• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1990

플라즈마중합 에틸메타아크릴레이트(PPMMA) 박막의 유전특성인 유전정접(tan .delta.)과 정전용량(C)을 관측하고 산화와 열처리 및 플라즈마처리로 인한 PPMMA의 tan .delta.와 C의 변화에 대하여 연구하였다. 측정온도 25.deg.C, 측정주파수 1KHz에서 1MHz의 범위에서 PPMMA 박막은 CO와 -OH같은 산화물의 생성으로 인하여 tan .delta. 와 C는 증가하고 tan .delta.는 측정주파수 내에서 피이크를 형성한다. 이는 PPMMA내에 잔류하는 저분자량 성분과 자유라디칼의 존재와 공기중에서의 산화가 그 원인이라 할 수 있다. 본연구에서는 PPMMA박마그이 열처리 및 플라즈마처리를 하여 저분자량 성분과 라디칼을 제거하고 산화를 방지하여 박막의 유전특성을 개선하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2010

반도체 소자의 선폭이 감소함에 따른 금속배선의 저항이 증가하면서 반도체 배선물질을 copper로 대체하려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 copper를 금속배선에 사용하게 되면 대기 상에서 노출 시 쉽게 산화가 일어나며 형성된 산화물의 미세조직이 치밀하지 못하여 계속적인 산화가 진행되고, 후속 열처리 공정 시 copper가 유전체로 확산되어 소자의 정상적인 작동을 방해하게 되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 copper의 확산 및 산화를 방지하는 물질로 cobalt가 각광받고 있다. Cobalt는 낮은 저항과 열적 안정성이 우수하여 copper와의 연동에 문제가 없으며, 소자의 작동에도 영향을 미치지 않는다. Cobalt 박막의 적용을 위해 patterning 단계를 줄일 수 있는 선택적 증착공정의 개발도 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우수한 층덮힘(step coverage)과 양질의 박막을 증착할 수 있는 MOCVD 공정을 이용하였고, cobalt 전구체로서 $Co(hfac)_2$ (hfac: hexafluoroacethylacetonate) 전구체와 $Co_2$ (CO)8 (CO: carbonyl) 전구체를 사용하였다. 각각의 전구체에 따라 선택적 증착이 가능한 공정조건을 찾기 위한 연구를 진행하였다.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 1993

최근 엔진의 고성능, 고출력화, 저연비화 Maintenance Free화에 따라 엔진의 부하가 증대되었고, Valve Seat에 대해서도 내마모성, 내열성, 내식성 향상이 요구되고 있다. 특히 무연가솔린과 LPG사용으로 내구성을 갖는 High Performance의 Valve Seat 재질을 요구하게 되었고, 엔진의 높은 작동온도등 가혹한 조건하에서 'Recession'이라 일컬어지는 Seat마모가 생기게 된다. Valve Seat는 일반적으로 분말야금법에 따라 제조되고 있으며, 엔진조건에 따라 여러가지의 재질이 사용되며, 높은 온도에서 열전도성과 기공의 산화방지 및 Valve 내구성 향상의 효과를 얻기 위하여 동용침을 하여 사용하는 추세이다. 본 실험에서는 Valve Seat 기공부위의 산화와 마모특성을 조사하기로 한다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.424-433
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• 2017

Antioxidants are used in the manufacturing of commercial food packages made of polyolefin plastic such as polyethylene and polypropylene for the purpose to delay the oxidation reaction of the polymer due to oxygen or traces of ozone in the atmosphere. Additives in plastics may be migrated from the packaging materials into foods, thereby presenting a potential health risk to the consumer. Therefore, it is necessary to determine migration level of antioxidants from food packaging materials to foodstuffs in order to take proactive management. In this study, we have developed a method for the analysis of 10 antioxidants, which are butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Cyanox 2246, 425 and 1790, Irgafos 168, and Irganox 1010, 1330, 3114 and 1076, migrated from the food packaging materials into four food simulants for aqueous, acidic, alcoholic and fatty foods. The antioxidants were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatograph-ultraviolet detector with 276 nm after solid-phase extraction with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridge or dilution with isopropanol. The analytical method showed a good linearity of coefficient ($R^2{\geq}0.99$), limits of detection (0.11~0.41 mg/L), and limits of quantification (0.34~1.24 mg/L). The recoveries of antioxidants spiked to four food simulants ranged from 71.3% to 109.4%. The migrated antioxidants in this study were within the safety levels that resulted from the safety assessment by the estimated daily intake to the tolerable daily intake.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.217-222
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 국내에서 원심주조로 제작되어 소둔로내에서 사용되는 복사전열 튜브의 손상 및 균열발생 기구(mechanism)를 조사한 후, 파손된 튜브 샘플의 균열주위를 금속학적으로 관찰하고, 관찰결과 및 재료의 성분분석 결과를 분석하여, 튜브의 파손원인을 분석함으로써, 향후 균열발생을 방지할 수 있는 대책에 대해 연구하였다. 우선 복사전열 튜브의 내면 균열발생 부위에 대해 현미경 관찰을 실시하였으며, 균열부의 산화물 및 균열부근 튜브모재에 대해서 성분분석을 실시하고, 전자현미경(SEM, Scanning Electron Microscope)으로 균열을 상세히 관찰하여 그 결과로부터 파손원인을 규명하였다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.74-79
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• 2019

