• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.507-515
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• 2016

In South Korea, there are a large number of tunnels because of the mountainous terrain, and to overcome this characteristics, lengths of tunnels are more longer than existing tunnels. The need to improvement current tunnel management contents is giving rise for accidents in tunnel section is continuously increased although lots of efforts to reduce the accidents. Conventionally, disaster prevention have been focused on the Tunnel Management Systems, tunnel operators generally tend to depend on CCTV images for most contents of detailed traffic flow managing. In this paper, investigation about current Tunnel Management Systems contents using IPA survey was conducted, and Priority Improvement Contents(Accident Situation Management Support, 2nd Accident Management Support, Traffic Flow Monitoring), which importance are high, but satisfaction are low, are deducted. Also, CCTV images, lack intuitive understanding, are judged as a main cause of low satisfaction of those contents. To overcome those limitations of the existing Tunnel Management Systems, this study sought to develop a technology for the synthesis of road images to derive traffic information from synthesis images, and the contents improvement stragegy is established. Tunnel operators-oriented satisfaction survey on new contents was carried out, and scored 4.2 on a 5-point scale. This has confirmed that the availability of new contents and at this stage, with pushing ahead of long-tunnels and undersea tunnels construction, politic applications are expected.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2005

Silk Road is the term involving all traffic roads connecting the East to the West, and ancient Korean culture has became globalized through Silk Road. In this paper, natural environment of Silk Road is considered as fundamental data in order to understand the Western culture introduced through Silk Road. Silk Road region is classified into Loess Plateau district; arid basin district; and high mountains district; Hesi Corridor(河西回廊) is the transition zone that the southeastern part of $W{\breve{u}}w{\bar{e}}i$(武威) is Loess Plateau district; other northwestern part is arid basin district Loess Plateau district, composed of homogeneous fines, has experienced dramatic soil loss by bringing under cultivation. At recent times, reforestation and construction of check-dam have been in operation to cope with this problems, Arid basin district; although at midlatitude, is desert climate because it is far from the ocean and is surrounded by high mountains. Oasis of Hesi Corridor is continuous linearly, but that of arid basin district is sporadic. In $H{\bar{a}}mi$ and $T{\breve{u}}l{\breve{u}}f{\bar{a}}n$(吐魯番) fruit-growing using karez flourishes, And glacier of $Ti{\bar{a}}nshian$(天山) Mts. and $Q{\bar{i}}lian$(祁連) Mts. is very important to arid basin district because of supplying water resource. In the tundra zone surrounding alpine glacier, are distributed widely solifluction lobes and earth hummocks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.139-139
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• 2003

원예작물은 수확 후 여러 가지 요인에 의해 품질이 저하되어 상품성을 잃게되는데, 특히 수확 후 품온상승에 의해 호흡작용이 왕성해져 품질변화를 촉진하게 된다. 그러므로 수확 후 품온을 가능한 한 빠르게 낮추어 신선도를 유지하기 위한 예냉, 저온저장, 저온수송기술등 저온유통시스템을 활용하는 것이 매우 필요하다. 저온유통시스템을 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서는 냉기의 순환이 원활하여 냉각효율이 좋고 파손의 위험과 물류비용을 줄일 수 있는 포장상자의 구조에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 포도, 방울토마토, 참외의 소비형태는 핵가족화와 더불어 신선 고품질의 농산물을 소량 구매하는 소비패턴으로 변화하면서 저온유통 및 소포장을 위한 포장형태의 개선이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 예냉.저온유통에 적합한 포장상자를 개발하기 위하여 연구소, 농협중앙회, 상자제작회사, 포장디자인 업체, 산지농협 작목반이 개발협의체를 구성하여 참외, 포도, 방울토마토의 저온유통용 골판지 상자를 개발하여 압축강도 및 냉각시험을 실시하여 소비지에 시범 보급하였다. 1. 참외 포장상자는 3kg용 상부 개방형 골판지상자로써 손잡이를 부착하고, 포장상자 상부에 덮개용 필름을 부착하였다. 제작된 상자의 압축강도는 저온유통 후 에도 안전압축강도 이상인 343kgf의 압축강도를 나타냈고, 냉각효율도 기존상자에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 또한 개발된 상자를 사용하여 시중에 출하할 경우 기존 5kg 상자에 비하여 8%이상의 부가가치를 높일 수 있었다. 2. 포도 포장상자는 소비자 기호도를 충족하고 다층적재시 손상을 방지하기 위하여 내용물을 1단 적재하고 상자를 개방형으로 하여 덮개용 필름을 부착하므로써 소비자가 내용물을 확인할 수 있도록 하고, 상자의 압축강도는 소비지까지 유통이 완료된 후 에도 수직압축강도가 400kgf이상으로 안전압축강도 보다 높아 저온에서 안전하게 유통할 수 있었다. 또한 개발된 상자를 사용하여 시중에 출하할 경우 기존 5kg 상자에 비하여 2kg상자는 21%, 4kg상자는 12%이상의 부가가치를 높일 수 있었음. 3. 방울토마토 포장상자는 외포장 상자를 4kg용 상부 개방형 골판지상자를 사용하고, 내포장상자는 500g용 PET용기를 사용하여 1상자에 8개의 내포장상자가 적재될 수 있도록 제작하였다. 제작된 외포장상자의 압축강도는 저온유통후에도 320kgf으로 안전압축강도보다 높게 나타났고, 파랫트 적재효율도 96%이상으로 나타나 물류의 효율성을 높일 수 있었다. 개발된 상자를 사용하여 시중에 출하할 경우 기존 산물형태의 4kg용 상자에 비하여 500g 내포장상자에 출하할 경우 20%이상의 부가가치를 높일 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.120-121
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• 2003

