상수와 잔류분극값이 향상되었다. 유전상수는 1 unitcell 주기에서 800정도의 값을 보였고, 잔류분극값은 2 unitcell 주기에서 2Pr=38.7 $\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 정도의 가장 큰 값을 나타냈다. 적층주기가 2 unitcell에서 두께가 감소함에 따라 유전상수가 감소하였고, 20 nm 까지 분극반전에 의한 capacitance-voltage 특성곡선의 이력 현상(강유전성)을 관찰하였다. 이러한 산화물 인공초격자에서의 유전상수와 잔류분극값의 향상에 대하여 논의 할 것이며, 임계크기효과 관점에서 나노사이즈(50 nm~5 nm)에서 인공초격자의 전기적 분극의 안정성에 대하여 또한 논의 할 것이다.소수성 가스의 경우70% 이상 향상되었음을 알 수 있었으며, 본 연구를 통해 광분해를 이용한 스크러버가 기존설비의 장.단점을 충분히 보완 가능한 환경 설비임을 확인할 수 있었다. duty로 구동하였으며, duty비 증가에 따라 pulse의 on-time을 고정하고 frequency를 변화시켰다. dc까지 duty비가 증가됨에 따라 방출전류의 양이 선형적으로 증가하였다. 전압을 일정하게 고정시키고 각 duty비에서 시간에 따라 방출전류를 측정한 결과 duty비가 높을수록 방출전류가 시간에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. 각 duty비에서 방출전류의 양이 1/2로 감소하는 시점을 에미터의 수명으로 볼 때 duty비 대 에미터 수명관계를 구해 높은 duty비에서 전계방출을 시킴으로써 실제의 구동조건인 낮은 duty비에서의 수명을 단시간에 예측할 수 있었다. 단속적으로 일어난 것으로 생각된다.리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고, 사회로의 복귀가 빠르며, 고위험군에 적용할 수 있고, 무엇보다도 미용상의 이점이 크다는 면에서 자연기흉에 대해 유용한 치료방법임에는 틀림이 없으나 개흉술에 비해 재발율이 높고 비용이 비싸다는 문제가 제기되고 있는 만큼 더 세심한 주의와 장기 추적관찰이 필요하리라 사료된

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1997

We measured refractive indices and thicknesses of SiO$_2$ thin films that have been plated on LCD glass substrate for the purpose of preventing the out-diffusion of sodium ions. The best experimental condition to determine refractive index and thickness of SiO$_2$ thin film by using ellipsometry is searched for, where ⅰ) the film thickness is increased uniformly by 20 $\AA$ from 0 $\AA$ to the period thickness while the angle of incidence is fixed and ⅱ) the angle of incidence is increased uniformly by 1$^{\circ}$ from 45$^{\circ}$ to 70$^{\circ}$ while the film thickness is fixed. We estimated the errors in determining the refractive index and thickness by comparing the measurement error of $\Delta$ and Ψ with the calculated one. The ellipsometric constants of SiO$_2$ thin film on LCD glass substrate are measured at several angle of incidence around the Brewster angle, which is the best angle if the experimental error of ellipsometer is not sensitive to the incident angle. Also the best fit refractive index and thickness of SiO$_2$ thin film to these ellipsometric constants measured at several angle of incidenc eas well as the best fit ones to the SE data are obtained using regressional analysis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.207-210
• /
• 1982

For the removal of initial water content in cuttlefish, the effects of fixed-bed drying condition on the drying rate were investigated, with following results. 1. The drying rate of cuttlefish dried at fixed-bed condition was also faster than that at natural convection type or hot air dryer.2. By controlling air temperature and its direction to cut-and-peeled sample the drying time can be reduced to 2 hrs. 3. Shirai's equation and Arrhenius' law were applicable to fixed-bed dried cuttlefish. Drying rate constant (k) by Shirai's equation, and Arrhenius' plot were as shown in Table 3, 4 and Fig.3, respectively.