• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 1998

A case study was made on in site vibration velocity data collected for two months in the construction area of the Daeduck cultural City Hall. Taegu The geology over the area shows distributions of weathered and some crack developed hornfels of mud-shale in the upper part, underlain by less weathered and hard compact quartzite. For the period of 2 months of blasting event, the vibration velocities were measured and these data were analysed for K and n for three different period the test period, first month and second month. The data for the test period show that K and n are 2464 and 1.621 with the cube root method, and 7154 and 1.791 with the sqare root one, respectively. The data for the first month collected mostly from blasting in the upper hornfels show that K and n are 1668 and 1,492 for the cube root and 1219 and 1,366 for the square root, respectively. Such a significant decrease in the K and n values from the test period through the first month for the weathered and comparatively well crack developed rocks hard and compact lower quartzite, may be due to difference in attenuation of waves propagating through physically different media. Therefore, for more effective safety design and blasting, it seems that it may be n to adopt appropriate K and n values, with getting lower step by step while proceeding the operation. In the meantime, the attenuation rate of K and n together with SD cross point for the cube and square root methods indicates that the cube root one appears to be more applicable than the square root for this area with limited distance(The maximum is 100m).

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

Test blasting has been performed with V-cut to investigate the characteristics. Blasting vibrations were measured at two directions, the proceed direction and side direction. Propagation characteristics were determined by regression analysis; square root scaled distance and cube root scaled distance with maximum charge per delay of the blast. Testing result, The cross point was 62m in the allowable vibration velocity of 3mm/sec and 46m In 5mm/sec. Also, vibration level with measuring point was highest and decayed fastest, adapting to cube root scaled distance, for the proceed direction on ground.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 2000

Abstract The characteristics of bed rock in the study area was classified by means of the crack coefficient estimated from the seismic velocities of in-situ and intact rocks. Various statistical methods were investigated in order to minimize the possible errors in estimating the predictive equation of blasting vibration and to enhance the determination coefficient $R^2$, for more reliable estimation. The determination coefficient showed the highest in the analysis for those groups using weighting function with the number of samples. The analysis for the weighting function employed with standard coefficient and variance also enhanced the determination coefficients significantly compared to the others, but the reliability was slightly lower than results obtained former method. Therefore the most reliable predictive equation of blasting vibration was found to be obtained from a regression analysis of the mean vibration level using the weighting of same distance groups within 15m with the same explosive charge weight per delay. The coefficients, K and n 317.4 and -1.66, respectively, when using the square root scaling, and 209.9 and -1.66, respectively, when using the cube root scaling. The analysis also showed that the square root scaling may be used in the distance less than 31m form the blast source, and the cube root scaling in the distance more than 31m for safe design.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 1999

A study was made on the design of the prediction model concerning blasting vibration in a constraction site, Namgu, Daegu City. The geology in this area consists of hornfels of shale and mud underlain by quartize, of which the main strike of the geological structure is NW direction. Measurements were carried out on the top of the wall concrete water storage tank, which is burried in the ground earth. The attenuation due to the vertical wall of the concrete structure may be experted because of spherical divergency at the bottom corner of the wall by the Huygens principle. For design of blasting prediction model, thus among scaled distance(SD) may be preferable to use in the regression model, since they represents most likely the average ground condition. Judging from the regression results, the cube root method may be more suitable for this area. The SD values for the maximum allowable vibration velocity of 0.5 cm/s, in this area are 22.5, 28.0 and 30.6 for the significance level of 50%, 95% and 99%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2003

Tunnel blasting has been performed with V-cut to investigate the characteristics. Blasting vibrations were measured at two directions, the proceed direction and side direction. Propagation characteristics were determined by regression analysis; square root scaled distance and cube root scaled distance with maximum charge per delay of the blast. Testing result, The cross point was 62m in the allowable vibration velocity of 3mm/sec and 46m in 5mm/sec. Also, vibration level with measuring point was highest and decayed fastest, adapting to cube root scaled distance, for the proceed direction on ground.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

