• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2014

From several researches, recently, it was found that using hollowed precast concrete (HPC) column made more compact concrete casting in joint region possible than using normal solid PC (Precast concrete) column. Therefore, the rigidity of joints can be improved like those of monolithic reinforced concrete (RC). After filling the hollow with grout concrete, however, it is expected that the HPC column behaviors like composite structure since PC element and grout concrete have different materials as well as there is a contact surface between two elements. These may affect the structural behavior and strength of the composite column. A compressive strength test was performed for the HPC column with parameter of hollow ratio for the case with and without grout in the hollow and the result is presented in this paper. The hollow ratios in the test are 35, 50 and 59% of whole section of column. Concentrated axial force was applied to top of the specimens supported as pin connection for both ends. In addition, finite element (FE) analysis was performed to simulate the failure behavior of HPC column for axial compression. As a result, it was found that the hollow ratio did not affect the initial stiffness of HPC filled with grout regardless of the strength difference of HPC and grout. However the strength was increased inversely corresponding to the hollow ratio. The structural capacity of HPC without grout closely related to the hollow size. Especially, the local collapse governs the overall failure when the thickness of HPC is too thin. Based on these effect, a suitable equation was suggested for calculation of the compressive strength of HPC column with or without grout. FE analysis considering the contact surface between HPC and grout produced a good result matched to the test result.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 1974

These studies aimed to establishment of controlling measure of the bud blight of mulberry tree when intermediate cutting harvest in autumn. The results obtained as following. 1. Effect of chemicals a) Results of 1972 (1) Of the seventeen chemicals tested. according to in vitro, the mycelial growth of Gibberella lateritium f. sp. mori was highly inhibited by PTAB and Benlate. PTAB and Benlate were also highly effective under the conditions of pathogen inoculated to the piece of mulberry tree and fungicidal action of these chemicals were stronger than the others. (2) Topsin-M. organic fungicide and plant growth regulator were not effective to inhibition of mycelial growth. (3) The effectiveness of fungicides were reduced gradually as the time after treatment increased. PTAB and Benlate retained approximately 50 percent of the original activity even after 15 days. (t) Of the twelve chemicals tested in fold, Benlate combination of PTAB with Apion, Apion and PTAB were the most effective fungicides for the control of bud blight of mulberry tree. (5) There is a sigificant difference between the timing on spraying, but it is not greatly effective for the control of bud blight of mulberry tree. b) Results of 1975 (1) Of the ten chemicals tested, according to in vitro RH 893, combination of Benlate with TMTD and TMTD were the most effective to inhibition of mycelial growth, followed by Benlate and combination of Benlate with Topsin M. (2) Of the eleven chemicals tested, Benlate, combination of Benlate with Kinondu, combination of Benlate with Topsin-M and Topsin M were highly effective under the renditions of pathogen inoculated to the piece of mulberry tree. (3) Of the eleven chemical evaluation tests were conducted in 3 experiment fold of Seoul, Chuncheun and Pusan, Benlate, Topsin-M, Apion, TMTD. combination of Benlate with Topsin-M, combination of Benlate with TMTD, combination of Benlate with Apion were highly effective chemicals for the control of bud blight of mulberry tree. (4) There is no difference between the timing on the chemical spraying after intermediate cutting harvest mulberry tree in autumn. 2. Ecological Control. When the mulberry shoot were cut off one to two buds from the top of intermediate cutting from 15th to 30th on October, bud blight of mulberry tree was greatly reduced in next spring compared with the effective chemical spraying. 3. Economical analysis on the results of chemical and ecological tests. When the expenses of ecological control for bud blight of mulberry tree per one ha was 100. thats of chemical control was from 159 to 254 according to spraying machines.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.299-302
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• 2014

