• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

In the present study, a perfluorchemical emulsion (Fluosol-DA $20\%$) did not alter $D_o\;and\;D_q$ values on cell survival curve, indicating that the lack of a direct effect of Fluosol-DA $20\%$ on cellular radiosensitivity in vitro. The effect of Fluosol-DA $20\%$ injection in combination with carbogen breathing was determined on the hypoxic cell fraction in SCK tumors. The hypoxic cell fraction in control SCK tumors was 0.39. This value decreased to 0.05 when the mice were i.v. injected with 12 ml/kg of Fluosol-DA $20\%$ in a carbogen atomosphere. The measured mean and median $PO_2$ values with a microelectrode in the control tumors was 9 mmHg and 4 mmHg, respectively. The treatment of the SCK tumors in the host mice with injected Fluosol-DA $20\%$ in combination with carbogen breathing increased the mean and median $PO_2$ values to 67 mmHg and 62 mmHg, respectively. Using carbogen breathing alone caused a moderate increase of tumor $PO_2$. But Fluosol-DA $20\%$ injection alone caused little change $PO_2$ in the tumor. It was concluded that the combination of Fluosol-DA injection and carbogen breathing is an effective means to improve oxygenation of tumors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2000

Background : Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are known to have high long-term mortality compared to healthy subjects because of their cardiovascular dysfunction. The observation of hemodynamic changes by obstructive apneas is helpful when attempting to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of the development of cardiovascular dysfunction in those patients. Therefore, we studied the changes in cardiovascular function with an animal model and tried to obtain the basic data for an ideal experimental model (this phrase is unclear), a requirement for a more advanced study. Methods : Sixteen anesthetized dogs with ${\alpha}$-chloralose delete were divided into two groups : 8 dogs of room air breathing group and 8 dogs of oxygen breathing group. We measured $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$, heart rate, cardiac output, mean femoral artery pressure, and mean pulmonary artery pressure at specified times during the apnea-breathing cycle before endotracheal tube occlusion (baseline), 25 seconds after endotracheal tube occlusion (apneic period), 10 seconds (early phase of postapneic period, EPA) and 25 seconds (late phase of postapneic period, LPA) after spontaneous breathing. Results : In room air breathing group, the heart rate significantly decreased during the apneic period compared to that at baseline (P<0.01) and increased at EPA and LPA compared to that during the apneic period (P<0.01). But, the heart rate showed no significant changes during apneic and postapneic periods in the oxygen breathing group. Cardiac output tended to decrease during apneic period compared to that at baseline, but was statistically significant. Cardiac output significantly decreased at LP A compared to at baseline (P<0.01). Mean femoral artery pressure was significantly decreased at during apneic period compared to that at baseline (P<0.05). Conclusion : Through this experiment, we were partially able to understand the changes of cardiovascular function indirectly, but delete new experimental animal model displaying physiological mechanism close to natural sleep should be established, and the advanced study in the changes of cardiovascular function and their causes should be continued.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1224-1229
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• 2004

The blend films of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) with chitosan were prepared and water vapor transmission rate, oxygen permeability and lipid permeability of the PHB/chitosan films were measured. Additionally, the biodegradability of the PHB/chitosan films was also evaluated. Water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability of the films decreased by the addition of chitosan. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, plasticizer), however, increased the water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability of the films. In the evaluation of lipid permeability, all the films except PHB (the film made of only PHB) and PHB-P (the film made of PHB and PEG) did not permeate beef tallow for 24 hours. The consumed oxygen for PHB/chitosan films during incubation was greater than that for the control on the biodegradability determination of the films, which implies that PHB/chitosan films were degraded by the microorganisms. The higher PHB ratio of the films was, the faster biodegradation of the films occurred.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1980

