• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the landscape structures of the National and Provincial Forest Parks in the list of "100 Famous Forests of Korea" designated by Korea Forest Service by comparing them with those of the non-designated forests. Among the designated and the non-designated, 34 mountain forests were chosen respectively over all provinces of Korea. The spatial characteristics of forest landscapes were quantified as the landscape indices independently using FRAGSTATS and the two sets of results of analyses were compared each other. According to the results of the comparative study, the designated forests were found on the higher elevation with the higher average slope and the more complicated relief conditions rather than those of the non-designated. In terms of landscape structure, the designated forests show the larger average patch size, the lower edge density and the higher diversity of landscape components. These results indicate that the more hilly mountain forests with the more complicated spatial distribution patterns of patches are the characteristics of the designated forests. The indices of the forest landscape structure would be useful in understanding the perception of forest landscape.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 지리정보시스템 및 원격탐사기법을 응용하여 북한의 자연환경을 조사하기 위한 기초연구로서 수행되었으며, 과거 약 20년 동안의 평양 및 남포지역의 산림면적의 변화 및 경관구조 변화측면에서의 산림 파편화 양상을 조사하였다. 조사자료로는 Landsat MSS 및 TM 영상의 NDVI값을 이용하였으며, 보다 정확한 피복분류를 위하여 변형된 Cluster-Busting 알고리즘을 활용하여 산림과 비산림지역으로 단순화시켜 분석하였다. 경관구조의 변화를 살피기 위해서 조각밀도, 형태 및 핵심내부지역의 면적 등의 경관지수(Landscape Indices)를 활용하였다. 분석과정을 거쳐서 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, Cluster-busting 방법을 활용한 토지피복 분류결과 87.3%의 총 분류 정확도를 얻었으며, Binary Map을 이용한 변화감지(Change Detection)기법 또한 그 결과가 정확한 것으로 판단되었다. 둘째, '79년에서 '98년에 이르는 기간동안, 평양의 경우 '79년 산림면적의 15%, 그리고 남포지역의 경우 14%가 감소하였다. 셋째, 경관지수를 이용하여 북한 산림의 파편화 변화를 조사한 결과 산림조각의 개수는 늘어나고 조각의 평균면적 및 핵심내부면적은 감소하였으며 조각크기의 다양성 또한 낮아졌다. 산림조각 형태지수 또한 매우 증가하였는데 이러한 결과들은 평양 및 남포지역의 산림조각이 파편화되고 그 형태 또한 불규칙적이며 복잡하게 변화하였음을 보여주고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
• /
• 2010.09a
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2010

아름다운 자연경관은 인구의 도시집중과 토목 건축 기술 기반의 도시공간구조 다양화로 자연경관은 그 모습을 잃어가고 있다. 이러한 변화 이변에는 자연경관의 보존에 대한 도시민의 욕구가 날로 증가하고 있어 경관자원의 보전 및 보호를 위한 체계가 필요한 실정이다. 체계적이고 종합적인 경관관리로 도시민들에게 우수한 경관을 제공하기 위해서는 경관의 변화 정도를 정량적이고 객관적으로 측정하고 모니터링 할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 건물배치 및 높이에 따른 산림녹시율을 3D GIS기반에서 분석하여 산림녹시율이 인간에게 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2002

Landscape, the land mosaics, is combined with human and natural environment. Landuse and landcover changes are an important factor that changes structure and function of regional landscape. In this study, the changes of landcover and landscape structures are examined in Kyongsan between 1985 and 1997, using Landsat TM images and landscape indices. The results of this study are as follows; First, according to the classification of landcover, forest and agriculture areas have decreased as a result of urban expansion. Second, forest fragmentation has been brought by development; So forest healthiness has weakened. It is proved that urban expansion has happened in agriculture land. Third, a variety of landuse types around forest have changed from agriculture-oriented types to the ones mixed with urban and agriculture areas between 1985 and 1997.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to test the applicability of landscape metrics for quantifying and monitoring the landscape structure in the Geumho River watershed, which has undergone heavy environmental disturbances. Landscape metrics were computed from land cover maps(1985, 1999) for the forest patches. The number of variables were reduced from 12 metrics to 3 factors through factor analysis. These factors accounted for above 91% of the variation in the original metrics. We also determined the relative effects of land development on the changes of forest landscape structure using multiple linear regression analysis. At the forest patches, the conversion of forest to urban areas and agriculture resulted in increased fragmentation. Patch area and patch size decreased. and patch density increased as a result of the conversion of forest to agriculture($R^2=0.696$, p<0.01). The heterogeneity of patch size and complexity of patch shape mainly decreased as a result of the conversion of forest to urban areas($R^2=0.405$, p<0.01). The density of core area and edge showed the tendency increase, but there was no relationship with the conversion of forest to urban area and agriculture The future research will be needed to analyze correlations between landscape structures and specific environmental and socioeconomic landscape functions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.145-156
• /
• 2005

An artificial disturbance like forest fragmentation has affected the sustainability of forest ecosystem. Therefore, in order to manage the forest ecosystem efficiently needed to analyze quantity and quality (structural pattern) of forest simultaneously. This study analyzed the structural patterns of forest landscape to provide a basic data for evaluation and management of forest ecosystem in Nakdong River Basin during 10 years from 1980s to 1990s using landscape indices and GIS methods. Forest distribution maps and 6 landscape indices(LPI, PD, ED, MSI, CPLAND, IJI) for the analysis were reconstructed from land-cover maps constructed by Ministry of Environment and pearson correlation analysis. According to the structural analysis of forest landscape using landscape indices, the forest fragmentation of watersheds along the main stream of the Nakdong river was more severe than any other watersheds. Futhermore, the Nakong-sangju and Nakdong-miryang watersheds had unstable forest structures as well as least amount of forest quantity. Thus, these watersheds need significant amount of forest through a new forest management policy considering local environmental conditions. The connectivity between forests in local regions should be considered as well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2010

