• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.61-69
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• 2017

In case of plant accident, the most important measures that field operators, control-room operators and fire fighters must take are the escape from and going into the accident sites. These two different actions are reverse directional moving actions. By training operators and fire fighters with counter-accident path taking measurements, we can prevent the small accidents from becoming large-scale accidents, and can take efficient measurements in case of actual plant accidents. Out of necessities of path-taking training, in this research, we developed the escape and rescue path-taking method for plant accident response training. We can calculate the escape and rescue routes from a operator or fire fighter's current location as of accident happening and provide route data which in turn can be used as the safety training scenario. We expect this path-taking method can enhance the effectiveness and reality of escape and rescue training scenarios.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 1977

Positive correlations were observed between protein content and $\textrm{K}_2\textrm{O}$, protein and ash, protein and moisture content, and $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ and ash in soybean seeds. On the contrary, negative correlations were observed between fat and CaO, fat and ash, $\textrm{K}_2\textrm{O}$ and moisture content, CaO and moisture content, and MgO and ash content in soybean seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.49-54
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• 1972

In order to learn the growth pattern of high yielding paddy and the effect of slaked lime and potassium on the growth pattern, a relationship between the number of panicles and tillers at different growth stages, as well as the effect of slaked lime and potassium on the increase of tillers were studied with three pot and one field experimental results. 1. The number of tillers at early stages of growth has little or negative correlation with the number of panicles. However. the correlation grows positively as the growth stage proceed and become to highly significant from the stage closing to the panicle formation. 2. Potassium is effective on increasing tillers and calcium on decreasing them. The above contradictory effect of potassium and calcium would practically be an important point for the establishment of high yielding technics of paddy, which be the one to be studied from the view point of plant physiology and soil chemistry. 3. The negative effect of calcium on tillering also seemed to be attributed to the pH rise of the media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 1992

일반적으로 면섬유는 햇빛에 의해서 변색되거나 약해지며 또 그 외에도 여러가지 물리적, 화학적인 변화를 일으키게 된다. 구체적인 화학반응의 메카니즘은 사용되는 광선의 스펙트럼, 대기조건(실내인 경우는 실내 환경조건) , 산소의 유무 그리고 염료 등 첨가물의 종류와 같은 여러 요소에 의해 크게 영향을 받게 된다. 환경조건 중에서 산소의 존재는 매우 중요하지만 open system에서 산소의 농도가 일정하다고 가정할 때 면섬유가 접하고 있는 환경조건 중에서 온도와 습도는 photodegradation의 속도를 결정짓는 중요한 요인으로 작용하게 된다. 박물관,:기념관, 도서관 등의 소장품이 자연광선이나 인공조명으로부터 손상되는 것을 막기 위해서는 먼저 이들의 photodegradation 현상에 대한 연구를 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 면시칩포를 자연광선과 가장 흡사한 스펙트럼을 가진 xenon arc lamp를 사용한 내후도 시험기내에서 온도와 습도를 조절하여 이에 따른 반응속도의 차이를 인열강도의 감소와 중합도 저하로 측정하였다. 1차 반응식은 실험결과를 설명하는데 유용하였으며 온 · 습도의 증가는 반응속도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타나 기존의 상반된 연구결과의 차이를 입증하였다. 또 온도와 습도는 상호관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 고온인 경우습도의 영향을 더 크게 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 반응의 활성에너지는 $30\~75\%$ RH에서는 12 kcal/mole 정도이며 수분의 함량이 낮을수록 활성화에너지는 커지는 것으로 나타나 수분은 섬유소 분자구조내에서 가소제 (plasticizer)의 역할을 하는 것으로 판명되었다.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.16-22
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• 1987

