• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1997

Background : Tuberculous pleurisy has been treated With a combined regimen of corticosteroids- antimicrobial therapy. But whether such combination therapy add to benefits is unknown. We evaluate the effects of corticosteroid and its routine application in relief of clinical symptoms, absorption of pleural effusion, and pleural adhesions. Methods : A prospective, randomized study of the role of corticosteroid in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy was performed in 83 patients(nonsteroid group: 50 patients, steroid group: 33 patients) from June, 1991 to September, 1994. Results : 1) The mean duration from symptoms(fever, chest pain, dyspnea) to relief was 3.8 days in the steroid group, and 7.4 days in the nonsteroid group(P<0.05). Clinical symptoms including fever, chest pain, sputum and weight loss were relieved more rapidly in the steroid group than other symptoms(weakness, night sweating and dyspnea). 2) Pleural effusion was taken an averge of 88 days in the steroid group and 101 days in the nonsteroid group 10 be absorbed completely(p>0.05) 3) The incidence of pleural adhesions was 17/33(5l.5%) in the steroid group and 32/50(64%) in the nonsteroid group(p>0.05) 4) Side effects of corticosteroids were observed in only one patient causing epigastric pain and discontinuation of drug. Conclusion : Corticosteroid exert benefitial role in the more rapid relief of clinical symptoms to patients with tuberculous pleurisy, but absortion of pleural effusion and occurrence of pleural adhesions was not influenced significantly Therefore, its routine application should be reevaluated.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.669-680
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• 1999

Background: Pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) is a life threatening disease that needs early diagnosis. Spiral CT angiography depict thromboemboli in the central pulmonary vessels with greater than 90% sensitivity and specificity, which approaches the results of pulmonary angiography in the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis(PIOPED) study. This study was performed to evaluate the findings and the diagnostic value(clinical utility) of the spiral CT angiography with 2D image(multiplanar reformation) and 3D images(Shaded surface display, Minimal intensity projection) in the pulmonary thromboembolism. Methods: We retrospectively analysed spiral CT angiography and pulmonary angiography, lung scan and clinical recordings of 20 patients who had PTE diagnosed by spiral CT angiography(n=19 cases) or pulmonary angiography(n=l case) from September 1997 to August 1998. Among 20 patients who had underwent spiral CT angiography, 14 patients could be performed lung perfusion scan at the same time. We analyzed the vascular and parenchymal change in spiral CT angiogram. Results: Anatomical distribution of PTE was as follows: 1) left lung(n= 103)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.290-298
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• 2007

Background: The currently available diagnostic markers for pleural effusion have a limited role. The soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) is a molecule recently reported to play an important role in the myeloid cell mediated inflammatory response, and is up regulated in the body fluid by bacterial or fungal products. This study examined the expression of sTREM-1 in pleural effusion. Methods: Between April 2004 and December 2005, 48 patients with pleural effusions were enrolled in this study. The pleural fluids were taken and analyzed for the total protein, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and sTREM-1. Bacterial cultures and cytology tests were also performed. Results: The clinical diagnoses were 17 parapneumonic, 14 tuberculous, and 13 malignant effusions. Four patients presented with transudates. The mean ages of the parapneumonic, tuberculous and malignant effusion groups were $57.1{\pm}19.7$, $49.5{\pm}18.6$, $66.9{\pm}15.5$, and $76.0{\pm}18.1$. respectively. The level of sTREM-1 expression was significantly higher in the parapneumonic effusions ($344.0{\pm}488.7$) than in the tuberculous effusions ($81.7{\pm}56.6$) and malignant effusions ($39.3{\pm}19.6$). With a cut-off value of 55.4pg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity for a parapneumonic effusion was 70.6% and 74.1%. Conclusion: sTREM-1 expression is significantly higher in parapneumonic effusions, suggesting its potential role as an additional diagnostic marker for pleural effusions.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