The Paprika plant infected with Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) do not produce commercial fruit as causing necrotic spots symptom on the fruit. Ten cultivars of paprika were analyzed to select the resistance cultivars against PMMoV pathotypes, $P_{1.2}$ and $P_{1.2.3}$, using bioassay and genetic markers. $L^1$, $L^3$, and $L^4$ genotypes expressing resistance to the pathotypes existed in those cultivars but $L^2$ genotype did not. $L^4L^4$ in cvs. Easy and Magnifico, $L^4L^3$ in cvs. Scirocco and Orange glory F1, $L^4L^1$ in cv. Special F1, $L^3L^3$ in cvs. Fiesta, Piero and Derby, and $L^3L^1$ in Cupra and Mazzona F1 were identified with SCAR and CAPS markers. The resistant cvs. to the 2 pathotypes were Magnipico, Easy, Scirocco F1, Orange glory and Special F1 and the susceptible cvs. were Fiesta, Piero, Derby, Cupra and Mazzona F1. The susceptible cvs. of the absence of $L^4$ genotype showed systemic infection when inoculated with PMMoV-$P_{1.2.3}$. However, those cvs. despite the presence of $L^3$ genotype showed vein necrosis on the inoculated leaf and hypersensitive necrosis symptom on the upper parts when inoculated with PMMoV-$P_{1.2}$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.441-449
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• 1996

This study was conducted to find the changes of growth, seed yield and several characteristics of sesame by leaf spray of boron as a solution which is likely to be lack in the soil. It is carried out at low land developed 5 years ago. The amount of 200l /l0a boron as boric acid is sprayed in each treatment at the 11 node stage of sesame in main stem. The spraying concentrations of boric acid are 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4% in each treatment of the level low plot and the ridge height 15cm plot. The result shows that leaf area is increased in proportion to the concentration of boric acid in each treatment of the level low and the ridge height 15cm, and the degree of increase of each node order is remarkable in lower leaves and is more remarkable in the treatment of level low plot. The effects of leaf spray of boric acid are not only the increase of leaf area but also dry weight, no. of capsule per plant, 1,000 grains weight of capsule setting under middle position. As a result, the amount of seed is increased in 53% in the treatment of level low. The change of major characteristics according to leaf spray of boric acid is generally great in the treatment of level low. Especially the increase of leaf area in the part of upper leaves and low leaves is effective to improve other characteristics.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Advances in bacterial and fungal genome mining uncover a plethora of cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Guided by the genome information, targeted transcriptional derepression could be employed to determine the product of a cryptic gene cluster and to explore its biological role. Monascus spp. are food grade filamentous fungi popular in eastern Asia and several genome data belong to them are now available. We achieved transcription activation of a cryptic fungal polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthase gene Mpfus1 in Monascus purpureus ${\Delta}MpPKS5$ by inserting Aspergillus gpdA promoter at the upstream of Mpfus1 through double crossover gene replacement. The gene cluster with Mpfus1 show a high similarity to those for the biosynthesis of conjugated polyene derivatives with 2-pyrrolidone ring and the mycotoxin fusarin is the representative member of this group. The ${\Delta}MpPKS5$ is incapable of producing azaphilone pigment, providing an excellent background to identify chromogenic and UV-absorbing compounds. Activation of Mpfus1 resulted in a yellow hue on mycelia and its methanol extract exhibit a maximum absorption at 365 nm. HPLC analysis of the organic extracts indicated the presence of a variety of yellow compounds in the extract. This implies that the product of MpFus1 is metabolically or chemically unstable. LC-MS analysis guided us to predict the MpFus1 product and to propose that the Mpfus1-containing gene cluster encode the biosynthesis of a desmethyl analogue of fusarin. This study showcases the genome mining in Monascus and the possibility to unveil new biological activities embedded in it.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 1994