The military vehicle produces electric power through an engine-integrated serial hybrid generator that is connected to the engine and does not have a separate generator installation space. However, depending on the mechanical characteristics of the connection between the generator and the engine, iron oxide for internal rusting and lubrication grew scattered. The iron oxide is adhered to the starter to deteriorate the starting performance, and there is a problem that the noise of the leg due to wear of the gear is increased. To solve this problem, the connection spline material and the surface treatment of the engine were improved and the shape was changed to a grease sealing type to prevent the generation of iron oxide inside. As the shape of the generator connector composing the shafting system was changed, the integrity of the structure was confirmed through the torsional endurance test. In addition, through the actual vehicle load test, it was verified that no corrosion occurred during the target life span without internal corrosion. It was confirmed that the anti-scattering structure of the grease effectively suppresses the generation of iron oxide, thereby reducing the noise generated from the generator. In this paper, we propose a fundamental solution to the degradation of the starter and the noise generation by preventing the back corrosion caused by the serial hybrid generator installed between the engine and the transmission.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.467-472
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• 2009

Seedling growth test is used to assess toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). This study evaluates toxicity of zinc, zinc oxide NPs on Cucumis sativus using two methods; phytagel and filter paper. From the comparison, phytagel method prevents precipitation of water insoluble NPS. Seeding length was negatively related to the exposed concentration of Zn, ZnO NPs in filter method. The median effective concentrations (EC50) for C. sativus exposed to Zn, ZnO NPs were estimated about 598, 600 mg/L in filter method. Bioaccumulation increased with the exposed concentration of Zn, ZnO NPs in only filter method. The results showed that the filter paper method was much better protocol than phytagel method.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1998

To investigate the role of oviductal environment in early mammalian development, we examined the effects of bovine oviductal fluid (bOF) on the development of mouse 2-cell embryos in vitro. All of the embryos cultured in medium containing 5% or more of bOF underwent degeneration after 48 hr, whereas only 5% of embryos cultured in the absence of bOF degenerated. When bOF was heated at 65 \circ C for 30 min and then added to the culture medium, the embryotoxic effect of bOF was not removed at all such that none of the embryos remained alive after 48 hr. However, when bOF heated at 90 \circ C for 30 min was added to the culture, nearly most (95%) of embryos was alive. Similarly, pretreatment of bOF with 0.1% chymotrypsin for 1 hr or overnight following heating at 65 \circ C resulted in the development of 95.5% of mouse 2-cell embryos to early blastula after 48 hr culture in the presence of treated bOF. Interestingly addition of an anti-oxidant removed the evbryotoxic effect of bOF so that 91.0% of 2-cell embryos developed to morulae or blastulae in the presence of both 5% bOF and 10 mM of glutathione (GSH) after 48 hr culture. Neither oxidized form of GSH (GSSG) nor other antioxidants, however, could support the embryonic development in the presence of bOF. From these results, it is suggested that bOF contains a protein-like factor(s) which becomes embryotoxic by exposing in vitro, probably via oxidation reaction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1349-1356
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• 2017

Potassium channel openers (KCOs) produce physiological and pharmacological defense mechanisms against cell injuries caused by oxidative stress of diverse origins. Openings of mitochondrial and plasmalemmal $K^+$ channels are involved in the defense mechanisms. This study tested whether NS 1619, an opener of large-conductance BK channels, has a similar beneficial influence on the pigment epithelial cells of retinas. The human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 was exposed to $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in the absence and presence of NS 1619. The degrees of the cells' injuries were assessed by analyzing the cells' trypan-blue exclusion abilities and TUNEL staining. NS 1619 produced remarkable protections against cell injuries caused by $H_2O_2$. It prevented apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths. The protective effect of NS 1619 was significantly diminished when the cells were treated with NS 1619 in combination with the BK channel-blocker paxilline. NS 1619 significantly ameliorated cellular ATP deprivations in $H_2O_2$-treated cells. It helped mitochondria preserve their functional integrity, which was estimated by their MTT reduction abilities and mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, it was suggested that NS 1619 had a beneficial effect on mitochondria in regards to preserving their functional integrity under oxidative stress, and it produces defense mechanisms against oxidant-induced cell injuries in ARPE-19 cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.665-670
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• 2018

This study was designed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and biological activities (antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activities) of three and seven-year-old Platycodon grandiflorum extracts. Three and seven-year-old Platycodon grandiflorum contained crude saponins, free amino acids and minerals. Water extracts of the three and seven-year-old plants were prepared using reflux extraction methods. The total polyphenol contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial effects of the extracts were determined. The seven-year-old Platycodon grandiflorum extract had higher TPC ($5.08{\pm}0.07TAEmg/g$) and TFC ($3.80{\pm}0.07QUEmg/g$). DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ value: $288{\pm}3.88{\mu}g/mL$) and ABTS radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ value: $568{\pm}2.09{\mu}g/mL$). The three and seven-year-old Platycodon grandiflorum extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial effect against three kinds of bronchus disease-inducing bacteria; the seven-year-old Platycodon grandiflorum extracts showed a stronger antimicrobial effect than the three-year-old Platycodon grandiflorum extracts.