• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.172.2-172
• /
• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 1996.11a
• /
• pp.140-143
• /
• 1996

산성강하물이 산림토양에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 오염이 우려되는 공단지역(울산, 여천)과 대도시지역(서울, 부산), 그리고 비오염지역인 대조지역(평창, 삼천포)을 대상으로 이들 지역의 산림토양의 특성을 조사하였다. 또한, 이들지역 각각을 대표할 수 있는 산림토양에 인공산성비를 유출시켜 토양의 화학적 성질의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. - 조사지역별 토성분포는 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았으며, 전체 조사지역 토성은 양토(29.0%), 식양토(22.9%), 사양토(18.3%) 3종류가 분포율이 높았고, 이들이 전체의 70.2%를 차지하였다. - 조사지역 전체 산림토양 표토의 pH($H_2O$)는 4.41~5.14 범위로 평균 4.49이고, 심토의 pH($H_2O$)는 4.54 ~ 5.22 범위로 평균 4.69이었다. 지역별로 보면 공단지역(4.44) < 대도시지역(4.57) < 대조지역(5.08) 순서로 토양 pH가 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. - 염기포화도는 3.07 ~ 21.83% 범위이고, 평균값은 7.71%이었다. 지역별 비교에서는 대조지역(19.14%) > 공단지역(6.54%) > 대도시지역(5.60%) 순서로 높은 경향을 보였다. - 치환성 Al 함량은 2.13 ~ 5.59cmol(+)/kg 범위이고 평균 4.62cmol(+)/kg이었다. 지역별 비교에서는 대조지역(2.34) < 대도시지역(3.23) < 공단지역(5.20) 순서로 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. - 4종의 인공산성우(pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 및 5.6)를 산림토양에 유출시킨 결과 인공산성우의 유출량이 증가함에 따라 토양유출액의 pH 감소, 토양염기의 유실이 지속적으로 나타났고, AL과 Mn의 용탈량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데, 이러한 현상은 pH 3.0 인공산성우 유출시에 시작되어 pH 2.0에서 뚜렸하였다. - 인공산성우 토양유출 실험결과 울산, 남산 및 평창토양은 H 부하량의 증가에 따른 치환성염기 및 Al과 Mn의 용탈양상은 Sigmoid curve인 y = a/{1+exp(-c+bx)} 모델식에 따랐다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.411-424
• /
• 2013

Assessment and damage reduction strategy of acidic rock drainage were conducted in a section of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ highway construction site. The geology of the studied section consists of Icheonri sandstone and intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks. Sulfides occur as a disseminated type in sandstone and volcanics which were altered by the hydrothermal solution of granite intrusion. Volcanics and sandstone with a high content of sulfide were classified as a potentially acid rock drainage(ARD) forming rock. The drainage originated from those rocks may acidify and contaminate the surrounding area during the highway construction. Therefore, the drainage should be treated before it is discharged. A slope landslide hazard due to the ARD was also expected and the coating technology was recommended for the reduction of ARD generation as a preemptive measure before reinforcement work for enhancing slope stability such as shotcrete and anchor. According to the ARD risk analysis, those rocks should not be used as cement aggregate, but only to be used as a bank fill material of a filling-up system that allows minimal contact with rainfall and groundwater.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2001

In this study farm soil was tested under artificial acid rain(pH = 5.34), which is average pH of Pusan metropolitan area. and to find out the soil's acid neuralization capacity, soil acidity, CEC(cation exchange capacity)and akaline meatals, such as K, Ca and Na were tested. Because oyster shells(OS) had portion of alkaline metals, OS could play a role in acid soil amendment. And soil addition of sewage treatment sludge(STS) could be a alternative for disposal method. The purpose of this study is to evlauate acid soil amendment using STS and OS. In case of soil and STS, mixing ratio was10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3. And STS mixed OS was also added in acid soil as same ratio as STS. Throught the experiment, soil acidity was stationary state with slight decrease, and CEC was also stationary state but with slight increase. Allkaline metals showed differences in concentration, but all of them were tend to decrease. In conclusion, STS mixed OS could play a part in amendment of acid soil.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of Hidden gates form with the times. Fortresses position is constructed on the Korea mountain ranges. Hidden gate, one of facilities to construct fortress among various factors, represents as route of supplies way, ask for rescue, or counterattack plan to come in. The shape of hidden gate changes depend on land form, function, and time period. Previous research partially based on archeology or history. This research analyze Namhan mountain Namhansansung, one of the highest hidden gates count in Korea, distributive by main fortress, Bong-am fortress, Hanbong fortress. Nahhan Mountain fortress repeatedly affected by King Injo in Joseon Dynasty. As a result, Nahhan Mountain fortress consist of hidden gates alternation depend on the time of establishment or extension which makes different shape or size.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1999