지난 수십 년 동안 형태지수는 패치의 복잡성을 정량화하여 생물종 다양성 보존과 같은 경관생태계획에 활용되어 왔다. 지역계획 연구자들이나 정책결정자들에게 경관구조와 패턴을 정량화하는 경관생태지수는 대상지역을 모니터링할 수 있는 하나의 수단으로 활용되어 왔다. 그러나 경관생태지수관련 연구를 살펴보면 연구 목적 및 범위에 따라 활용하는 경관생태지수의 종류가 매우 다양하고 복잡한 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 연구목적에 적합한 경관생태지수를 선정하는 것은 복잡한 수학분석과 함께 많은 주의가 필요한 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 형태지수들을 도시지역, 도시외곽지역, 농촌지역 그리고 산림지역 등 4군데 사례지역에 적용하여 그 결과를 통해 형태지수들의 특성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 평균형태지수값(MSI)에서는 도시외곽지역이 가장 높게 나타났고, 평균프랙텔차원지수(MPFD)에서는 농촌지역이 높게 나타났다. 넓은 면적을 가진 패치에 가중점을 고려한 평균형태지수값(AWMSI)과 평균프랙텔차원지수값(AWMPFD)에서는 산림지역이 가장 높게 나타났다. 사용한 네 가지 형태지수값의 순위가 4군데 사례지역에서 다르게 나타났다. 특히 둘레와 면적의 로그전환을 이용하고 있는 프랙텔차원지수들의 경우, 도시와 도시외곽지역의 MPFD값은 같고, 도시외곽지역, 농촌지역과 산림지역의 AWMPFD값 차이는 적어 순위 분별력이 떨어졌다. 따라서 넓은 면적을 가진 패치에 가중점을 고려한 평균형태지수(AWMSI)가 지역별 산림패치의 복잡성을 잘 정량화할 수 있음을 본 연구결과에서 보여주고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.289-301
• /
• 2023

Forests within watersheds are essential in maintaining ecosystems and are the central infrastructure for constructing an ecological network system. However, due to indiscriminate development projects carried out over past decades, forest fragmentation and land use changes have accelerated, and their original functions have been lost. Since a forest's structural pattern directly impacts ecological processes and functions in understanding forest ecosystems, identifying and analyzing change patterns is essential. Therefore, this study analyzed structural changes in the forest landscape according to the time-series land cover changes using the FRAGSTATS model for the dam watershed of the Geum River upstream. Land cover changes in the dam watershed of the Geum River upstream through land cover change detection showed an increase of 33.12 square kilometers (0.62%) of forests and 67.26 square kilometers (1.26%) of urbanized dry areas and a decrease of 148.25 square kilometers (2.79%) in agricultural areas from the 1980s to the 2010s. The results of no-sampling forest landscape analysis within the watershed indicated landscape percentage (PLAND), area-weighted proximity index (CONTIG_AM), average central area (CORE_MN), and adjacency index (PLADJ) increased, and the number of patches (NP), landscape shape index (LSI), and cohesion index (COHESION) decreased. Identification of structural change patterns through a moving window analysis showed the forest landscape in Sangju City, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Boeun County in Chungcheongbuk Province, and Jinan Province in Jeollabuk Province was relatively well preserved, but fragmentation was ongoing at the border between Okcheon County in Chungcheongbuk Province, Yeongdong and Geumsan Counties in Chungcheongnam Province, and the forest landscape in areas adjacent to Muju and Jangsu Counties in Jeollabuk Province. The results indicate that it is necessary to establish afforestation projects for fragmented areas when preparing a future regional forest management strategy. This study derived areas where fragmentation of forest landscapes is expected and the results may be used as basic data for assessing the health of watershed forests and establishing management plans.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.237-249
• /
• 2023

This study was carried to establish a new landscape-oriented gardening model based on climate, vegetation, and forest landscape characteristics. In addition, innovative forest garden models were suggested through an integrated approach to the ecological characteristics of forest vegetation communities and existing garden planting types. For the study, the key landscape elements that make up the main forest vegetation community were identified. And the vertical layers and horizontal distribution patterns of the community structure were typified by diagnostic species and their growth forms & habits such as dominant species, character species, and differential species, and degree of dominance-sociability. Based on this, a standardized vegetation structure and formation was developed by stratifying the landscape into main features, minor features, and detailed features according to visual dominant elements. Also, the applicability of the forest garden model was examined by applying the concept of borrowing landscape to representative deciduous broadleaf forests in the temperate northern region of Korea. Additionally, an integrated forest garden models based on the conceptual definition and typology of forest gardens, and a strategic approach to forest vegetation were proposed

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.22-34
• /
• 2004

An artificial disturbance like fragmentation in watershed forest has impacted a sustainability of watershed ecosystem, therefore this research quantified the landscape structure in the Geumho river watershed using landscape indices and GIS. Landscape indices were calculated from the forest distributed maps for 24 subwatersheds. Three common factors, which explained about 85% of the variation in the original data, were extracted by a factor analysis. The fragmentation gradient in forest landscape, which was calculated from the factor scores, was correlated with proportion of urban land (r=0.827, p<0.01, $R^2$=0.685), elevation (r=-0.637, p<0.01) and slope gradient (r=-0.593, p<0.01). The result of the study presented that the methodology and the values of landscape indices to assess the structural patterns of forest landscape for the Geumho river watershed management. Future research will be directed towards the detection of impacts of landscape patterns and their changes on the integrity of watershed environments.