직접분사식 디젤기관의 성능과 배기가스 문제에 여향을 주는 실린더 내에서의 연소형태는 크게 연료분사계와 흡입공기 유동계 두 가지에 의해 결정된다. 즉 분사율, 부사시기, 분무형태와 같은 분사계의 특성과 공기선회, 스퀴시(squish), 난류와 같은 공기 유동 특성에 의하여 연소형태가 결 정된다. 이러한 복잡한 연소형테를 기관 특성에 맞게 조정한다는 것은 대단히 어려운 문제인데 이것은 연료화 공기의 혼합이 연소실형상과 흡기계의 형상에 큰 영향을 받으며 연료가 액체 상 태로 연소실내로 들어와 분무과정을 통하여 증발이 되어야만 연소가 가능하기 때문이다. 특히 흡입공기 유동계에 있어서 현재의 직접 분사식 대젤기관의 흡입구 형상은 흡입공기의 운동에너 지에 모멘트를 가하여 연소실내에서 공기의 선희(swirl)를 발생시켜 줌으로써 연료와 공기의 혼 합기를 형성시키는 Helical type이 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 기관 성능과 배기가스 특히 NOx는 상반관계를 이루기 때문에 연소실내로 들어오는 흡입공기의 선희강도(swirl ratio)를 너무 강하게만 한다고 하여 좋은 결과를 얻을 수는 없다. 따라서 설계하고자 하는 각 기관에 있어서 요구되는 성능과 배기가스 문제를 만족하는 흡입공기의 선희강도가 얻어질 수 있도록 흡입구 형상을 설계한다는 것은 많은 연구와 경험이 요구되고 있다. 본 자료에서는 직접분사식 디젤기 관에 있어서 흡입공기의 최적 선희강도에 대한 설정방법과 흡입구 형상 설계를 위한 설계 이론 및 정상류 Rig test상에서의 흡입공기 선희강도의 평가방법을 소개하고자 한다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 1987

The milled rice yield of the fertilized Zeolite in the sandy loam as 542 Kg/10a was increased by 11% compared with the check plat as a standard cultivation. Significant positive correlations of that were found between grain yield/plant and panicle/total weight ratio or average weight of panicle, while lower correlations between ratio of riqened grains and grain yield/ plant. But significant negative correlations were found between 1,000-grain weight of rough and 4th. 5th internode/culm length ratio. It was reavealed that there were higher direct effects for ratio of ripened grains and spikelets/panicle affecting grain yield/plant through path analysis among the yield components. Moreover, organic dry matter production at 35 days after heading were heavier by 26% in active leaves, 19% in stem + leaf sheath, and 5% in panicle, respectively. Ratio of settled spikelets on the terminal of primary rachis-branch was 47% to total spikelets, and 37% in half-upper of that, moreover many spikelets settled on the terminal of rachis. Therefore, it was recognized that there were a dominant effect of apical glumous flower by fertilized Zeolite.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.404-415
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• 1998

Background: Sleep apnea syndrome, which occurs in 1~4 % of the adult population, frequently has different cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrythmia as well as sleep-wake disorder such as excessive daytime hypersomnolence or insomnia. Mortality and vascular morbidity are reported to be significantly higher in sleep apnea syndrome patients than in normal population. According to the recent studies, autonomic dysfunction as well as hypoxemia, hypercapneic acidosis, and increased respiratory effort, may playa role in the high prevalence of cardiovascular complications in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. However the cause and mechanism of autonomic neuropathy in patients with sleep apnea syndrome are not well understood. We studied the existence of autonomic neuropathy in patients with sleep apnea syndrome and factors which influence the pathogenesis of autonomic neuropathy. Method: We used the cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy(CAN) test as a method for evaluation of autonomic neuropathy. The subjects of this study were 20 patients who diagnosed sleep apnea syndrome by polysomnography and 15 persons who were normal by polysomnography. Results: Body mass index and resting systolic blood pressure were higher in sleep apnea group than control group. Apnea index(Al), respiratory disturbance index(RDI) and snoring time percentage were significantly higher in sleep apnea group compared with control group. But there were no significant differences in saturation of oxygen and sleep efficiency in two groups. In the cardiac autonomic neuropathy test, the valsalva ratio was significantly low in sleep apnea group compared with control group but other tests had no differences between two groups. The CAN scores and corrected QT(QTc) interval were calculated significantly higher in sleep apnea group, but there were no significant correlations between CAN scores and QTc interval. There were no significant data of polysomnography to correlate to the CAN score. It meant that the autonomic neuropathy in patients with sleep apnea was affected by other multiple factors. Conclusion: The cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy test was a useful method for the evaluation of autonomic neuropathy in patients with sleep apnea syndrome and abnormalities of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy were observed in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. However, we failed to define the factors that influence the pathogenesis of autonomic neuropathy of sleep apnea syndrome. This study warrants futher investigations in order to define the pathogenesis of autonomic neuropathy in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 1989

