• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.737-746
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• 2013

This study was carried out to suggest plan of earth surface erosion by typifying landforms in Gwangeung Forest. Elements of landform were classifyed as hierachical system by scale. Scale for classification set a decision as four categories. We could classify landforms which level zero is 4 levels of elements, level one is 6, level two is twelve, level three is twenty seven. However, micro landforms of valley bottom which is hard to mapping made a categorization as upper valley, middle valley, artificial channel valley. Plan for soil erosion suggested yarding corridor, landform management for surroundings of slope and bridge using rock and gravel, road construction for forest management stable bedrock rather than soil layer, repose angles and piling up rocks for channel walls, and setting up buffer zone when forest thinning be carried out. The result of this research will be expected to provide information for forest management of mountainous areas by landform types.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

This study emphasizes syntaxonomy and syndynamics of intermediate (Zwischen) moor (area: 14,000 $m^2$) at Mt. Shinbul in Yangsan, southeastern Korean Peninsula. A total of 105 vascular plant species including 26 monitor-species were recorded. Analysis by the $Z\"{u}rich$-Montpellier School's method distinguished eight vegetation units: Eleocharitis-Blyxetum echinospermae ass. nov., Eriocaulon sikokianum-Utricularia racemosa community, Eleocharis wichurai-Molinia japonica community, Platanthero-Molinietum japonicas, Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens community, Tripterygium regelii community, Symplocos chinensis-Quercus mongolica community, Symplocos chinensis-Quercus dentata community. PCoA (Principal Coordinates Analysis) shows that vegetation changes and distributional aspects are associated with both moisture condition and sunlight on the ground layer and soil nutrient level (mesotrophic to oligotrophic). Most important to Molinietea japonicas being representative intermediate moor vegetation at the southeasternmost fringe of the Korean Peninsula is the local cooling effect by mountainous cloud and mist zone resulting in shorter and wetter growing season. The Yangsan moor vegetation was compared with earlier descriptions of related Mujechi moor from anthropogenic and natural moor vegetations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.429-429
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• 2011

우리나라는 연중 강우량의 계절적 편중이 심하여 약 2/3이 6월-9월에 집중하는 기상학적 요인과, 국토의 약 70%가 산악지역으로 되어있는 지형학적 요인 등 홍수에 취약한 자연특성을 갖고 있으며, 특히 하천, 도시 저지대, 해안 및 산지에서는 홍수범람, 내부배제 불량, 해일, 산사태 등으로 매년 많은 인명피해와 재산상의 손실이 크게 발생하고 있다. 또한 최근 발생하고 있는 이상기후 현상과 각종 개발사업으로 인한 불투수면적의 증가 등으로 인해서 극한 홍수의 발생빈도가 높아가고 있으나, 기존 수방시설물의 홍수배제능력 부족 등으로 매년 많은 피해를 입고 있는 실정으로, 구조적인 대책만으로는 재해피해를 경감시키는데 한계가 있음을 인식하여 구조적 대책과 더불어 토지이용규제 및 개발규제, 홍수터관리, 홍수예경보 등 비구조적 재해대 비능력 향상이 시급한 현황이다. 우리나라의 경우, 구조적 수방기술의 발전은 비교적 높은 수준에 도달해 있지만, 구조적 대책에 비해 비구조적 대책의 개발 및 적용은 미흡한 형편이므로, 비구조적 홍수대책의 종합적 정비 및 효율적 운영방법 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 홍수유형별 발생원인별 대표적인 비구조적 홍수대책을 국내외 적용사례를 조사하여 분석하고, 비구조적인 홍수방어대책들에 대한 장단점 및 적용성 등의 정성적 평가를 실시하였다. 국내 여건에 적합한 홍수위험구역 설정방안을 제시하고자, 국내의 다양한 하천공간 확보를 위한 관련규정인 하천구역, 홍수관리구역, 수변구역, 상수원보호구역, 친수구역, 홍수위험구역, 자연재해위험지구, 방재지구 등에 대하여 조사하였으며, 국외 사례로 영국의 홍수위험구역 평가제도, 미국의 홍수터 관리 프로그램, 호주의 하천공간 분류 기준, 일본의 하천공간 설정 기준 등에 대한 고찰을 수행하였다. 또한 국내 홍수보험 제도의 문제점 분석 및 제고방안을 제시하고자, 현재 소방방재청 주관으로 시행되고 있는 풍수해보험제도에 대한 조사 및 분석을 실시하였으며, 미국에서 시행되고 있는 국가홍수보험프로그램, 프랑스의 자연재해보험, 스위스의 자연재해보험풀 제도, 일본의 홍수보험제도에 대하여 심층적인 고찰을 수행하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.95-118
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of major soil types in Korea, and to assess the ability to predict soil distribution using environmental variables. A classification tree method was used to assess soil predictability. While the great soil groups can give more intuitive understandings on their spatial distributions, its predictability using environmental factors is much lower than that of the great groups. The most important factor to determine the spatial distribution of major soil types is the geomorphological characteristic of Korea that shows distinctive morphological difference between mountains and plains. Spatial distribution of climatic variables and catenary soil sequence along slopes play additional roles in determining the distribution of soil types. The classification tree models resulted in 35-75% of prediction accuracy, depends on the combination of different environmental variables brought in the models. While geomorphological variables are the best predictors for the great groups, climatic variables perform better for the great soil groups.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.699-713
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• 2012