Purpose : Edema is one of the cardinal features of nephrotic syndrome. Although the pathogenesis of edema is not entirely understood, it is caused by hypovolemia or hypervolemia by different mechanisms. Accordingly it is important to evaluate the volume status of patients in order to treat the edema, but it is difficult to evaluate the patient's volume status only by clinical parameters. The quotient of urine sodium and potassium excretion $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ is introduced as a more useful way to evaluate volume status. In this study we will propose the usefulness of $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ in evaluating the volume status of children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods : Primary nephrotic syndrome patients at Yeungnam University Hospital since January 1995 to June 2005, were included in the study. We analyzed clinical parameters such as tachycardia, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, blood chemistry and urinalysis prospectively. We defined hypovolemia when $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ exceeded 60%. Intravenous albumin and diuretics were administered to hypovolemic edematous patients. On the other hand, hypervolemic edematous patients were treated only with diuretics. Results : There were 50 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome patients(hypervolemia: 29 vs hypovolemia: 21). There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms and laboratory findings except for FeNa While $F_eNa$ and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ had a significant negative correlation, BUN and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ had a significant positive correlation. Urine output after edema treatment was effective and there were no treatment-related side effects in both groups. Conclusion : FeNa, BUN and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ are a useful parameters for evaluating volume status of edematous nephrotic syndrome patients. We could suggest a therapeutic option for using albumin and/or diuretics according to volemic status by means of measured $U_K/(U_{Na}+UK)$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2002

Background: Follow-up studies have shown that although outcomes have improved substantially over time, results of the Fontan operation and its modifications remain suboptimal. In this study, we reviewed our experience with the extracardiac conduit Fontan operation, with a focus early and midterm change of internal diameter of PTFE conduit. Material and Method: Between April 1997 and July 2000 were reviewed. Twelve patients (M:6, F:6, mean age 42.04 $\pm$ 12.43months, mean body weight 13.80$\pm$ 1.94kg) underwent extracardiac conduit Fontan operation with expanded PTFE graft. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 109.7$\pm$26.99minute and mean operation time was 455$\pm$89.51minute. Intraoperative fenestration was performed in 10 patients. The aortic cross clamping was not performed in all patients. Result: There was no early deaths and no postoperative dysrhythmia. Postoperative protein losing enteropathy and prolonged pleural effusion occurred in 1(8.3%) and 4 patients(33.3%). Conduit patency was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging studies. A 9.84$\pm$3.84% mean reduction in conduit internal diameter and there was no statistical correlation between the change of internal diameter of conduit and the postoperative duration after partial correlation analysis(r=0.019, p=0.955). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the extracardiac conduit Fontan operation provies good early and midterm results and may reduce the prevalence of late arrhythmia. And there is no correlation between the change of internal diameter of conduit and the postoperative duration after extracardiac conduit Fontan operation with the expanded PTFE graft conduit.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.168-180
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• 1987

This study was performed to observe histopathological changes and serological reactions in chronic anisakiasis of rabbits. Each rabbit was infected per os with 30 larvae of Anisakis type I. Their sera were collected chronologically and the rabbits were killed for histopathological examination, 3, 13, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 150 days after the infection. The results were summarized as below. 1. Most of the larvae were recovered from the stomach, but a few from the omentum, intestine, mesentery and abdominal wall. The recovery rates and distribution of worms by organ were not differed by duration of infection. 2. Histologically the lesion was abscess type on 13 days, i.e., the dead worms were surrounded by fibrinous exudate, histiocytes and thick zone of numerous inflammatory cells. After 30 days, histiocytes were found to invade the worms and the lesion was changing into abscessgranulomatous type. Also a calcified worm was found on the 30th day. After then the worms were observed to be dissolved slowly until 90 days. On 150 day, only one calcified worm was observed. 3. The levels of serum IgG antibody by ELISA reached their maximum 30 days after the infection. After then, it decreased slowly until 150 days after the infection. Above serological and histopathological findings indicated that antigenic stimulation from degenerating Anisakis larvae was the greatest during the first 30 days after infection. This period was corresponding with the beginning of worm resolution or calcification. Serologic test by ELISA would be a valuable tool for confirming chronic anisakiasis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 1999