과수원에서 재배되는 배는 과수원 내의 위치, 시비, 토양 등의 요인에 따라 다양한 품질을 나타내며, 당도와 숙도의 편차가 크기 때문에 과수농가에서는 경험에 의존하여 적정 숙기로 판단되는 배를 수확하고 있다. 그러나 과학적이지 못한 사실에 기초한 수확 관행은 시장유통되는 배에 대하여 소비자들의 신뢰성 저하를 초래하게 되고 소비 감소와 더불어 농가 소득 감소로 이어지게 된다. 최근, 전국의 청과물 산지유통센터에는 근적외선을 이용하여 과일 내부의 당도, 산도, 결함 등을 실시간으로 판정할 수 있는 비파괴 선별기가 보급되고 있으나 이는 수확이후의 선별.규격화 유통을 위한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이와는 달리, 수확 이전, 즉 재배 단계에서 배의 당도와 숙도를 판정하여 수확적기를 판단할 수 있도록 나무에 매달린 배에 대하여 가시광선과 근적외선 반사스펙트럼을 측정할 수 있고 이를 이용하여 당도와 숙도가 판정가능한 휴대형 센서를 개발하였으며, 개발된 시작기를 이용하여 당도판정의 가능성을 시험하였다. 휴대형 당도판정센서는 광원과 광섬유프로브, 광검출부, 당도판정부, 전원공급부로 구성된다. 광원은 할로겐램프(6V)를 이용하였고, 광섬유프로브는 동심원 형태로서 외부의 광섬유를 통하여 광원에서 시료로 빛이 조사되게 하고, 내부의 광섬유를 통하여 광검출기로 확산반사되는 광이 전달될 수 있도록 하였다. 전원공급부는 휴대와 충전이 가능한 배터리(12V, 2AH)와 이 배터리에서 정전류가 광원으로 보내어 질 수 있도록 제작된 회로로 구성하였다. 당도 판정을 위하여 518nm에서 1046nm의 파장대역에서의 반사스펙트럼을 이용하였고, 레퍼런스로써 백색 테플론 구를 제작하여 사용하였다. 수원 농산물 도매시장에서 판매중인 2002년산 신고 배를 구매하고, 시작기를 이용하여 총 113개의 배에 대한 반사스펙트럼을 측정하였다. 다음으로 굴절당도계로 당도값을 측정하고 반사스펙트림을 이용하여 당도값을 예측하기 위한 부분최소제곱회귀(PLSR)모델을 개발하였다. 여기서 모델의 정밀도는 교차검정법을 이용하여 검증하였다. 시료 표면과 광섬유프로브와의 접촉상태 불균일, 광원의 시간에 따른 경시 변화, 과일 형상의 차이 등에 의하여 측정된 반사스펙트럼은 상당한 변이를 나타내었으므로 이를 보정하기 위하여 반사 스펙트럼은 다분산보정처리하여 이용하였다. 당도 예측용 PLSR모델 개발의 결과, 모델의 결정계수($R^2$)는 0.67, SEC는 $\pm$0.4brix.로 나타났으며, 교차검정에 의한 미지 시료의 예측에서 총 113개의 미지 시료에 대한 결정계수는 0.57, SEP는 $\pm$ 0.46brix.로 나타났으며, 이는 현장에서 충분히 활용가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 금후, 전체 시스템의 부피와 중량을 줄이고 각 부분품들의 전력소모의 최소화할 수 있도록 개선할 계획이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2003

This study was aimed at suggest a proper logging method of mountain forest using geographic information system(GIS) based on digital terrain model(DTM) in the National Forest at Mt. Kumsan in Namhae-gun, Gyungsangnam-do, which has about 2,948 ha in area. The areal percentage of 201 to 250m in the elevation was about 15.5%, elevation of 251 to 300m was 14.5%, and 78.75% for higher than 400m. The accumulated areal percentage of below 30% in the gradient was 17.2%, and 81.0% for steeper than 60%. The area for tractor skidding was 17.2%(511.7ha), the area for tractor attached winch skidding was 63.8%(1,896.3ha) and 18.4%(545.5ha) for cable yarding. It is important to choose the proper logging machines for timber harvesting. In general, the selection of logging operation system was affected several major environmental factors like as terrain conditions(slope gradient, slope length) and stand factors. The rate of middle slope gradients in terrain conditions showed higher than that of steep slope gradients in this area. Therefore, it considered that the logging operation system in this area could apply to tractor+winch operating machine according to terrain conditions.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.1 s.62
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• pp.19-24
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• 1985