Palustrine wetland is often used for development work and green area creation. However, the ecological characteristic of vegetation is not frequently considered in planning. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate vegetation characteristic according to land-use of palustrine wetland and to provide basic materials in assessment of palustrine wetland and restoration and creation of wetland. Survey sites were caterogized into paddy, field, and mountain. Each category had two sites, so total 6 survey sites were investigated for vegetation. As a result, with a range of 61~92 species, total 216 taxa were confirmed, consisting of 71 families, 168 generic, 187 species, 2 variety 1 forma 1 subforma. Mountain received a high score in the evaluation score range of floristic regional indicator plants, and it was found that there were 10 families and 28 species of naturalized plant. Mountain showed low appearance, and fiddy and field showed relatively high appearance. Naturalized plants with slightly high vegetation cover ratio are Erigeron annuus, Amorpha fruticosa, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Trifolium repens, Erigeron Canadensis, Ambrosia trifida, Oenothera odorata, Bidens frondosa, etc. Such naturalized plants should be removed to prevent terrestrialization of wetland and its harmful damages. Long-term monitoring and proper management of naturalized plants are expected to improve palustrine wetland into high quality biotope of rural area in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.63-76
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• 2022

This study was conducted to compare the perceptions of the park use status, importance, and satisfaction of users in the first implemented and completed Uijeongbu Jikdong Neighborhood Park among the private park special projects carried out as a countermeasure for long-term non-execution of urban parks. To this end, in the initiated project, apartment residents and non-residents were classified according to the promotion plan, and a questionnaire research on importance and satisfaction was conducted to analyze the park use status and IPA(importance-performance analysis). First, as a result of the analysis of the current situation in terms of locational characteristics that occur during the promotion of special projects for private parks, unlike the mountainous areas, the targeted site was close to flat land, indicating that users' satisfaction with the landscape was high. Second, the access of the apartment residents in the initiated project site was easy. Thus, the use rate of residents was relatively higher than that of the non-residents. Third, differences in perception by item were identified through the analysis of IPA and the establishment of strategies. In quadrant I, among the facilities and services, installing restrooms was the priority for residents, and parking facilities and rest facilities were the priority than installing restrooms for non-residents. In quadrant II, overall scores for residents and non-residents were similar, but the distance to the park was in quadrant III due to the low level of satisfaction among non-residents. In this study, the difference in perception between residents and non-residents may cause problems in access and facilities in managing the park in the future. Therefore, it would be necessary to find a way to improve it by establishing a management strategy that takes into account the difference in the perception of residents after construction. In addition, through the results of this study, it was judged that the purpose of park development, the selection of types of parks, and the selection of plans and management indicators for each kind would be significant in the promotion of initiated projects in the planning of park development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.112-124
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• 2021

This study was conducted to examine and analyze local governments, park status, project characteristics, and the implementation in detail for private park special projects across the country as a means of responding to the sunsetting of urban parks. As a result of the analysis, first, the private park special project, was found to be mainly implemented in cities with a population of more than 100,000, so there was a limit to the application on military installations or in local small cities. Therefore, rather than applying the special system collectively, it was judged that institutional flexibility, considering the characteristics and size of local government, was needed. Second, the current special projects by the park creation donation collection method shows monotonous development centered on apartment houses, so it is necessary to diversify the development by introducing a park preservation method that purchases and donates park sites. Third, it was found that the area standard needs to be eased to less than 50,000m² to include parks with high utilization and good accessibility in urban areas of large cities, as the type and area of parks are limited. Fourth, most special projects are mountain parks, which are feared to damage the natural terrain and skyline, so separate ordinances should be established and applied, and development approaches should be made to allow nature and parks to coexist with the setting of detailed building guidelines for each type of facility. The guidelines should include, first, after the nationwide private park special projects are completed, standards for appropriate returns for similar projects should be established, institutional standards such as the recovery of excess profits should be established, and environmental reviews should be conducted. Second, it was found that local governments should institutionalize the composition of private consultations to promote the efficient management of projects through a cooperative system, and third, a roadmap for maintenance after the donation of special parks should be established.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.887-894
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• 2011

