• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2019

Precise and fast identification of crop cultivars is essential for efficient breeding and plant breeders' rights. Traditional methods for identification of jujube cultivars are based on the evaluation of morphological characteristics. However, due to time constraints and environmental influences, it is difficult to distinguish cultivars using only morphological traits. In this study, we cloned fragments from improved inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis, and developed stably diagnostic sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The specific ISSR bands of jujube cultivars from Dalizao and Boeundaechu were purified, cloned, and sequenced. As a result, four clones labeled 827Dalizao550, 827Boeun750, 846Boeun700, and 847Dalizao850 were identified. In order to investigate whether they were specific for the jujube cultivar, four pairs of SCAR primers were then designed and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications were conducted to analyze 32 samples, including jujube and sour jujube. In the PCR amplification of the 827Dalizao550 SCAR marker, the specific bands with 550 bp were amplified in six samples (Dalizao, Sandonglizao, Dongzao, Yuanlin No. 2, Suanzao 2, Suanzao 4), but unexpected bands (490 bp) were amplified in the others. Moreover, in the PCR amplification of the 847Dalizao850 SCAR marker, the specific bands with 850 bp were found in three samples (Dalizao, Sandonglizao, and Dongzao) and 900 bp unexpected bands were amplified in five samples (Pozao, Suanzao 1, Suanzao 2, Suanzao 3, Suanzao 4). These results showed that newly developed markers could be useful as a fast and reliable tool to identify jujube cultivars. However, further identification of polymorphic information and the development of SCAR markers are required for the identification of more diverse cultivars.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

This study used the results of the 2022 national survey of forest welfare facilities and space users conducted in the Republic of Korea to identify the associations and combination patterns among use of forest welfare facilities and various user characteristics. In addition, a correspondence analysis-namely, a categorical data analysis-was performed regarding four facilities: National Natural Recreation Forest, National Soopchewon, National Forest Trail, and National Healing Forest. The cross-analysis revealed highly significant differences (p < .001) in the age, household income per month, means of transportation, companion type, path to information acquisition, and purpose of visit among the users of forest welfare facilities. Moreover, the results of the correspondence analysis demonstrated that users of National Soopchewon and National Healing Forest were distinguished from users of the other forest welfare facilities based on demographic characteristics such as age and household income per month. In addition, the means of transportation of National Forest Trail users differed from that of users of the other forest welfare facilities. Moreover, users of National Soopchewon were associated with the type of public group visit, acquisition of information from the websites of related institutions and facilities and via online portals, and the purpose of participating in education and experiencing education programs. Therefore, the companion type, path to information acquisition, and purpose of visit on the part of users of National Soopchewon could be differentiated from those of users of other forest welfare facilities. The findings of this study revealed the associations and combinations among forest welfare facilities and the characteristics of users of such facilities, with the scope of utilization of the forest welfare facility user data being expanded via correspondence analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.366-376
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• 2016

The "Forest Partnership" mechanism in Indonesia allows those with authority to manage forests, including Forest Management Units (KPH) and concession holders, to partner with local communities for forest management and profit sharing. The objective of this study is to identify the challenges that this new mechanism is facing and develop practical policy recommendations for its successful implementation. "Lombok Forest Partnership" is the first of its kind in Indonesia between Forest Management Unit (KPH) and a local community. The local community members participating in this partnership were surveyed for their expected outcomes, degree of their satisfaction about the process and profits sharing, as well as other factors affecting their participation. Respondents reported that they have obtained the information on Forest Partnership completely from KPH and NGO. Local peoples participated in Lombok Forest Partnership to improve their incomes, and recognized timber production as the most important income source with high possibility of success. However, timber production will require sizable initial capital investment for establishing nursery and other supporting activities, which cannot come from local communities lacking economic means. Thus, Forest Partnership would be difficult to succeed if KPH does not take the initiative to permit and promote local community to use special area and generate profits in their jurisdiction. KPH, in turn, can share the profits with local peoples. In this regard, KPH's leadership is the key factor in the success of Forest Partnership. However, KPH will need to cultivate their capacity to develop and implement income-generating business with local community. Although profit sharing ratio of timber and non-timber forest products among local community who participated in Lombok Forest Partnership was very high at 75%, and 90%, the level of satisfaction on profit sharing ratio was only average. The cooperative organized by the local community is also dealing with sensitive nature of allocating forest area internally among their members. Thus, keeping the principle of fairness, equity and transparency is the key for successful implementation of Forest Partnership mechanism. This first case of Forest Partnership can serve as a model for the future cases and provide the early lessons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 1969

Forest area in Korea ocupies as much as 68 percent of the total land area, but forest production figure in the statistics is rather trifling: that is about 2 percent of Gross National Production (G.N.P.), on the average. In view of the primary industrial sector, its production only weighs no more than 5 percent of this whole sector. Forest production written above refers only to direct forest income of the whole forest income. For the primary forest products they are in many cases used as raw materials for other interrelated industries. The added value there-from, which arises from round about production Process, in other word, indirect income is of most singnificance. Nevertheless, until nowadays forest production has been merely refered to timber production i, e, direct production but indirect income has never been looked upon. In this regard, calculated indirect forest income by means of input ratio method. The material used were Leontiefls tables of two 1963 and 1966 fiscal years, surveyed and analysed by The Bank of Korea. Indirect forest income calculated were 42,688,200,000 won in 1963 and 74,789,800,000 won in 1966 compared direct forest income of 14,361,000,000 won in 1963 and 17,709,000,000 won in 1966. So far as indirect forest income is considered total forest production indices composed of direct and indirect forest income amount to 8.23% in 1963 and 10.12% in 1966 of Gross National Production. Invisuable forest income which originates from, what we cal, indirect benefit of forestry such as land conservation, flood and drought control, soil run off control, scenic beauty and many others is naturall, not included in the calculation. As already mentioned, primary forest products are, for the most part, utilized as raw materials for other industries, therefore indirect forest income is rather appreciable than direct forest income, contributing for the growth and development of other connected industries. In these points of view, forestry must not be evaluated trifling in deciding industrial importances.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.92
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• pp.36-37
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• 2006