국토의 효율적 활용을 위한 각종 토목.건설공사나 석재 및 골재생산 등을 위해 암반을 굴착함에 있어 다양한 산업용 화약류가 이용되고 있다. 그러나 화약의 사용으로 인해 수반되는 발파진동은 인체 및 구조물 등에 피해를 발생시켜 인근의 주민과 마찰을 일으키고 있다.본 연구에서는 발파진동속도 data를 취합하여 분석 사용함에 있어서 V, T, L 성분의 최대 실벡터합을 사용하는 경우와 최대 벡터합을 사용하는 경우를 비교하여 실제 현장 기험시 적용성을 높이고자 하였다. 진동속도는 최대 실 벡터합에 비해 최대 벡터합에 의해 구해진 진동속도의 크기가 장승근에서는 24.6%, 삼승근에서는 26.1%가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 단일성분의 최대치, 최대 실벡터합, 최대 벡터합의 안전율은 1 : 1.154 : 1.359로 나타났다

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2010

Blast design equations based on the concept of scaled distances can be obtained from the statistical analysis on measured peak particle velocity data of ground vibrations. These equations represents the minimum scale distance of various recommendations for safe blasting. Two types of scaled distance widely used in Korea are the square root scaled distance (SRSD) and cube root scaled distance (CRSD). Thus, the design equations have the forms of $D/\sqrt{W}{\geq}30m/kg^{1/2}$ and $D/\sqrt[3]{W}{\geq}60m/kg^{1/3}$ in the cases of SRSD and CRSD, respectively. With these equations and known distance, we can calculate the maximum charge weight per delay that can assure the safety of nearby structures against ground vibrations. The maximum charge weights per delay, however, are in the orders of $W=O(D^2)$ and $W=O(D^3)$ for SRSD and CRSD, respectively. So, compared with SRSD, the maximum charge for CRSD increases without bound especially after the intersection point of these two charge functions despite of the similar goodness of fits. To prevent structural damage that may be caused by the excessive charge in the case of CRSD, we suggest that CRSD be used within a specified distance slightly beyond the intersection point. The exact limit is up to the point, beyond which the charge difference of SRSD and CRSD begins to exceed the maximum difference between the two within the intersection point.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2001

주변 보안물건에 직전각인 피해를 유발시킬 수 있는 발파진동은 암반의 파쇄를 위해 화약의 폭박력을 이용하는 발파작업에서 발생하는 대표적인 발파공해로 이러한 발파진동을 저감시키기 위한 많은 연구들이 수행된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 2자유면 발파시 최소저항선과 대구경 무장약공을 자유면으로 활용하는 터널 심발발파시 무장약공과 첫 번째 심발발파공의 중심사이 거리가 발파진동에 영향을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 균질한 모르타르 시험체에 대한 소규모 단일공 시험발파를 수행하였다. 11g의 화약을 장약한 2자유면 단일공 시험발파시 발파진동의 크기는 최소저항선을 표준장약의 경우인 150mm에서 2/3 수준인 100mm로 줄인 경우 삼승근 환산거리 $10~40{\;}m/kg^{1/3}$인 범위에서 약 13~38% 작아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 직경이 180mm인 무장약공을 자유면으로 활용하는 첫 번째 심발 시험발파공에 22g의 화약을 장약하여 수행한 단일공 시험발파시 무장 약공 중심으로부터 발파공 중심까지의 공간격이 짧아질수록 발파진동이 더 작아지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 1999

In this study, ground vibrations of a surface blasting for golf links and a tunnel blasting for highway construction were measured to investigate the effect of blasting conditions such as total charge and distance from blasting point. In surface blasting, site factor K and n were 74.1 and -1.37, respectively, which were analyzed by means of cube root scaled distance. The more were measuring distance, the higher were absolute value of K and n. Principal frequency was in range of 5~60 Hz in surface blasting, where that of 80 percent was in range of 10~30 Hz. On the other hand it was in range of 25~98 Hz in tunnel blasting, which showed higher than of surface blasting.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.84-98
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• 2024

This study proposed a prediction equation for the estimation of blasting vibaration and blasting noise, utilizing 320 datasets for the blasting vibration and blasting noise acquired during urban blasting works in the Incheon, Suwon, Wonju, and Yangsan regions. The proposed blasting vibration prediction equation, derived from regression analysis, indicated correlation coefficients of 0.879 and 0.890 for SRSD and CRSD, respectively, with an R² value exceeding 0.7. In the case of the blasting noise prediction equation, stepwise regression analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.911 between the prediction values and real measurements for the blasting nosie, and further analysis to determine the constant value revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.881, with an R² value also exceeding 0.7. These results suggest the feasibility of applying the proposed prediction equations when environmental impact assessments or education environment evaluation according to urban development or apartment construction projects is performed.