To evaluate the effects of abiotic factors of paddy fields on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from rice paddy fields, $CH_4$ emission amounts were investigated from rice paddy fields by different soil organic matter contents, paddy types, and agricultural climatic zone in Yeongnam area during 3 years. $CH_4$ emission amounts according to soil organic matter contents in paddy field were conducted at having different contents of 5 soil organic matters fields (23.6, 28.7, 31.0, 34.5, and $38.0g\;kg^{-1}$), The highest $CH_4$ emission amount was recorded in the highest soil organic matters plot of $38.0g\;kg^{-1}$. High correlation coefficient (r=$0.963^{**}$) was obtained between $CH_4$ emissions from paddy fields and their soil organic matter contents. According to paddy field types, $CH_4$ emission amounts were investigated at 4 different paddy fields as wet paddy, sandy paddy, immature paddy, and mature paddy. The highest $CH_4$ emissions was recorded in wet paddy (100%) and followed as immature paddy 64.0%, mature paddy 46.8%, and sandy paddy 23.8%, respectively. For the effects of temperature on $CH_4$ emissions from paddy fields, 4 agricultural climatic zones were investigated, which were Yeongnam inland zone (YIZ), eastern coast of central zone (ECZ), plain area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (PMZ), and mountainous area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (MMZ). The order of $CH_4$ emission amounts from paddy fields by agricultural climatic zone were YIZ (100%) > ECZ (94.6%) > PMZ (91.6%) > MMZ (78.9%). The regression equation between $CH_4$ emission amounts from paddy fields and average air temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone was y = 389.7x-4,287 (x means average temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone, $R^2=0.906^*$)

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.68-80
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• 2005

Parks became a matter of concerned among urban planning facilities that have not been executed for a long time because of the judgement of constitutional disagreement. This study deals with actual condition of constructing neighborhood park at the level of urban planning. In order to enhance the coefficient of citizens' utilization of parks. This study analyzes current situation of neighborhood parks and developing condition in Busan, revealing problems by investigating types of facilities under construction as well as by comparing size and progress of the parks under construction. This study tries different kind of access to the problems with the emphasis on estimation of planning and establishing neighborhood parks on the basis of the coefficient of citizens' utilization. Through the various examinations, this study brings into relief the problems being created in the course of establishment of parks which functions only as green tracts of land at present. As a result, the following conclusions could be made. First, from the viewpoint of location the parks, Busan parks are mostly located in the mountain areas adjacent to urban districts. Secondly, establishment of neighborhood parks is usually for development projects and the facilities introduced in them are monotonous. Thirdly, there is a tendency towards expansion of size and standardization of facility. Forthly, establishment plan of parks lacks profitability. Lastly, there is serious limitation in the size of land for developing neighborhood parks, and what is worse, there is no management of them.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

Cut-slope due to the road construction is one of the most significant problems in the domestic case, that is, 70% of the land is covered by mountain. Moreover, typhoons or heavy rains concentrated in summer season causes the failure of cut-slope. Rock-fall and soil slope failure take 40.8% and 29.5% out of the entire domestic cut-slope failure, respectively. Rock-fall is quickly occurred by the free fall or rolling of rock fragments generally in the upper slope. Soil slope failure produces a clastics-flow and increases casualty especially when caused by heave rainfall because the velocity of the movement is verb high. Considering the car speed and rock-fall velocity, it will take a life in a moment. This study analyzes a set of field data of most recently collapsed domestic road cut-slopes to characterize these cut-slopes and the nature of rock-falls and clastics flows at each site. Based on the results, design criteria for a road alarm system are proposed, considering the relationship between the time required for clastics-flow and the velocity and braking distance of a cat at the incidence. The road alarm system proposed herein would operate instantly after a rock-fall and it will minimize damages, by warning drivels approaching to the collapse or collapsing location in advance.