• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2003

Fracture about proximal humerus may be classified as the articular segment or the anatomical neck, the greater tuberosity, the lesser tuberosity, and the shaft or surgical neck. Now, usually used, Neer's classification is based on the number of segments displaced, over 1cm of displaced or more than 45 degrees of angulation , rather than the number of fracture line . Absolute indication of a operative treatment a open fracture, the fracture with vascular injury or nerve injury , and unreductable fracture-dislocation . Inversely, the case that are severe osteoporosis, and eldly patient who can't be operated by strong internal fixation is better than arthroplasty used by primary prosthetic replacement and early rehabilitation program than open reduction and internal fixation. The operator make a decision for the patient who should be taken the open reduction and internal fixation, because it's different that anatomical morphology, bone density, condition of patient. The operator decide operation procedure. For example, percutaneous pinning, open reduction, plate & screws, wire tension bands combined with some intramedullary device are operation procedure that operator can decide . The poor health condition for other health problem, fracture with unstable vital sign and severe osteoporosis , are the relative contraindication. The stable fracture without dislocation is not the operative indication . The radiologic film of the prokimal humerus before the operation can not predict for fracture evaluation. It's necessary to good radiologic film for evaluation of fracture form. The trauma serise is better than the other radiologic film for evaluation. The accessary radiologic exam is able to help for evaluation of bone fragment and anatomy. The CT can be helpful in evaluating these injury, especially if the extract fracture type cannot be determined from plain roenterogram of the proximal humerus, bone of humerus head. If the dislocation is severe anatomically , we could consider to do three dimentional remodelling. The MRI doing for observing of bony morphology before the operation is not better than CT If we were suspicious of vascular injury, we could consider the angiography.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2010

Purpose: In arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, the crucial step is secure fixation of Anchor to bone. However, osteoporosis of the tuberosity is frequently encountered in old patients, and can cause insecure fixation of anchors. The Aim of our study was to introduce a technique for anchor hole augmentation with bone cement when fixation failure of an anchor occurs, and to investigate the outcome. Materials and methods: Among 223 rotator cuff repairs performed between 2005 and 2009, anchor hole augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate was performed in 15 cases (all females; mean age of 65 years: range 49~77). Bone cement was injected into the anchor hole in a thick fluid state and the procedure was repeated to make a pot-like cement mantle. The anchor was inserted into the cement mantle while the cement hardened. The outcome was investigated, on average, at 16 months (6~32). Results: Radiographs showed cystic changes of the tuberosity. On follow-up radiographs and MRI, a change in the cement mantle was not noted. The final average UCLA score was 31 (28~35); 6 had excellent, 8 good and 1 fair results (p=0.008). Age-sex matched Constants score was 90 (74~98) (p=0.008). Conclusion: Anchor hole augmentation with bone cement is useful when fixation failure of an anchor is encountered due to bone atrophy. Anchor hole augmentation with bone cement does not negatively influence the outcome.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the expression patterns of foreign gene that controlled by tuber-specific patatin promoter in transgenic potatoes. Potato leaf disc cultured in vitro were transformed by the Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 containing pBl121 or pATGUS from potato cv. Desiree. In order to select the transgenic lines, gene-specific primers deduced from the NPTII were synthesized and used for polymerase chain reaction. The down part of the putative transgenic potatoes was transplanted weekly onto sucrose-enriched medium to accelerate the microtuber formation. RNA gel blot analysis was performed on the total RNAs obtained from tuber that had been harvested at a week interval. Also, histochemical assay was observed in the explants transformed with either pBI121 or pATGUS. Results showed that the transgenic plant containing pATGUS expressed GUS transcripts mainly at the tuber, not in stem, with the highest expression level in 5 weeks-grown microtubers. In contrast to pATGUS plants, the transformed plants with pBI121 showed an equal expression pattern throughout the whole developing stages. Consistent with RNA gel blot analysis, histochemical GUS staining and enzyme activity exhibited pATGUS transcripts were at the highest level in 5 weeks cultures. From these results, we suggest that the best stage to analyze the foreign gene introduced by patatin promoter into potato plants is at 5 weeks cultures after tuber formation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2003

