• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.219-228
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• 2010

The seeds of 16 species from sect. Anthacantha and related taxa were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy to illucidate the boundary of the section and their relationship among species. Using six qualitative characters clustering analyses were conducted, and three types were recognized. Type I including species from sect. Anthacantha+sect. Meleuphorbia is characterized by the ovate shape, rounded at base and smooth along the ventral line. Type II including species from sect. Medusae+sect. Treisia-1 is squared in shape and are tuberculate. Tubercles are prominent along the ventral line. Type III (sect. Treisia-2 group) is mostly rounded, and as in type II, tubercles are prominent along the ventral line, but the unique crestae consisting of the grouping testa cells differed from the surface patterns of Types I and II. Based on the seed morphology, sects. Anthacantha and Meleuphorbia are closely related, which is well supported by the results from molecular and pollen morphological studies. Besides, sects. Treisia and Medusae are not closely related in terms of seed characters, and this is not consistent with the results of recent molecular studies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2018

The establishment of an effective bidding system is critical to ensure both the high quality of civil infrastructure and proper earning of contractors. However, the continuous changes of a bidding system in South Korea reveal that problems such as a dumping or high price winning have not been fully resolved yet. This study thus aims at understanding the bidding behavior and strategies of contractors by analyzing a tender ratio in historical data. Multiple regression analysis is conducted to understand the effect of internal and external factors (e.g., estimated cost, combined value of construction performance evaluation) on a tender ratio. The results statistically show that such factors affect the tender ratio an individual bidder determines and have the varying effect on the tender ratio by contractors' firm size.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.849-862
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to present essential methods of minimalizing Korean populism in our society through the investigation of relations between populism and mathematical education which people don't easily recognize. We made a thorough analysis on the populism-generating elements and then presented mathematical methods which could convert micro-way of thinking into macro-one. We believe that an explicit investigation of the relations between Korean populism and mathematical education and the ensuing appropriate role-setting of mathematical education would help secure an essential solution for minimalizing populism in our society.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.49-54
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• 1972

In order to learn the growth pattern of high yielding paddy and the effect of slaked lime and potassium on the growth pattern, a relationship between the number of panicles and tillers at different growth stages, as well as the effect of slaked lime and potassium on the increase of tillers were studied with three pot and one field experimental results. 1. The number of tillers at early stages of growth has little or negative correlation with the number of panicles. However. the correlation grows positively as the growth stage proceed and become to highly significant from the stage closing to the panicle formation. 2. Potassium is effective on increasing tillers and calcium on decreasing them. The above contradictory effect of potassium and calcium would practically be an important point for the establishment of high yielding technics of paddy, which be the one to be studied from the view point of plant physiology and soil chemistry. 3. The negative effect of calcium on tillering also seemed to be attributed to the pH rise of the media.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.245-251
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to empirically investigate how the higher allowance ratio for bank loans affects the cost of equity using Korean banks from 2002- 2015. First of all, we analyzed the impact of the higher allowance ratio on the cost of equity for Korean banks. Secondly, from the perspective of governance structure, we analyzed the existence of different impacts whether banks were affiliated with financial holding companies. The results showed an increasing impact of higher allowance ratio on the cost of equity for Korean banks. Also, we found these impacts differ whether the banks are affiliated with financial holding companies. The results indicate that the burden of higher allowance ratios for bank loans may provide negative impacts on capital markets. The higher the allowance ratio, which means the greater risk for banks, may help to increase the cost of equity concerning Korean banks.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-100
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• 2006

We examine the effect of controlling shareholders ownership structure and related-party transactions(hereafter 'RPT') of publicly traded companies on their firm values during the post-IMF period. In the multivariate regression analysis using control variables such as firm size, capital structure, investment, dividend, profitability and industry dummy that might affect firm values, we find that there exists a significant negative relation between the controlling shareholders ownership structure and firm values proxied by Tobin's Q, and also find that there is a significant negative relation between RPT and the firm values. Those evidences seem to support the controlling shareholders' expropriation hypothesis. Additionally, we investigate the relation between ownership structure and rim value through the piecewise regression analysis. We find a significant 'inverse' U-shape pattern between the controlling shareholders ownership structure and firm values. This result is quite different from the existing literatures that have usually reported an U-shape pattern. In conclusion, the findings in this study do not support the notion that the ownership concentration to the controlling shareholders does negatively affect the firm values monotonically.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 1981