The oxygen permeability and it's proofness of te various commercial polymer films have been investigated at the constant pressure and temperature. Oxygen proofness, the reciprocals of the oxygen permeability for the various samples, were determined by means of a coulometric oxygen permeability tester. The testing of sample films was performed at constant temperature $(23{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$ under 1 atm. for 24 hours. The order of the relative proofness observed are as follows; oriented Nylon (O. Nylon)> oriented Polyester (O. PET)>nonoriented Nylon (N. Nylon)>nonoriented Polyester (N.PET)> rigid Polyvinyl chloride (Rigid PVC)>semirigid Polyvinyl chloride (Semirigid PVC)> oriented Polypropylene (O. PP)>plasticized Polyvinyl chloride (P. PVC)> casted Polypropylene (C. PP)> low density Polyethylene (LDPE)>high density Polyethylene (HDPE, Inflation)> high density-polyethylene (HDPE, T-die) The oxygen proofness of the films was increased with the polarity cf polymer, the film thickness and mechanical orientation and decreased with the addition of plasticizer in PVC. For the use of wrapping materials, one film with the polar property in the main chain of the polymer molecule and the others with nonpolar property in it are laminated for the protection from oxygen and moisture.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.262-269
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and complications of two oral sedative regimens, chloral hydrate (60mg/kg)/hydroxyzine(25mg) versus midazolam(1mg/kg)/meperidine(1mg/kg) for the sedation of pediatric dental patients. Fifteen patients(mean age 36.2months, range 24-47months), ASA Class I or II, who needed at least two restorative dental procedures were selected in this double-blind, randomized study. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive either chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine or midazolam/meperidine and 50% $N_2O/O_2$ was administered at each appointment. Behavior assessment(sleep, movement, crying, overall behavior) was made using Houpt Sedation Rating Scale and physiologic parameters(pulse rate, oxygen saturation) were monitored using pulse oximeter. The incidence of hypoxia($SpO_2$ 90% or less, at least 10s duration) and vomiting was recorded. Patients sedated with chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine showed significantly better overall behavior score than patients sedated with midazolam/meperidine. There was no clinically significant difference in the incidence of hypoxia and vomiting. It was concluded that oral administration of chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine is more effective than midazolam/meperidine for the sedation of pediatric dental patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2003

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.643-649
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• 1998

Background: For the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring long-term oxygen therapy, oxygen concentrator machines are already widely available for use in home. In this study, we used mongrel dogs as test subjects to compare the functional efficiency and safety of the oxygen concentrator developed by our own research team with those of the imported FORLIFE(TM) machine made by AIRSEP Corp. Method and method: To test mechanical reliability, the concentrations of oxygen delivered were measured after 4 hours of continuous operation. Sixteen mongrel dogs were divided into two equal groups. Mongrel dogs in group A were given oxygen using the imported oxygen concentrator, and those in group B using the machine developed. 5 l/min of oxygen were given, after which vital signs were analyzed, arterial blood gases measured, and blood chemistry tests carried out. Results: After 4 hours of continuous operation, the imported model performed better, giving 98${\pm}$3% oxygen, compared to our model, which gave 91${\pm}$1%. In the animal experiments, oxygen concentrations were measured at the inlet of face mask 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after continuous administration, and there was no statistically significant difference(repeated measures of analysis of variance p=0.70) between the values of 70.6${\pm}$2.5%, 67.1${\pm}$2.9%, 68.2${\pm}$2.6%, and 64.9${\pm}$3.9% that were measured from group A, and the values of 65.1${\pm}$4.8%, 65.2${\pm}$3.6%, 68.7${\pm}$4.3%, and 66.0${\pm}$5.0% measured from group B. Before oxygen administration, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after oxygen administration, arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen 87.2${\pm}$2.5 mmHg, 347.4${\pm}$29.3 mmHg, 353.4${\pm}$21.2 mmHg, 343.0${\pm}$28.8 mmHg, and 321.6${\pm}$24.4 mmHg, respectively, were read from group A, which were not statistically different (p=0.24) to the values of 102.5${\pm}$9.6 mmHg, 300.3${\pm}$17.1 mmHg, 321.6${\pm}$23.7 mmHg, 303.4${\pm}$27.4 mmHg, and 273.5${\pm}$25.9 mmHg read from group B. Nonetheless, the arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen values appear to be somewhat higher in dogs that were given oxygen using the imported oxygen concentrator. Conclusions: From these results the prototype oxygen concentrator developed appears to function relatively satisfactorily compared to the imported, established model, but may be criticized for the excessive noise generated and poor long-term endurance or consistency, which need improvement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.178.1-178.1
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• 2013