Background: Common treatment modalities for tracheal stenosis include conservative methods such as repeated balloon dilatation, removal of obstructive material through bronchoscopy and T-tube insertion as well as operative treatment methods. Recent advances in surgical approaches through tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis have been reported to give better functional and anatomical results. Material and Method: Between March 1990 and July 2002, 41 patients who received tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis at Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan were studied retrospectively. Result: The causes for tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis included 26 cases of postintubation stenosis, 10 cases of primary tracheal tumors (3 benign, 7 malignant), 1 case of endobronchial tuberculosis, 2 cases of traumatic rupture, and 2 cases of tracheal invasion of a thyroid cancer, Of the 41 patients who received tracheal resection and reconstruction, 29 received tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis, and 12 received laryngotracheal anastomosis with cricoid or thyroid cartilage resection. Four of these patients received supralaryngeal release. The average length of the resected trachea was $3.6{\pm}1.0$cm. Of the 41 patients who received tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis, 30 (73.2%) experienced no postoperative complications, and 8 (19.5%) experienced granulation tissue growth and/or minor infections which improved after conservative management. Good or satisfactory results were therefore achieved in 92.7%. Complications included repeated granulation tissue growth in 7, wound infection in 2, anastomotic site dehiscence in 2, restenosis resulting in dyspnea on exertion in 1, and repeated postoperative aspiration requiring retracheostomy in 1. There was no early postoperative mortality. There were 3 cases of hospital death. Conclusion: In cases of proper length of tracheal lesion, excellent results were obtained after tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis. But, granulation tissue growth is so serious complication, it is necessary for continuous study and efforts to prevent it.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.1 s.258
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Background: The radial arteries are being used more often for coronary artery bypass grafting, We tried to the endoscopic radial artery harvest to reduce the cosmetic problems and neurologic complications of the conventional open harvesting and report the techniques and early results. Material and Method: The 86 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting between May 2003 and April 2005 had their nondominant radial artery endoscopically removed through a 2 cm incision at the wrist. The radial pedicle was dissected and was divided at antecubial area through a 5 mm counterincision. Result: The 23 patients complained of neuralgias on territory of superficial raidal none but no one complained of neuralgias on territory of lateral antebrachial cutaneous none. There was no functional impairment of the hand. There was no wound complication except a localized hematoma. All patients were contacted by telephone after postoperative 7.9$\pm$3.6 months. The 4 patients still complained of neuralgia. All the patients were satisfied with the aesthetics of the wounds. The multidetectional tomography was done on the 66 patients for the estimation of early patency of radial artery. There were 2 cases of stenosis and a case of occlusion. Conclusion: Endoscopic radial artery harvest had no functional impairment of the hand, lesser rate of neurologic complications and outstanding aesthetics. The results of early patency of the radial artery was similar to conventional methods. Therefore, we think that endoscopic radial artery harvest is the optimal procedure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Background: Bioprosthetic materials have been made using glutaraldehyde fixation of porcine or bovine pericardium during cardiovascular surgery. But these bioprostheses have the problems of calcification and mechanical failure. We determined changes in tensile strength and elasticity of pericardium after glutaraldehyde, solvent, decellularization and detoxification. Material and Method: Tissues were allocated to four groups: glutaraldehyde with and without solvent, decellularization, and detoxification. We studied tensile strength and strain on tissues. We measured the tensile strength of fresh pericardium stretched in six directions (with 5 mm width), and % strain, which we calculated from the breaking point when we pulled the pericardium in two directions. Result: Tensile strength was reduced when we used the usual concentrated glutaraldehyde fixation (n=83, $MPa=11.47{\pm}5.40$, p=0.006), but there was no change when we used solvent. Elasticity was increased after glutaraldehyde fixation (n=83, strain $(%)=24.55{\pm}9.81$, p=0.00), but there was no change after solvent. After decellularization of pericardium, the tensile strength was generally reduced. The decrease in tensile strength after concentrated glutaraldehyde fixation for a long time was significantly greater less than after concentrated solvent (p=0.01, p=0.00). After detoxification, the differences in strength and strain were not significant. Conclusion: After glutaraldehyde treatment of pericardium there is no loss in tensile strength (even though we did the glutaraldehyde, solvent and detoxification treatments LOGIC IS UNCLEAR). Also, these treatments had a tendency to increase elasticity. Although post-treatment decellularization led to a significant loss in strength, this effect could be attenuated using a low concentration of solvent or hypertonic solution.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.178-183
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• 2007

Purpose: The prevalence and mortality of gastric lancer is high. We studied clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of the advanced gastric canter patients who had died in the hospice care unit. and our study is the basic report for efficient hospice and palliative care for the terminally ill patients with gastric cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 99 advanced gastric cancer patients who had died in a hospice rare unit from May 2004 to August 2007. The survival days during the hospice and palliative care were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method of SPSS version 13.0. Results: There were 62 males (63%) and 37 females (37%). Median age of patients was 60.9 years and liver metastasis was as high as 38 patients (38%) of all. The most prevalent symptom of admission was general weakness (97%) and poor or intake (86%). There were also bypoalbuminemia (88%), anemia (73%), and hyponatremia (61%). Palliative procedure was performed on 17 (63%) out of 27 patients with intestinal obstruction. Of these stents were inserted to 11 patients. The stores of ECOGPS and dyspnea were significantly correlated with the length of survival. The duration of median survival and hospitalization in the hospice and palliative care was 22 days and was 20 days respectively. Conclusion: We need to study more about clinical characteristics of advanced gastric rancor patients to predict the length of survival for an effective hospice and palliative care.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.317-322
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• 2005