Purpose : Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia has been to be developed frequently in school age children and adolescence and hard to see under 3 year-old children. But it seems to be increased in number of patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia under 3-year old in clinical practice in these days. We have aimed to examine the characteristics of clinical findings of Mycoplasma pneumonia under 3 year-old children. Methods : We had performed retrospective review of medical records of 30 patients with Mycoplasmal pneumonia under 3-year old children who admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Kyunghee University Hospital from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1997. The diagnostic criteriae was Cold agglutinin titer>1:64 or Mycoplasma antibody titer>1:80. Results : Mycoplasmal pneumonia was 30 out of 235 cases(12.7%) of total pneumonia under 3 year old children. Male female ratio was 1.3 : 1 and age distributions were 0~1y : 0, 1~2y : 8, 2~3y : 22 cases. Clinical symptoms and signs were cough(100.0%), sputum(83.3%), fever(80.0%) rhinorrhea(33.3%), vomiting(33.3%), moist rale(86.7%), decreased breathing sound(26.7%), wheezing(20.0%), and pharyngeal injection(30.0%). Thirteen out of 30 cases(43.3%) had unilateral infiltration, 10 cases(33.4%) had bilateral infiltration, 1 case(3.3%) had pleural effusion, and 6 cases(20.0%) had negative findings on chest radiography and there was no cases of atelectasis. On laboratory findings, 6 out of 30 cases(20.0%) had leukocytosis, 1 case(3.3%) had neutrophilia, 10 cases(30.0%) had eosinophilia, 17 cases(56.7%) had increased ESR, and 18 cases(60.6%) had positive CRP. Positive cold agglutinin titers(>1 : 64) were 19 cases(63.3%), and positive mycoplasma antibody(M-ab) titers(>1 : 80) were 27 cases(93.3%). Mycoplasma antibody test was more valuable than cold agglutinin test for the diagnosis of Mycoplasmal pneumonia and there was no correlation between cold agglutinin titer and mycoplasma antibody titer. Mycoplasma-polymerase chain reaction(M-PCR) was done with 13 cases, 12 out of 13 cases(92.3%) were positive. M-PCR test was valuable to the diagnosis of Mycoplasmal pneumonia but it will be needed to further study for their clinical application. Among 30 cases, 5 cases(16.7%) had complications, 3 cases(10.0%) had skin rash, 1 case(3.3%) had pleural effusion, 1 case(3.3%) had arthralgia, but all complications were mild and recovered without residual sequelae. Conclusion : The occurrence of Mycoplasmal pneumonia under 3 year-old children was not rare from this study. Clinical characteristics of Mycoplasmal pneumonia under 3-year old were normal radiologic findings in many cases, low complication rate, mild clinical course, and tend to rapid recovery compared with general manifestations of Mycoplasmal infectionsin children and adolescence. There were likely to be missed patients with Mycoplasmal pneumonia which did not diagnose by conventional serologic tests that had low sensitivity and specificity. We have to pay attention to the Mycoplasmal infection of the young children with pneumonia during epidemic periods of Mycoplasmal infection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2004