This study was conducted to observe 1) the changes of cellular association in seminiferous tubles from 2 to 8 weeks of age, and 2) the cycle phenomena of seminiferous epithelia at 14 weeks of age in Japanese quail. Total 80 birds were examined at a week interval from 2 to 8 weeks, and 14 weeks of age. The results were summarized as follows： 1) The body and testis weights showed most prominent increase during 4 to 5 weeks and 6 to 8 weeks of age respectively. And also the diameters of seminiferous tubles were abruptly enlaged during 6 to 8 weeks of age. 2) Genocytes in the seminiferous tubles were still in existence at 3 weeks of age, however they did not come out after 4 weeks of age. Spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and spermatids made their first arpearances in the seminiferous from 3, 4 and 6 weeks of age, respectively. Spermatozoa were observed for the first time at 7 weeks of age, but full spermatogenic activity was completed from 8 weeks of age. 3) At 14 weeks of age, the average weight at testis was 3.7g and its ratio to the body weight was approximately 3.0 percent. And at this age, average diameter of seminiferous tubules was 192.08 $\mu\textrm{m}$, and average numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa within the cross section of seminiferous tubules were 7.74, 40.81, 28.42, 104.55 and 105.98, respectively. Spermatogonia and spermatid were classfied into 2 and 3 types, respectively. 4) At 14 weeks of age, the cycle of seminiferous epithelium could be divided into S stages with following characteristics. (1) Stage I： Seminiferous tubules showing type I and II spermatids. (2) Stage II： Seminiferous tubules showing type III spermatids only. (3) Stage III： Immature spermatozoa gathered near the sertoli cytoplasm. (4) Stage IV： Forming a bundle of 15-20 spematozoa. (5) Stage V： Spermatozoa bundle leaving the sertoli cytoplasm into lumen of the seminferous tubule. 5) Usually 2-3 stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle were concurrently appeared within a tubular cross section, and frequency of each stage from I to V within cross section of seminiferous tubules were 11.91%, 27.03%, 27.96%, 19.04% and 17.98%, respectively.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.238-245
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• 2011

Phytoplankton community composition was investigated in the Asan Bay (South) Korea. Water samples were collected monthly from five stations during January to December 2008. Phytoplankton blooms were observed in February and in August but the location of the bloom varied with the sampling time. A total of 134 phytoplankton species from seven classes (Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae) were observed. Diatoms were dominant in all stations through-out the year except in summer when dinoflagellates were numerous and highly distributed within the outer bay rather than in the river mouth. Dominant and subdominant species were composed mostly of diatoms but were replaced by dinoflagellates in June and July. Results of ecological index showed that the diversity indices were increasing toward outer bay but the dominance indices showed a reverse trend.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.267-291
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• 2010

Life can be kept in suspended animation either before fertilization at oocyte stage or after fertilization at different stages of embryonic development for a variety of reasons. It not only has potential applications in fertility preservation and management in human but also has important roles in the preservation and management of animal genetic resources, low-cost international movement of selected genetics, and rapid dissemination of germplasm through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and genetic engineering. Currently, slow-freezing and vitrification are the two approaches by which oocytes and embryos can be cryopreserved for long-term storage. Both of these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages but allow the cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos with comparable efficiency. Vitrification of oocyte and embryos, although proven successful just 13 years after slow-freezing, is generally considered an emerging technology and appears to slow gain acceptance in both animal and human ART despite having controversial storage and contamination issues. In this manuscript, we discuss the basic techniques of oocyt/embryo cryopreservation and review the current status and recent developments in vitrification.