A morphological and positional classification was undertaken in the transcranial and transorbital views of 174 traceable films which had been selected from those of 274 patients and previous tracing was performed. For the positional analysis, the author adopted the method which is not influenced by TMJ remodelling, and for the morphological classification, made progress the general method by adding indefinite type to four basic types. The aims of this sutudy consists in performing positional and morphological analysis of condylar head and in its morphological and positional variation in symptomatic patients. I want to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Park, Tae Won in Seoul National University, interesting me in this field researches and for his never failing interests. I would lide to thank Prof. Ahn, Hyung Kyu and Prof. You, Dong Soo for helpful discussion and critical readings. The author is also indebted to Prof. Fuchihate Hajime in Osaka University, Prof. Uemura, Shusaburo and the late Dr. Nishihara, Heihachi for fruitful discussion and encourgements.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 1999

A new solution procedure for approximate reanalysis, using the staged hybrid methods with substructuring, is proposed in this study. Displacements are calculated with two step mixed procedures. First step is to introduce the conservative approximation, which is a hybrid form of the linear and reciprocal approximation, as local approximation. In the next step, it is combined with the global approximation by reduced basis approach. Stresses are evaluated from the displacements by matrix transformation. The quality of reanalyzed quantities can be greatly improved through these staged hybrid approximations, specially for large changes in the design. Overall procedures are based on substructuring scheme. Several numerical examples illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.66
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• pp.57-86
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• 2005

이 논문은 미국의 남서부지역(대략, 애리조나 주, 뉴-멕시코 주, 콜로라도 주, 그리고 유타 주 등에 해당)에서 발굴 조사된 수혈주거지들의 방향을 열효율과 연계하여 연구한 것이다. 이 지역 선사시대 수혈주거지에 거주했던 사람들은 주거지 내부에 있었던 작은 노지(爐址) 이외에 다른 난방시설이 없었기 때문에 고고학자들은 이 지역 주민들이 주거지를 설계할 때 자연난방인 태양열을 이용하였을 것이라고 추정하고 있다. 이 아이디어를 고고학 자료를 통하여 검증하기 위하여 기원 전후부터 기원 후 미국 남서부 지역에서 가장 주도적인 역할을 하였던 원주민들의 호호캄(Hohokam, 남부 애리조나 지역), 아나사지(Anasazi, 북부 애리조나, 뉴-멕시코, 남서 콜로라도와 남동 유타에 걸쳐져 있던 四隅지역), 그리고 머기욘(Mogollon, 남동 애리조나와 남서 뉴-멕시코 지역) 문화 유적지에서 발굴조사된 수혈주거지들의 깊이, 모양, 그리고 방향에 대해서 검토하여 보았다. 동시에 수혈주거지의 방향의 해석과 관련된 하부구조적 측면과 관념적 측면의 두 가지 상반되는 견해에 대해서 검토하여 보았다. 이들 지역에서 발굴조사된 주거지들의 방향을 분석하여 보아 일관성 있게 남쪽으로 난 주거지들의 방향이 초자연적인 의미를 내포한 것 이라기보다는 적응의 전략으로서 태양열의 이용을 염두에 두었을 가능성이 더 높다는 것을 주장하였다. 주제어: 선사시대, 미국 남서부 지역, 고고학, 건축, 수혈주거지, 방향, 태양열, 실용성, 상징성ン?⨀⣳?⨀㋳?⨀?⨀

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1995

Power spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations were assessed by use of autooic blocking agents and changes in posture. The total power spectral range of interest is divided amongst the various experiments so that each respiratory pattern contributes a spectral ratio of interval to respiration only over a group of frequencies for which the specific respiratory pattern has substantial, and roughly constant, spectral magnitudes. System hardware is consisted ECG preamplifier, respiratory fluctuation detect, interval time generator and IBC 486PC. High frequency fluctuation, at the respiratiory frequency, are decreased by standing and are mediated solely by the parasympathetic system. Power spectral analysis is a powerful nonivsve tool for quantitying autonomic nervous system activity.