• Title/Summary/Keyword: 산림 수종

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Forest Structure in Relation to Altitude and Part of Slope in a Valley Forest at Chuwangsan Area (주왕산지역 계곡부의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 산림구조)

  • 박인협;문광선;류석봉
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.154-159
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    • 1995
  • The Chuwang valley-Kumunkwangi valley forest in Chuwangsan area was studied to investigate forest structure in relation to altitude and part of slope. Forty eight quadrats were set up in the valley forest along altitude of 470m to 780m and part of the slope. Density and basal area of trees in tree strata decreased as increasing elevation. With increasing elevation the importance values of Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased, while those of Pinus densiflora, Lindera obtussiloba decreased. As going from lower part to upper part of the slope, the importance values of Quercus valiabilis and Lindera obtussiloba increased while those of Fraxius rhynchophylla, Acer mono decreased. Species diversity tended to decreased as going to upper parts of the slope. The range of similarity indices between elevation belts, and parts of the slope were 74.4~84.2% and 68.0~96.3%, respectively. According to importance value and cluster analysis, the studied valley forest was classified into three forest communities of Pinus densiflora-deciduous tree species community of lower part of slope, Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community of middle and upper part of slope, Pinus densiflora community of the top area.

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Analysis of the Efficiency of Investment Made on Species of Major Economic Importance (몇 주요경제수종(主要經濟樹種)에 대(對)한 경제효과(經濟効果) 분석(分析))

  • Yim, Kyong-Bin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.41-66
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    • 1971
  • 본연구에 있어서 낙엽송, 소나무, 잣나무, 밤나무 그리고 포풀러를 주요 조림수종으로 취급해서 이들 수종(樹種)을 용재림생산(用材林生産) 또는 채실림(採實林)의 목적(目的)으로 경영(經營)한다하는 합리적(合理的)이라고 생각되는 몇 전제조건(前提條件)을 세워서 투자(投資)에 대한 수입률(收入率)을 분석(分析)해 보았다. 수입(收入)에 관여(關與)하는 인자(因子)에는 특히 토지조건(土地條件) (비옥도(肥沃度) 수분(水分), 경사(傾斜), 표토조건(表土條件) 등), 경영방법(經營方法)등에 따라 변화(變化)할 가능성(可能性)이 다분(多分)히 많은 것이지만 일단 일반수준(一般水準)을 생각해서 분석(分析)을 했다. 시대(時代)의 변천(變遷)에 따라 투자분석(投資分析)에 쓰여지는 인자(因子)의 값은 따라서 달라질 것이나 현시(現時)에 있어서의 어떤 수준(水準)이란 것을 고찰(考察)해 본 것이다.

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Studies on the Vegetation Structure and Management of the Seonghwoanglim(Natural Monument No. 93) in Wonju (원주시 성황림(천연기념물 제93호)의 식생구조 및 관리대책에 관한 연구)

  • 백길전;김갑태
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구는 치악산국립공원에 위치하는 성황림의 산림군집구조를 분석하기 위해 20개의 조사구를 성황림의 평지림과 사면림에 설정하고 조사하였다. 성황림의 산림군집은 졸참나무 - 복자기나무군집과 고로쇠나무 - 층층나무군집으로 분리되었다. 평지림의 졸참나무군집으로 분리되었다. 평지림의 졸참나무 - 복자기나무군집으로 복자기나무 - 졸참나무군집으로 천이가 진행될 것이라 판단되며, 사면림의 고로쇠나무 - 층층나무군집으로 그대로 유지될 것으로 예측된다. 수종간의 상관관계에서는 느릅나무와 으름덩굴.복자기나무.줄딸기, 복자기나무와 으름덩굴, 회잎나무와 졸참나무, 참회나무와 국수나무 등의 수종들 간에는 아주 높은 정의 상관관계를 보여 동질적인 지위(niche)를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 산뽕나무와 쪽동백나무, 복자기나무와 쪽동백나무.당단풍 등의 수종들 간에는 비교적 높은 부의 상관관계를 보여 이질적인 지위를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 1.2303~1.2741로 높은 종다양성을 보였다.

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Forest Structure in Relation to Altitude and Part of Slope in a Valley Forest at Yeonaegol, Kyeryongsan National Park (계룡산국립공원 연애골지역 계곡부의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 산림구조)