산화물 반도체는 가시광선영역인 380~780nm에서의 투과율이 80% 이상이고, 3.2eV 이상의 밴드갭과 높은 이동도를 가지는 물질로 투명하고 휘어지는 디스플레이에 전도유망한 물질로 연구되고 있다. $10cm^2/V{\cdot}s$ 이상의 이동도를 확보하기 위해 IGZO에서 Ga대신 Sn을 첨가한 ITZO 산화물 반도체에 대한 연구가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서 ITZO 산화물 반도체 박막 증착 시 가장 중요한 특성으로 알려진 산소의 영향에 따른 광학적 특성을 알아보기 위한 실험이다. RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링을 이용하여 산소 가스 분압에 따라 ITZO 박막을 증착하였다. $(Ar+O_2)$의 합을 20으로 고정하고 $O_2/(Ar+O_2)$의 비율을 0~40%까지 가변하였고, $O_2$의 비율이 증가함에 따라 증착율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 투명 소자로서의 가능성을 판단하기 위하여 밴드갭과 투과도를 측정하였다. 광학적 밴드갭은 증착 시 산소 분압이 0%에서 40%로 증가할수록 3.46eV에서 3.32eV로 감소하였고, 또한 투과도가 가시광 영역(380~770nm)에서 87%에서 85% 감소하였다. In, Sn, Zn 의 금속 원자와의 결합 과정에서 산소의 빈자리가 줄어들어 전도도가 감소하여 광학적 밴드갭이 감소함에 따라 투과도가 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 2010

ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)는 전도도와 투과도 특성이 뛰어나 디스플레이, 태양전지, LED 등 여러 산업에서 전극 물질로 널리 사용 되어져 왔다. 최근 ITO의 사용이 급격히 증가하면서 이에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. ITO는 막의 특성을 좋게 하기 위하여 증착 시 Ar gas와 함께 $O_2$가스를 첨가하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 산소 분압에 따른 ITO 박막의 전기적, 광학적 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. Corning사의 eagle 2000 glass 기판위에 스퍼터링을 이용하여 ITO layer를 증측하였고, 증착시, $O_2$ partial pressure를 0 - 0.5%까지 0.1% 간격으로 가변하였다. 증착된 샘플은 Sinton사의 UV-vis 장비를 이용하여 광학적 특성을 측정하였고, Hall measurement 장비를 이용하여 전기적 특성을 측정하였다. ITO 박막은 $O_2$의 partial pressure가 증가할수록 향상된 전기적, 광학적 특성을 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.477-477
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• 2010

태양전지용 TCO(Transfer Conductivity Oxide)는 가시광선 영역에서 높은 광 투과도(optical transmittance), 낮은 저항(resistivity), 우수한 박막 표면 거칠기(roughness) 등의 특성이 요구된다. 현재 가장 많이 사용되는 투명전극은 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)가 보편적이다. 하지만 ITO에 사용되는 원료 재료인 In이 상대적으로 열적 안정성이 낮아 제조과정에서 필수적으로 수반되는 열처리가 제한적이며, 높은 원료 단가로 인하여 경제적인 측면에서 약점으로 지적되고 있다. 이러한 ITO 투명전극의 대체 재료로서 최근 ZnO 박막의 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. MOCVD(Metal-Organic chemical vapor deposition)로 Soda lime glass 기판위에 약 900nm의 두께로 증착한 BZO(Boron-zinc-oxide)박막을 수소 플라즈마 처리공정을 한 뒤 산소 플라즈마를 이용하여 재처리 하였다. 산소 플라즈마 처리 공정은 RIE(Reactive Ion Etching)방식의 플라즈마 처리 장치를 사용하였고 공정 조건은 13.56 MHz의 RF주파수를 사용하여 RF 전력, 압력, 기판 온도 등을 변화시켜 BZO 박막의 전기적 특성을 측정 및 분석하였다.