Alternaria mali isolated from infected apples in storages and orchards of the four main apple growing areas of Taegu, Yesan, Jungup and Chungju in Korea was tested with various fungicides added in PSA medium. The fungal tolerance varied with little difference by orchard area and with great difference by king and concentration of fungicide. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorothalonil and captafol was $100,238{\mu}g\;and\;81,000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, showing low effects with high fungal tolerance; of iprodione and folpet was $3,285{\mu}g\;and\;3,000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, showing moderate effects with moderate fungal tolerance; and of oxidong, polyoxin and polydong was $1,000{\mu}g,\;900{\mu}g\;and\;500{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, showing high effects with low fungal tolerance. Mycelial growth, conidia formation and conidia germination of the fungus showed a similar trend of response to the seven fungicides.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.160-169
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• 1976

Monotupenes of the oleoresin of P. densiflora S. et Z., P. densi-thunber gii Uyeki, P. thunbergii Parl., and P. densiflora for. erecta Uyeki of the subgenus Diploxylon of the genus Pinus in Korea were analysed by means of gas liquid chromatography, and following results were obtained. Monoterpene of P. densiflora, P. densi-thunbergii, P. thunbergii, and P. densiflora for. erecta consisted of ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, ${\beta}$-pinene, myrcene, limonene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, terpinolene and two unknown components. Major monoterpene components of P. densiflora and it's for. erecta were ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, myrcene, and terpinolene. Major monoterpene components of P. densi-thunbergii were ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, and terpinolene. Major monoterpene components of P. thunbergii were ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-phellandre, and limonene. Monoterpene components in P. densiflora, P. densi-thunbergii, P. thundergii, and P.densiflora for, erecta showed a range of variation by the individual trees. Monoterpene contents of P. densi-thunbergii were intermediate between those of P. densiflora and P. thunbergii. ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, and myrcene appeared to be the best taxonomio characteristics for separating P. densiflora from P. thunbergii, and the former had higher content of ${\alpha}$-pinene than ${\beta}$-pinene while those of the latter were vise versa. There was a significant difference of ${\alpha}$-pinene components of P. densiflora between that of Anmyun Island and Mt. Chiak, but it seemed to be caused by the difference of the individual trees rather than provenancial difference.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 1985

The objective of this study is to analyze the market structure and price formation status of imported log from overseas which has leadership of timber price decision mechanism in Korea. The results obtained are as follows; 1) The 53 percents of the total 134 log importing companies are the small scale companies which import less than ten thousand cubic meters per year, and are mainly aimed to do agent task of importing log. 2) The market structure of imported log formed high level 01 oligopolistic structure, but did not make excess profit of oligopoly because of excess import. 3) The bargaining power of Korea on the price decision process in the overseas log exporting market is very weak, because the market has the bilateral oligopoly structure, and the non-systematic importing behavior of Korean log importing companies make the bargaining power of Korea more weak. 4) It is analyzed that Korean domestic marketing system is comperatively simple, but reasonable marketing system is not established because of the disorder of the marketing behavior. From the results obtained above, it is proposed that the government has to establish the general institutional system to control the supply-demand and marketing problems of imported log, in order to establish the rational structure of market and price decision system of imported log.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.401-414
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• 2014

In an attempt to evaluate licorice quality based on its biological activity, we grafted an on-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) bioassay method into the previously established HPLC analysis method. The common antioxidant peaks in licorices of various origin were observed through an on-line HPLC/DPPH system leading to a decrease in absorbance at 517 nm for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Among them, the licorice from Youngju possessed the highest activity. Therefore, three active standard compounds from the dehydroglyasperin C, dehydroglyasperin D, and isoangustone A, were isolated and elucidated by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and instrumental analysis such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. On-line HPLC/ABTS analysis method with the simultaneous determination of three standard compounds and their radical scavenging activity was established for the quality evaluation of licorices. 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals (ABTS) which is stable and effective was used in replace of DPPH. The radical scavenging activity of three standards is compared with that of Trolox, known as antioxidant, showing a negative peak with a decrease in absorbance at 734 nm for ABTS. This on-line HPLC/ABTS analysis method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy in compliance with international conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 2009

The objective of this research was to introduce the TPI approach for interpreting land-forms of mountain forests in South Korea. We develop an objective procedure to decide the scale factor as a basic analytical unit in land-form classification of rugged mountain areas using TPI. In order to determine the scale factor associated with the pattern of slope profiles, the gradient variance curve was derived from a revised hypsometric curve developed using the relief energy of topographic profiles. Using the gradient variance curve, found was the grid size with which the change in relief energy got the peak point. The grid size at the peak point was determined as the scale factor for the study area. In order to investigate the performance of the procedure based on the gradient variance curve, it was applied to determination of the site-specific scale factors of 3 different terrain conditions; highly-rugged, moderately-rugged and relatively less-rugged. The TPI associated with the corresponding scale factors by study site was, then, determined and used in classifying the land-forms. According to the results of this study, the scale factor gets shorter with more rugged terrain conditions. It was also found that the numbers of valleys and ridges estimated with TPI show almost the same trends as those of the observed and the scale factors tends to approach to the mean distance of ridges.