2005년말 기준으로 관상수의 총 재배면적은 지난해보다 10% 감소한 8,294ha인 것으로 집계되었으며, 주요 재배수종은 키가 작은 나무인 철쭉, 회양목, 오갈피 등을 선호하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.232-232
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• 2016

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.495-502
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• 2015

This study intended to provide basic data required in establishing policies for improving the forestry management and the compensation standard for the loss from non-timber forest products by examining the cost of cultivating key medicinal herbs and the earnings from them to analyze the income. According to the income analysis on the cultivation of medicinal herbs, the average annual income per unit area of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara was the highest as it recorded 14,233,000 won/10a and was followed by Pleuropterus multiflorus TURCZ. which recorded 4,121,000 won/10a, Gastrodia elata Blume 3,766,000 won/10a, Epimedium koreanum Nakai 3,537,000 won/10a, Atractylodes ovata (Thunb.) DC. 2,655,000 won/10a, Aralia continentalis Kitagawat 1,048,000 won/10a, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas 1,025,000 won/10a, and Bupleurum falcatum L. 919,000 won/10a. Compared with the income from major nuts and fruits analyzed in 2014, the average annual income per unit area for medicinal herbs was relatively higher. For Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara and Aralia continentalis Kitagawat, soots are used for food and the roots for medicine, it appears that it can become a new income source for the farming and mountain villages. Meanwhile, the price for Paeonia lactiflora Pallas is dropping due to Chinese imports, and also damage to the income from other medicinal herbs due to Chinese imports is expected with the implementation of Korea-China FTA in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2016

Systematic and efficient forestry management is required because of the long-term low profitability of timber production and forest products. In this situation, non-timber forest products can be the solution to secure stable sources of income for workers in the forestry field. However, the existing studies for non-timber forest products focus on effective production and economic analysis and provide plans for increasing the income and improving the marketing system. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the spatial distribution as well as quantitative concentration of non-timber forest production. To achieve this goal, this study examined the regional concentration and dispersion of non-timber forest production in 2001, 2007, and 2014 using the coefficient of localization(CL) and location quotient(LQ) and investigated the change in spatial distribution using spatial statistics. The production of chestnuts generally showed a concentrated pattern in 2014 based on the outputs of the CL and LQ, but the result of spatial autocorrelation indicated a decrease in the spatial concentration. In addition, astringent persimmon showed more concentration from the output of CL than oak mushroom, but Moran's I suggests the opposite. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the spatial distribution to understand and improve the marketing system and intensify the production of forest products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2020

This study identified the types and features of forest leisure activities based on data from the Nationwide Survey on Forest Leisure Activities (N= 6,191). Further, the study analyzed the demographic impact factors of the categorized forest leisure activities according to four types of objectives reported by visitors: health promotion, education, relaxation, and leisure sports. The investigation revealed that people visit forests for relaxation regardless of the season; however, leisure-sports visitors engage in activities that occur in summer, are most expensive, and involve the shortest trip time. The study also found that age, gender, household incomes, and the presence of children were the most important factors influencing the selection of activities. Age was found the predominant consideration: the older the age was, the more likely people were to prefer the relaxation and health promotion type. Men were more likely to choose health promotion activities over relaxation and tended to prefer educational trips over relaxation when accompanied by children. Higher household incomes corresponded to an increased likelihood of visitor preferences for relaxation over education and for health promotion over relaxation. This study contributes to the extant literature by statistically determining the nationwide predominance of age as the principal factor driving visitor preferences for forest leisure activities. Future studies should establish policy directions for forest welfare from the perspective of users grouped into day visitors and overnight guests.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2018

This study analyzes the economic feasibility on the transition of production structure to increase income for a local forest village in Laos PDR. The study area was the Nongboua village in Sangthong district where the primary product is rice from rice paddy. Possible strategies were considered to increase the villagers' revenue, and Noni (Morinda citrifolia) was production in the short-term. We assumed that the project period was for 20 years for the analysis, and a total of 1,100 Noni tree was planted in 1 ha by $3m{\times}3m$ spacing. This study classified basic scenario one, scenario two, scenario three by the survival rate and purchase pirce of Noni. Generally Noni grows well. However, the seedlings' average survival rate (= production volume) was set up conservatively in this study to consider potential risks such as no production experience of Noni and tree disease. The scenario one assumed that the survival rate of Noni seedlings was 50% for 0-1 years, 60% for 0-2 years, and 70% for 3-20 years; the scenario two, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, and 60%; and the scenario three, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, 60% and purchase price 10% less, i.e., $0.29 to $0.26, respectively. Our analysis showed that all 3 scenarios resulted in economically-feasible IRR (internal rate of return) of 24.81%, 19.02%, and 16.30% of with a discounting rate of 10%. The B/C (benefit/cost) ratio for a unit area (1ha) was also analyzed for the three scenarios with a discounting rate of 10%, resutling in the B/C ratio of 1.71, 1.47, and 1.31. The study results showed that the Nongboua village would have a good opportunity to improve its low-income structure through planting and managing alternative crops such as Noni. Also the results can be used as useful decision-making information at a preliminary analysis level for planning other government and public investment projects for the Nonboua village.