• Defense and Technology
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• no.6 s.112
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• pp.46-63
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• 1988

1960년대와 1970년대 초반까지만 해도 항공기를 획득하고자 하는 나라에 대해 적당한 공급처는 두군데 밖에 없었다. 이런 여건은 그 나라의 정치적인 입장에 따라 차이가 있어 "진보적 " 이거나 "사회주의"인 국가는 동구권 (주로 소련) 에서, 그렇지 않은 국가는 미국이나 유럽에서 공급원을 물색하였다. 여기에 "비동맹"을 표방한 국가들은 어느쪽에서든 항공기를 획득할 수 있었다.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5 s.360
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• pp.82-83
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• 1999

1953년 안드레이 사하로프는 그의 나이 32세에 소련 수소폭탄의 아버지가 되었다. 그는 또 가장 젊은 소련 과학아카데미 회원이 되었으며 스탈린상과 사회주의 노동영웅의 칭호도 받았다. 그러나 1968년 핵폭탄 실험의 제한과 미ㆍ소 공존을 주장하는 평화주의자로 돌아서자 그는 공직을 박탈당했고 7년간 귀양살이도 했다.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 1991

본 특집은 한국식품개발연구원의 기술신서 제3집 "중국의 농수산물 생산유통실태와 식품관련 산업현황"(박무현, 박형우 저) 실린 도표 및 그의 중국관련 자료들을 분석하여 현재 중국의 식량생산에 따른 시장구조 변화의 측면을 고찰한 것이다. 특히 이러한 고찰은 중국의 시장구조가 과연 자본주의적인 변화를 추구하는 건지 또는 중국 독자의 사회주의체제 유지를 위한 건지 살펴보는 계기가 될 것이다.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.2 s.132
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• pp.26-33
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• 1990

북괴의 공업화정책은 군수산업 육성 즉 군사력 건설과 그 잠재력의 증대에는 소기의 목적과 큰 성과를 거둔 것으로 평가할수 있으나, 그들이 주장하는 "중공업 발전이 경공업, 농업, 그리고 인민들의 생활수준을 향상시킨다."는 사회주의 경제발전 이론은 모순이 분명히 증명된 것이다. 북괴에서는 뒤늦게 그러한 문제점을 인지하고 개선하고자 노력하고 있으나 근본적인 구조적 모순 때문에 전망이 흐릴수 밖에 없다

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2001

동북아 지역은 경제적으로 선진국과 신흥공업국, 개발도상국이란 서로 상이한 경제발전 수준을 가지고 있으며, 정치적으로는 자본주의와 사회주의라는 다른 체제가 공존하고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에서 한반도에는 남북정상회담 이후 남북 교류의 새로운 장을 열게된 경의선 복원사업이 실시됨과 동시에 러시아가 경원선 연결을 통하여 시베리아횡단철도와 한국철도의 연결을 제의하여 철도 연결을 둘러싼 동북아의 상황은 빠르게 변모하고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2013

The formation of modern architecture during the Weimar Republic in Germany is seen through the works by Bruno Taut, one of the leading architects during that period. Through the extensive literature readings on Bruno Taut and critical analysis of Bruno Taut's ideologies, his works and the circumstances that he was in, the contention of this paper is that the root of modern architecture has less to do with functionalism and new technologies, but more to do with need to express new ideologies and expressions of their view of a new society. Although the socialistic idea did not account for sole reason for influencing their architecture, it did play a considerable part in deciding what architectural expressions are preferred. For this discourse this paper limits Bruno Taut's years from 1913 to 1932 prior to his exile from Germany; 1913 to 1923 being the years that constitute theoretical activities and 1923 to 1932 being the golden years for social housing when he participated on many public housing projects. It was during this period that his architecture put importance of practicality, and utilitarian; however the transition was not an abrupt departure from his expressionistic architecture but an inclusive act on his part.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

Singapore, a city state with less than 6 million population, has continued successful cooperative development and become one of the most successful Asian countries in exporting expertise in urban and real estate development. This research aims to analyze Singapore's cooperative development with socialist countries including China and Vietnam from Singapore's perspective as an investor. For cooperative development projects in China, Singapore adopted Singapore-style physical urban planning concepts as well as its own institutional and administrative systems. Singapore-Vietnam cooperative development managed to acquire profitable land and diversify its portfolio in terms of industry types and rents. This made Singapore's industrial parks more competitive than other parks in Vietnam. By showcasing successful project implementation in China and Vietnam, Singapore has proved that its model for industrial park and urban development is transferable. Singapore's success in cooperative development with socialist countries provides important implications for future cooperative development between South and North Korea. For example, phased development approaches starting from individual industrial parks expanding to mixed-use townships will be very useful to realize sustainable urban planning in North Korea and reduce financial risks. Singapore dominated development opportunities in advance when socialist countries opened their economy. To pattern ourselves after Singapore, we should not only improve our relationship with North Korea but also prepare with practical components such as financing and organizational structure.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1011-1049
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• 2011

This study is mainly to investigate the influences of both Western's utopian socialism and cooperatives ideas on the process of China's rural cooperation from 1919(the occurrence of 5.4 movement) to 1958(the completion of People's commune). To accomplish this, first, we will discuss that how these two ideas emerged as an alternative to Western capitalism in the before/early 20th century were introduced into China and how these ideas effected on the process of the China's Communist Revolution. Then, we will review the process of China's rural cooperation during the 1950s' new socialist nation-building period since the foundation of New China(1949), the sharp debates about rural cooperation in the process of its realization, and the reasons of radically promoting rural cooperation in the late 1950s. Finally, through these debates and experiences regarding rural cooperation in rural China during 1919-1958, any implications in solving rural cooperation problems of contemporary China facing difficulties will be provided.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2019

China, more than any other countries in the world shared similar ideological system with Korea historically. That is confucian patriarchy, which later combined with socialism and capitalism respectively. Therefore, the hardship that modern chinese women had to go through in the course of great social changes would provide meaningful cross cultural insights in various women issues in Korea. Thus this study attempts to focus on Ding Ling, who is considered to be one of the first women that brought the feminism up in China. One of her early works, and from Yan'an days were analyzed to mirror current feminist movement.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.119-130
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• 2018

In the late 1950s, departing from their unquestioning following of Soviet architecture, North Koreans attempted to discover the specificities of traditional Korean architecture and apply them to their contemporary monuments. This paper examines the ways in which North Korean architects developed their unique version of Socialist realism in the making of Pyongyang Grand Theater. The traditional elements in harmony with North Korea's political ideology-an early form of Juche ideology-and modern building technologies were to be viewed as contemporary elements, and not as a simple revival of the past. This study applies Socialist realism's compositional principle "national in form and socialist in content" to Pyongyang Grand Theater and examines specifically what "socialist content" and "national form" were and how the two were combined in the construction of Pyongyang Grand Theater. By situating the building in the context of localization of Socialist realism which is universal art principle of the communist world, this study contributes to the deeper and wider understanding of North Korea's Modern Joseon Architecture.