This study was conducted to improve the efficiency of embryo recovery and to establish the protocols of superovulation in Holstein cows. Sixteen Holstein cows were used the test the efficacy of three superovulation regimens using Folltropin. In the case of regimen 1, CIDR plus with E2 capsule was inserted in cows at the random stage of estrous cycle and the total of 400 mg Folltropin V was adminstered twice a day for 4 days(Folltropin V group). In regimen 2, CIDR was inserted and 3.0 mg estradiol benzoate was administered i.m. next day and the total of 400 mg Folltropin was adminstered twice a day for 4 days(Folltropin V+EB group). For regimen 3, CIDR insertion was same as in the regimen 2 and the total of 400 mg Folltropin diluted with $10\%$ PEG 8,000 was administered once(Folttropin V+PEG 8,000 group). In all the regimens, CIDR were removed on 12th day and 45 mg dinoprost was administered i.m. simultaneously. The heat detected donors were administered 200 ug LH-RH and inseminated twice with 2 straws of frozen semen 12 hours apart. Embryo were collected using Foley catherter in each uterine homs on 6${\~}$8 days after inseminations. The evaluation of collected embryos were according to the IETS manual. The CL responses according to the superovulation treatments were 5.8, 20.6, 24.0 in the Folltropin V, Folltropin+EB and Folltropin V+PE 8,000 groups, respectively and there were significant different among the treatments(p<0.01). Transferable embyos collected were 3.6$\pm$2.4, 3.3$\pm$l.8 and 2.8$\pm$2.3, in the Folltropin V, Folltropin+EB and Folltropin V+PE 8,000 groups, respectively. Degenerated and unfertilized embryos in regimen 2 and 3 than regimen 1. These results indicates that superovulation treatments with both multiple injections and a single injection using PEG of Folltropin combined with CIDR insertion at the random stage of estrus cycle can be used to produce Holstein embryos.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2016

Carotid-artery stenosis may reduce cerebral perfusion, and affect cerebral neuronal activities. We examined the question of whether the recovery of cerebral-perfusion reserve after carotid-artery stenting (CAS) can affect the EEG power-spectrum. Nineteen candidates for CAS were initially recruited. Subtraction imaging of single photon emissary computerized tomography (SPECT) and an electroencephalogram (EEG) were taken twice, before and 1 month after CAS. At each time point, the EEGs were recorded before and after injection of acetazolamide (pre-ACZ EEG and post-ACZ EEG). Finally, 7 patients were enrolled after exclusion of incomplete studies. We obtained the spectral ratio (SR) of each hemisphere. SR was defined as the divided value of the power-spectrum sum of fast activities by that of slow activities. The power-spectrum values between hemispheres were compared using the inter-hemispheric index of spectral ratio (IHISR), and we examined the correlation between the power-spectrum and the cerebral-perfusion reserve. Cerebral-perfusion reserve improved after CAS on the stent side in 6 of 7 patients. In 3 patients with unilateral carotid-artery stenosis, CAS increased SR on the pre-ACZ EEGs, and IHISR on the post-ACZ EEGs. The increases of SR and IHISR were concordant with the increment of cerebral-perfusion reserve. In contrast, the results in the other patients with bilateral stenosis showed complex patterns. The SR of pre-ACZ EEGs and IHISR of post-ACZ EEGs may be useful electrophysiological markers for the blood-flow reserve after CAS in patients with unilateral carotid-artery stenosis, but not in those with bilateral stenosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

The authors examined the response of electrocardiogram (ECG) of Mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio [Linnaeus] to light stimuli. The experiments were performed in such a way that three levels of light stimuli (10, 100, and 400 lux) were given to fishes with an electrode inserted into their bodies and then their ECGs were recorded continuously for 60 minutes. The results which are divided into by day and by night and then analyzed by fishes conditions are as follows : 1. Mirror carps reached a stable condition 5 minutes after anesthesia. In this condition, the average heart rate was 64.9 beat/min by day and 65.3 beat/min by night. And the average action potential was 36.9 nV by day and 32.9 nV by night. 2. The average heart rate by three levels of light stimuli was, 1) In a stimulus condition, in case of 10 lux 68.7 beat/min by day and 46.0 beat/min by night, in case of 100 lux 53.4 beat/min by day and 44.1 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lux 53.2 beat/min by day and 40.1 beat/min by night. 2) In a recovery condition, in case of 10 lux 67.9 beat/min by day and 57.2 beat/min by night, in case of 100 lux 68.8 beat/min by day and 61.0 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lux 69.6 beat/min by day and 63.6 beat/min by night. 3. The average action potential by three levels of light stimuli was, 1) In a stimulus condition, in case of 10 lux 59.1 nV by day and 24.0 nV by night, in case of 100 lux 26.8 nV by day and 45.6 nV by night, and in case of 400 lux 71.7 nV by day and 14.4 nV by night. 2) In a recovery condition, in case of 10 lux 38.8 nV by day and 27.3 nV by night, in case of 100 lux 29.0 nV by day and 39.3 nV by night, and in case of 400 lux 66.4 nV by day and 21.4 nV by night.