Enhancement or diminution of leukocyte migration to the specific site might be important factors for the development of inflammatory diseases. To investigate the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on chemotaxis of neutrophil, we obtained neutrophils by Hypaque-Ficoll step gradient centrifugation and tested the effects of seven drugs on the n-formyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced migration of neutrophil using a 48-well micro chemotaxis assembly. Oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone, sulindac, zomepirac, and ibuprofen suppressed the migration of neutrophil at the therapeutic concentrations, however, indomethacin showed stimulation effect. IC50s for inhibition of neutrophil migration by these drugs are less than 100uM. When drugs were preincubated with FMLP, no inhibition on migration of neutrophil was observed. These results indicated that inhibitory effects of these drugs on migration of neutrophil might be related to the receptor sites of neutrophil rather than molecular inactivation of chemoattractant (FMLP). In conclusion, we suggested that the property of inhibition effects on neutrophil migration of several NSAIDs might be another mode of pharmacological action for anti-iflammatory effect, which showed significant effects at concentrations below therapeutic levels, in addition to cyclooxygenase inhibition.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.300-308
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the downward mobility of pesticides using soil colunms and to compare the experimental results with predicted values from Convective mobility test model. Five pesticides including ethoprophos, procymidone, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, and butachlor were subjected to soil column leaching test for three types of cultivation soils. The concentrations of ethoprophos, iprobenfos, procymidone, isoprothiolane and butachlor leached from soil column of 30 cm depth ranged $0.74{\sim}3.61mg/mL,\;0.36{\sim}1.67mg/L,\;0.16{\sim}0.84mg/L,\;0.16{\sim}0.67mg/L$ and lower than 0.15 mg/L, respectively. Elution volume to reach the peak of ethoprophos, iprobenfos, procymidone, isoprothiolane and butachlor in the leachate ranged $2{\sim}4PV,\;3{\sim}10PV,\;5{\sim}13PV,\;4{\sim}14PV\;and\;19{\sim}61PV$, respectively. Convection times predicted by Convective mobility test model at standard conditions were $9{\sim}18$ days for ethoprophos, $17{\sim}35$ days for iprobenfos, $24{\sim}54$ days for isoprothiolane, $21{\sim}65$ days for procymidone and $105{\sim}279$ days for butachlor. Based on these convection times, ethoprophos was classified as mobile or most mobile, isoprothiolane and procymidone as moderately mobile or mobile and butachlor as slightly mobile. On the same conditions, convection times from the model were coincided with those from soil column test in most of the soil-pesticide combinations applied. Therefore, Convective mobility test model could be applied to predict convection times of pesticides.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2010

Source terms of metal waste comprising a spent fuel assembly are relatively important when the spent fuel is pyroprocessed, because cesium, strontium, and transuranics are not a concern any more in the aspect of source term of permanent disposal. In this study, characteristics of radiation source terms for each structural component in spent fuel assembly was analyzed by using ORIGEN-S with a assumption that 10 metric tons of uranium is pyroprocessed. At first, mass and volume for each structural component of the fuel assembly were calculated in detail. Activation cross section library was generated by using KENO-VI/ORIGEN-S module for top-end piece and bottom-end piece, because those are located at outer core with different neutron spectrum compared to that of inner core. As a result, values of radioactivity, decay heat, and hazard index were reveled to be $1.40{\times}10^{15}$ Bequerels, 236 Watts, $4.34{\times}10^9m^3$-water, respectively, at 10 years after discharge. Those values correspond to 0.7 %, 1.1 %, 0.1 %, respectively, compared to that of spent fuel. Inconel 718 grid plate was shown to be the most important component in the all aspects of radioactivity, decay heat, and hazard index although the mass occupies only 1 % of the total. It was also shown that if the Inconel 718 grid plate is managed separately, the radioactivity and hazard index of metal waste could be decreased to 20~45 % and 30~45 %, respectively. As a whole, decay heat of metal waste was shown to be negligible in the aspect of disposal system design, while the radioactivity and hazard index are important.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2014