최근 근관 치료 영역에서는 적절한 기계적 근관 성형과 근관 세척으로만 효과적으로 근관 내 미생될의 숫자를 감소시킬 수 있어 다른 약제의 사용은 권장되고 있지 않다. 그럼 에도 불구하고 수종의 근관내 약제는 감염된 근관에서 미생물의 숫자를 줄이고 근관 내용물의 불활성화와 삼출액을 줄이기 위해 사용되고 있다. 그 중 포름 알데하이드를 함유하고 있는 Depulpin$^{(R)}$과 근관 치료학에서 오랫동안 널리 사용되어온 수산화 칼슘을 포함하고 있는 Tempcanal$^{(R)}$과 Vitapex$^{(R)}$ 등에 대한 세포 독성은 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 못한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이들 약제가 백서에서의 세포 독성에 미치는 영향에 관하여 고찰하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 백서 숫놈 20마리를 사용하여, 각각의 쥐는 케타민과 럼푼을 근육내 주사하여 마취하였고, 복부의 피하 부위를 절개한 뒤 3개씩의 Teflon-coating된 매식체를 삽입하였다 매식체 안에는 각각 Tempcanal$^{(R)}$, Vitapex$^{(R)}$, Depulpin$^{(R)}$을 넣고, 백서 20마리를 6개군으로 나누어 매식체 삽입 후 1주 뒤, 4주 뒤에 희생시켜 매식체 주위 조직을 잘라내고 10%포르말린에 고정 후 파라핀에 포매 하였다 미세 절단기로 4$\mu$m로 연속 절단 후, hematoxy-line-eosin염색 후 3명의 관찰자가 광학 현미경으로 관찰하여 염증의 정도를 4단계로 평가한 뒤 Kruskall-Wallis test(P<0.05)로 통계 처리하였다. 그 결과 제 1군Tempcanal$^{(R)}$ 7일후 군), 제 2군(Vitapex$^{(R)}$ 7일후 군), 제 3군(Depulpin$^{(R)}$ 7일후 군) 모두 중등도의 염증도를 보였으나, 세 군간의 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 그러나, 제 4군(Tempcanal$^{(R)}$ 30일후 군)과, 제 5군(Vitapex$^{(R)}$ 30일후 군)의 경우에서는 약한 염증도를 보여주었으나, 제 6군(Depulpin$^{(R)}$ 30일후 군)은 가장 심한 염증 반응과 함께 조직 괴사의 양상을 보여주었으며, 4, 5군과 6군간에 통계학적 유의성을 보였다. 본 실험 결과, Depulpin$^{(R)}$은 Tempcanal$^{(R)}$와 Vitapex$^{(R)}$에 비해 높은 세포 독성을 보여주공 있으나, 좀 더 많은 임상적 검증이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 1993

Experiments with non-nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv, Europe) plants grown in hydroponic cuiture, were carried out to estimate the remobiJization of nitrogen (N) reserves and to investigate the transported forms of reduced soluble-N in xylem during regrowth following shoot removal. Endogenous N remobilization were estimated by $^{15}N$ labelling and amino acids in xylem sap were analysed. The, $^{15}N$ contents of ~egr9wing leaves and stems increased as a result of remobilization of N reserves mainly from root ,system, Regrowing leaves were a stronger sink than regrowing stems, with about tWo-thirds of remobilized 15N being recoved in leaves. Endogenous N in lateral roots accounted for about 46% of the total N reserves used for regrowth, while tap roots accounted for 23%, About 72% of total endogenous N remobilized to regrowing shoot, occurred during the first 10 days of regrowth, The outflow of reduced soluble-N (mainly amino acids) was greater than that of protein-N, while the latter was the largest storage pool in tap root and lateral roots. It is suggested that amino acids-N was the most readily avaiable form of N reserves. Asparagine, which repre5ented about 75% of amino acids-N in xylem sap, was the main transported form of reduced N. Its relative contents, during the first 10 days of regrowth, decreased from 75% to 59%. This decline was accompanied by compensatory increase in the relative contents of asparatate and glutamine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.612-617
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• 2014

Anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rich in polysaccharides, as well as free of curcuminoids and turmerones were investigated in acute and chronic inflammatory models. Activity against the acute phase of inflammation was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema models. The results showed that turmeric extract significantly decreased paw edema volume in the first and third hours after carrageenan injection ($P{\leq}0.05$). Turmeric extract at all dose levels also significantly inhibited xylene-induced ear edema formation ($P{\leq}0.05$). Activity against chronic inflammation was also evaluated in cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. Turmeric extract significantly ($P{\leq}0.05$) decreased the weight of granuloma tissue on cotton pellets in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the vehicle control. Thus, the findings of the study suggest that turmeric extract in effective against both acute and chronic inflammation.