  • 박인협;서영권;이석면;이만용
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.303-310
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    • 2001
  • 계룡산국립공원 연애골 계곡부(해발 170-630m)의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 교목층과 아교목층의 산림구조를 조사하기 위하여 해발고와 사면부위에 따란 48개 조사구를 설정하였다. 계곡 정부를 제외할 때, 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 교목층의 밀도는 증가하는 반면 아교목층의 밀도는 감소하였으며, 교목층과 아교목층 전체의 밀도는 별차이가 없었다. 흉고단면적은 계곡 하부와 중부가 상부에 비하여 높았다. 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 산길나무, 팥배나무, 쇠물푸레 등이었으며, 감소하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 산벚나무, 졸참나무, 때죽나무, 갈참나무, 밤나무 등이었다. 사면 하부에서 갈수록 중요치가 증가하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 소나무, 신갈나무, 쪽동백나무, 쇠물푸레 드잉었으며, 감소하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 느티나무, 때죽나무, 비목나무, 고로쇠나무 등이었다. 해발고대별 종다양의 범위는 0.971~1.273이었으며, 종다양도와 종수는 계곡 중부가 계곡하부와 상부에 비하여 다소 낮았으나 균재도는 유사하였다. 계곡 정부를 제외한 해발고대간 유사도지수는 30.8~63.7%, 사면부위간 유사도지수는 69.8~79.5%로서 사면부위보다 해발고에 따른 종구성상태의 변화가 더 크게 나타났다. 수종별 중요치에 의한 Cluster 분석 결과 계곡 하부의 사면 상. 중, 하부에 위치한 때죽나무-소나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 계곡 중부의 사면 상, 중, 하부에 위치한 굴참나무-낙엽활엽수군집 계곡 상부의 상. 중. 하부에 위치한 물푸레나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 계곡 정부에 위치한 소나무-신갈나무군집 등 4개 유형군집으로 구분되었다. 종상관을 분석한 결과 느티나무, 물푸레나무, 고로쇠나무, 팽나무, 회나무 등 5개 수종간, 소나무, 쇠물푸레, 산철쭉 등 3개 수종간 유의적인 정의 상관을 보였다. 유의적인 정의 상관을 보인 느티나무, 물푸레나무, 회나무, 사람주나무 등 4개 수종 모두 소나무와 유의적인 부위 상관을 보였으며, 유의적인 정의 상관을 보인 졸참나무는 유의적인 정의 상관을 보인 물푸레나무, 사람주나무, 회나무와, 유의적인 부의 상관을 보였다.

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Estimation of Forest Productivity for Post-Wild-fire Restoration in East Coastal Areas (동해안 산불피해지 복구를 위한 산림생산력의 추정)

  • Koo, Kyo-Sang;Lee, Myung-Jong;Shin, Man-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.36-44
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    • 2010
  • In order to rehabilitate forest sites damaged by wildfire via natural or artificial restoration, it is important to determine right tree species, which can acclimate to biogeoclimatic environment at the sites. The objectives of this study were to develop site index equation of different tree species for estimating forest productivity and to provide information on species selection for post-wildfire restoration. Site index equation was developed based on environmental information from wildfire damaged areas in Gangneung, Goseong, Donghae, and Samcheok, where were located in east coastal areas of South Korea. Despite the small numbers (4~5) of environmental variables used for the development of the site index equations, statistical analysis (e.g. mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference) showed relatively low bias and variation, suggesting that those equations can provide relatively high capability of estimation and practical applicability with high effectiveness. The small numbers of the variables enabled the model to be applied in a wide range of usages including determination of appropriate tree species for post-wildfire restoration. The estimation of forest site productivity showed the possibility of large distribution in east coastal region as the best site for Korean ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla) and original oak (Quercus variabilis) that can be used for firebreak in the region. These results imply that damages by forest fire can be reduced significantly by replacing existing pure coniferous forests in the area with ones dominated by broad-leaved deciduous stands, which can play an important role as fire break and/or prevent a transition from surface fire to crown fire.

Development of a GIS Application Model for Analyzing Site-Specific Suitability and Investment Efficiency of Major Plantation Species (주요 조림수종의 적지 판정 및 투자효율성 분석을 위한 GIS 응용모델의 개발)

  • Kim, Eui-Gyeong;Kim, Hyung-Ho;Chung, Joo-Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study was to develop a GIS application model for analyzing site-specific suitability and investment efficiency of major plantation tree species. The model was designed to choose the best plantation species in terms of both potential stand growth and investment efficiency. Site index and IRR were used as the criteria for the potential of stand growth and investment efficiency, respectively. In the model, the conditions of forest stand management and site index are estimated as the function of site-environmental factors extracted by a series of spatial analyses of digital maps of FGIS. Based on site index values of tree species, the model screens out all the high potential tree species, in terms of stand growth, as the candidates for species selection and, then, calculates IRR for managing plantation forest stands for all the candidate tree species. The tree species of the highest IRR would be chosen as the one possessing the highest potential in terms of stand growth and profit. The model was applied to a case study for analyzing the site-specific suitability of 6 tree species in Taehwa University Forest of Seoul National University and the results are given in this paper.