This study focuses on the landscape of Daegodae(大孤臺), a prominent rock placed at the side of Namgae Stream in Hamyang, and the person who enjoy the landscape. Through the analysis of the letters such as names carved on the rocks based on ancient poetry and stone walls, the study examines the characteristics of the landscape and the space of Daegodae and the phase of hegemony to enjoy the landscape and space. The result of this study is as follow.2) There are 5 Seowon(書院: lecture halls) nearby Daegodae identified in the ancient map has 5 auditoriums nearby, and three-dimensional volume and eccentricity of the Daegodae is impressive. Daegodae, named by Noh Jin(1518~1578) in 16th century, was used in a variety of ways, including viewing, game, recreation, and meeting, by the staff of the lecture halls including Namgae Seowon(南溪書院), as a result of analyzing the ancient document Go-dae-il-Loc(孤臺日錄) written by Jung Kyung-Woon(鄭慶雲: 1556~?). The structure of Daegodae is that there is Chunggeunchung(淸近亭) on the rock face of the top and Sanangjae(山仰齋) to the west around the memorial stone for Yang Hee(梁喜: 1515~1581). The upper part of the foundation of Daegodae with 11m high and $10m^2$ wide to the east and west was widely used for lecturing and poetry reading. To the north and west of the foundation were the writing of Kim Jeong-Hee(金正喜: 1786~1856) with the words 'Seoksong Chusa(石松 秋史)' carved on the rock and the remains of a dead tree that is presumed to have been called as 'Seoksong'. They are the landscapes that further enhance the history and authenticity of this place. The two kinds of letters carved on the rock 'Daegodae Gaeeunseo(大高臺 介隱書)' and 'Mukheon JungGeunSang(鄭近相: 1893~1934)' were recorded each by Jung Jae-Gi(1811~1879) and his grandson Jung Geun-Sang, which are, as the outcome of exclusive space possession and space hegemony, the signatures indicating that they were the persons who enjoyed this place during the late Joseon and Japanese colonial era. In other words, Daegodae had some implied meaning of preoccupancy of the place as Gujolyangseonsengjangguso since the middle of Joseon, and the place was passed down as a buddhism lecturing and memorial venue called "Dungbukganghoiso Cheonryungjaeseonhyunjangguso" after going through the space hegemony of Jung Jae-Gi and Jung Geun-Sang during the late Joseon and Japanese colonial era each, Nevertheless, a number of letters carved on the rock identified also imply that 'Hadong Jung(河東鄭氏)' and 'Pungcheon Noh(豊川盧氏)' were those who enjoyed the landscape of Daegodae and the center of the space hegemony. The "letters carved on the rock of Daegudae" is another case of cultural landscape and traditional gardening space that serves as the representation of the will of enjoying the landscape in this place and the history of space hegemony.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1984

The life history of a trematod fluck, Himasthla kusasigi was studied on the morphological characters of metacercariae, its infection rate in the clam and the contamination experiment to the herring gull, Larus crassiostris. The size of the metacercariae was $210{\sim}230{\times}220{\mu}m$, excysted metacercariae was $420{\times}160{\mu}m$ and it had 31 collar spines. The ventral sucker($112{\times}100{\mu}m$) was located just below the central part of the body. Esophagus was narrow and long, the intestine was branched in the upper part of the ventral sucker and extended to the hind part of the body. Excretory bladder without the infected part was located in the hind part of the body. The branched excretory tube was filled with the small granules and extended to the pharynx area. The infection rate of the metacercariae varied from place to place. In Naecho do and Puan the rates were $98.4\%$ and $95.9\%$ respectively. The infected number of Himasthla kusasigi per clam was positively proportional to the size of the clam. The adult fluckes developed from the metacercariae were obtained from the experimented herring gull. The metacercariae emerge from their cysts in the stomach of the herring gull, then they migrate it the intestine and 25 days after, most of them were found in the intestine. The size of the adult was $4.8{\sim}7.5{\times}0.22{\sim}0.24mm$, oral sucker; $68{\sim}120{\times}70{\sim}120{\mu}m$, pharynx: $80{\times}50{\mu}m$, ventral sucker: $630{\sim}680{\times}610{\sim}680{\mu}m$. The head collar $48{\sim}75{\times}10{\mu}m$ had 31 collar spines. The isolated trematod fluck from the samples was classified as a Himasthla kusasigi by the morphological characteristics of the adult flock and its metacercariae. We oberved that the second intermediate host of Himasthla kusasigi was hard clam, Meretrix lusoria, while its final host was herring gull, Larus crassiostris and Tringa ochropus.