The acid deposition and photochemical modeling study was performed on the Eastern Asia using Regional Acid Deposition Model(RADM). The results of this study show that horizontal distribution of $SO_2$, concentration and dry deposition flux was higher in Beking, Shanghai and central part of Korea. However distribution pattern of sulfate and $O_3$ concentration calculated by RADM were not similar to emission pattern. In daytime, $SO_2$, sulfate and $O_3$ were mixed to whole PBL but in nighttime because of inversion layer these pollutants were suppressed to lower level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.97 no.3
• /
• pp.266-273
• /
• 2008

The effects of soil acidification on the seedling growth and nutrition of Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima were investigated. The relationship between the seedling growth and molar (Ca+Mg+K)/Al ratio of in soil solution was examined. The results suggested that growth inhibition of seedling Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima was due to the low pH of soil solution, which was followed by leach of Al into soil solution, and decrease of essential elements, such as Ca in aerial pant of the seeding caused by the increase of Al concentration in subterranean pant of the seedlings. The level of growth inhibition was determined not only by Al concentration, but also by the balance of inorganic elements, Al, Ca, Mg and K. The growths of two species in total dry weight were clearly inhibited when molar (Ca+Mg+K)/Al ratio of the soil was lower than 6.0. The growth in dry weight, in the condition of the molar ratio was 0.8, was decreased 60% or 50% for the seedling of Pinus densiflora or Quercus acutissima respectively. It was concluded that the molar (Ca+Mg+K)/ Al ratio could be an important index for evaluation of the effects of soil acidification, due to acid deposition such as acid rain, on growth of trees and nutrition. And it might be a more useful indicator for evaluation of critical load of acid deposition on forest ecosystems.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.335-344
• /
• 2008

The acid rock drainage (ARD) production potential of rock was assessed for a tunnel construction area, Kimhae and the damage reduction strategy was discussed based on the ARD risk evaluation. The geology of the studied area consisted of Mesozoic quartz porphyry, sandstone, tuff and granite. Sulfides occurred as a disseminated type in quartz porphyry and granite, and a vein type in sandstone. Quartz porphyry and sandstone with a high content of sulfide were classified as a potentially ARD forming rock. The drainage originated from those rocks may acidify and contaminate the surrounding area during the tunnel construction. Therefore, the drainage should be treated before it is discharged. A slope stability problem due to the ARD was also expected and the coating technology was recommended for the reduction of ARD generation before the application of supplementary work for enhancing slope stability such as shotcrete and anchor. From the ARD risk analysis, those rocks should not be used as aggregate and be used as bank fill material with the system for the minimum contact with rain water and ground-water.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2005

In order to remediate acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Jeongam coal mine, steel mill slag, cow manure and limestone were used. As a result of batch test, the proper amounts for treating 1 L of acid mine water from the mine were determined as 15 g of steel mill slag, 15 g of cow manure and 500 g of limestone. After feasibility test, remediation system was arranged in the order of steel mill slag tank combination of cow manure and limestone, precipitation tank and oxidation tank. During 54 days' operations, the pH values of the treated waters increased from 3.0 to 8.3 and 61 % of sulfate concentration in an initial water was decreased. In addition, the removal efficiencies for metals in the water were nearly 99.9% for Al, Fe, Zn and 92.6% for Mn. Thus, the combination of steel mill slag, cow manure and limestone can be used as neutralization 때d metal removal for acid mine drainage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.6
• /
• pp.712-718
• /
• 2009

To look into the degree of the long distance movement of the air pollution within Mt. Kyebang, Hongcheon, one of the clean regions, major ions, components of collected wet precipitation, were analyzed by using the ion chromatography after measuring pH and electrical conductivity. The quality assurance of chemical composition data was checked by considering the ion balance and electrical conductivity. Also, the pH of precipitation showed in the pH5.0~5.5 range, less than the pH5.6 in which the standards of the acid precipitation. On the whole, the more precipitation got, the less ion concentration became.: It could showed what it influenced on the fluctuation of the precipitation pH according to fluctuation and neutralization of the according materials. In the meantime, as composition ratios of wet deposition, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and $nss-{SO_4}^{2-}$, ${NH_4}^+$ and $nss-Ca^{2+}$ accounted for high percentage. Especially, as the concentration of ${SO_4}^{2-}$, the artificial pollutant, and $Ca^{2+}$, the soil substance, showed high, Mt. Kyebang, Hongcheon having barely fixed air-pollutants sources was most likely to be influenced by the pollutants moved from long distances.