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Case Study of Construction for a Foreign Forest Fire Prevention and Fire Break Zone - Japan Case - (국외 산불 방화림 조성 및 방화선 구축 사례연구 -일본 사례를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun;Kang, Young-Ho;Koo, Kyo-Sang;Jung, Sung-Chul
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2012.04a
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    • pp.488-491
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    • 2012
  • 우리나라는 1960년대부터 실시된 조림 정책을 통해 산림이 점차 울창해지고 있어 산림 내 연소물질이 증가되어 산불 피해 강도가 점차 높아지고 있다. 산불방지에 대한 예방차원으로 피해를 저감시키거나 위험을 완화시키는 대표적인 임업적 기술을 적용하는 방법으로 방화림 조성과 방화선 구축을 들 수 있다. 방화림 조성은 산림내 연소물질 관리 또는 수종을 갱신하여 산불확산으로부터 화재강도를 낮추어 산림의 산불위험성을 낮추는 방법이다. 대표적인 기술로는 간벌과 가지치기, 하예작업, 활엽수림 조성 등의 방법이 있다. 방화선 구축작업을 임내 연료물질을 완전히 제거하여 산불이 확산되지 않도록 구축하는 작업이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 일본과 중국의 산불 방화림 조성과 방화선 구축 사례를 조사 분석하여 국내 적용 가능한 기술을 선별하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 산불에 강한 수종을 선발하였고 산불에 강한 숲 조성 방법 및 방화선 구축 방법 등을 도출하였다. 이에 본 연구 결과를 토대로 산림내 주요사찰, 기간시설 및 군사시설 등과 같은 주요시설물이 산불로부터 안전하게 보호되고 피해를 최소화하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

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A Study on the Performance of Deep learning-based Automatic Classification of Forest Plants: A Comparison of Data Collection Methods (데이터 수집방법에 따른 딥러닝 기반 산림수종 자동분류 정확도 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Bomi;Woo, Heesung;Park, Joowon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.109 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2020
  • The use of increased computing power, machine learning, and deep learning techniques have dramatically increased in various sectors. In particular, image detection algorithms are broadly used in forestry and remote sensing areas to identify forest types and tree species. However, in South Korea, machine learning has rarely, if ever, been applied in forestry image detection, especially to classify tree species. This study integrates the application of machine learning and forest image detection; specifically, we compared the ability of two machine learning data collection methods, namely image data captured by forest experts (D1) and web-crawling (D2), to automate the classification of five trees species. In addition, two methods of characterization to train/test the system were investigated. The results indicated a significant difference in classification accuracy between D1 and D2: the classification accuracy of D1 was higher than that of D2. In order to increase the classification accuracy of D2, additional data filtering techniques were required to reduce the noise of uncensored image data.

Anatomical Characteristics of Major Korean Ash Species (한국산 물푸레나무속(屬) 주요 수종의 해부학적 특성)

  • Hwang, Won-Joong;Kwon, Goo-Joong;Park, Wan-Geun;Bae, Young-Soo;Kim, Nam-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 2002
  • Anatomical characteristics of Mulpurenamu (Korean ash, Praxmus rhynchopbylla), Deulmaenamu (Manshurican ash, Fraxinus mandsburica) and Sheamulpure (Sieboldiana ash, Fraxinus sieboldiana) grown in Korea were examined by an optical microscopy and an image analysis. Some characteristics such as boundary of annual rings, shape and size of vessel elements, arrangement of axial parenchyma cells in cross section, and cell volumetric composition showed significant differences between the sample species. In radial variation of elements, fiber length and vessel size increased from the pith for about 10 to 15 years and then reached a more or less constant. The results of this study can be used for identification of wood and indices of wood quality in Fraxinus spp.

The comparison of stand structure and tree growth btween the pasture area and the nearby deciduous forest (수목 존치 방목지와 주변 활엽수림의 임분 구조와 임목 생장 비교에 관한 연구)

  • 강성기;양희문;김지홍
    • Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to investigate and compare species composition, stand structure, and growth pattern for two different sites in which silvopastoral system has been taking place. One site was the pasture area where a number of trees were removed and grasses were planted for cattle grazing, and the other site was the deciduous forest that has been established by ecological succession. The results were as follows: 1. Nine tree species were present equally in the pasture area and the deciduous forest. Of these species, seven tree species were growing in common for two sites. However, the species composition, including density and frequency, was varied by sites. 2. The number of stems per hectare in the pasture area was 71, and that in the deciduous forest was 1,433, having shown the big difference. It is estimated that, considering the growth rate, better grown trees were remained at the time of harvesting in 1996. 3. The growth of diameter, height, and basal area in the pasture area was superior to that in the nearby deciduous forest. In spite of higher values of diameter and height, the timber volume of pasture area per unit area was less than 15% of that in the deciduous forest. 4. Providing sufficient growing space, the pasture area supported higher values of diameter and height. The wider growing space also had influence on the expansion of crown of trees by the result of deliquescent growth pattern. From this point of view, more research would be needed to establish appropriate number of trees for silvopastoral system.

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