• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.101-130
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• 2018

Social class has become a major focus of research in the field of Western psychology due to its critical impact on human life. The Korean scholarship in psychology, however, has paid very little attention to the issue of social class despite the deepening of social stratification in the country; and the concepts and measurement they used were typically borrowed from sociology. In this study, I discussed what social class means and how it should be measured in order to emphasize the importance of the concept and its related issues. To this end, I examined a variety of theoretical backgrounds on the measurement of social class and the concept of socioeconomic status (SES)-a term commonly used as a synonym for social class. This study divided the method of measuring social class into objective social class and subjective social class, and outlined the characteristics of each approach and their main indicators. Finally, I assessed the recent trend in the Korean psychology on social class measurement. Among the 23 studies I have found, 65.2% used the objective social class index; and education was the objective indicator they most frequently employed, followed by income and occupation. Social stratification identity was used in all seven studies that applied subjective social class. And seven different words to describe social class was found. Based on these results, I concluded that there should be a call for more direct research on social class variables. In addition, I suggest that 'social class', instead of socioeconomic status, should be used as a preferred term in the future studies and propose a few notes on how to use the objective indicators and subjective social class measurement.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.5-30
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• 2014

This study sought to identify developmental trajectories of bullying victimization from late elementary school through early high school, and to examine internalizing and externalizing problem outcomes associated with the trajectory group membership. Data from Seoul Panel Study of Children were collected annually over a 7-year period from 5th grade of elementary school through 2nd grade of high school (2005~2011). Latent class growth analysis yield three trajectory classes corresponding to stable low (81.2%), stable high (3.5%), and declining bullying victimization (15.6%). Findings from analysis of covariance indicated that students in both stable high and declining trajectory groups reported significantly higher means in internalizing behavior (withdrawal, depression/anxiety, and suicide ideation), compared to those in the stable low group. For externalizing behavior such as aggression and juvenile status offense, students in the stable high group showed higher means, compared to those in the stable low and declining trajectory groups. Developmental pattern of bullying victimization over multiple development stages and associated internalizing and externalizing outcomes are discussed as are the implications for the bullying prevention.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.124-136
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• 2014

Nowadays Korea, where the elderly comprise 11.7 percent of the population had approached to an aging society. In these situations, the purpose of this study is to investigate a employment policy directives of a senior for the employment activation. For this study. we divided the employment policy with a law aspect, a programmatic aspect and a social aspect. And researched about the employment policy case of advanced countries. In the law aspect, this study suggested that they should extend age-limited, strengthen the law and unify the policy actors. In the programmatic aspect, this study suggested that they should change the program goal, make diversification of programs and expand the education students. In the social aspect, this study suggested that they should promote the cognizance change and private participation about senior policy. This study was conducted for the employment activation of a senior.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.313-336
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• 2016

The study reviews theoretical and empirical research literature in information needs, seeking and uses in order to search for the most pertinent metatheories for studying information practices of the disadvantaged. The study examines the salient features and main theories/models of each cognitive, affective and social approach in the user-centered paradigm through analyzing prior information practices studies. While analyzing the main features of each cognitive, affective and social approach, the study points out the limitation of research using the cognitive and affective approaches to fail to theorize the relationship between individuals and complex and dynamic socio-cultural contexts in information practices. As an alternative, the study suggests using the social approach as a pertinent metatheory for understanding information practices of the disadvantaged who are entangled with myriad social contexts and issues. In order to verify the pertinence, the study examines the advantages of the social approach through analyzing both the main models related to everyday information practices under social constructionism and the main findings from information practices of the disadvantaged.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 1986

복잡한 사회문제해결에 유용한 접근방법의 하나인 계층분석과정은 수학자인 사티(Saaty)가 개발한 것으로서 이미 사회과학의 여러 분야에 적용되고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 이 계층분석과정을 간호교육과 관련된 문제에 적용해 봄으로써 이 방법이 실제 문제해결을 위한 유용한 접근방법이 될 수 있는가를 고찰해 보는데 있다. .현대사회문제들은 다양한 관련요소, 그 요소들간이나 다른 문제들과의 복잡한 상호관계, 다수의 의사결정자의 참여, 무한한 대안, 문제의 결과에 대한 불확실성 등으로 인하여 단순한 모델이나 간단한 논리적 혹은 직관적인 판단에 준하여 일시에 해결하기 어려운 경우가 많다. 이러한 상황 하에서 문제와 관련된 요소들을 찾아내고 그 요소들을 계층적으로 분석하여 단계적으로 문제해결에 접근하는 계층분석과정을 활용함으로써 사회과학분야의 문제해결에 유용한 수단이 될 수 있다. 또한 문제와 관련된 요소를 규명하고 계층적으로 분화하는 과정에서 그 문제에 대한 보다 명확한 이해, 분석 및 현상의 흐름을 더 잘 인해하게 된다. 계층분석과정은 1) 계층구조의 설정 2) 구성요소들의 중요도 측정 3) 중요도에 따른 우선 순위의 산정 4) 우선 순위의 일관성 검토과정으로 요약된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 과정을 통하여 미국 간호계에서 심각한 문제로 대두되어온 기본교육제도상의 쟁점(Issue of Entry into Practice）에 대한 문제 해결책이 마련되는지를 시도하였다. 즉, 기본교육 제도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인들을 규명하여 계층화하고 계층내에 위치하는 구성요소들의 수평적 관계와 계층간의 수직적 관계를 체계적으로 검토하여 간호교육의 미래를 예측해 보았다. 간호교육제도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 주요 요인들의 계층화는 거시적 환경차원(factors), 관련 이해자 집단차원(actors), 이해자 집단의 목표차원(objectives), 목표달성을 위한 정책차원(Policies), 그리고 간호교육제도의 미래를 예견한 시나리오(scenario)로 이루어졌다. 각 계층을 따라 단계적으로 중요도를 비교하여 최종적으로 각 시나리오의 우선순위 중요도(priority weight)를 구하였다. 각 시나리오의 우선순위 중요도를 간호교육과 관련된 4가지 차원들(학생, 교수, 교육기관, 직업)을 구성하고 있는 특성들에 가중하여 결과를 해석 하였다. 간호교육의 미래에 정치적(55%)과 경제적(25%) 요인이 가장 강한 영향을 미치고, 관련자중에서는 병원(38%) 의사(33%) 그리고 정부(23%)의 순으로 영향을 미친다고 분석되었다. 의외로 간호원 자신들은 큰 영향력이 없는 것으로 보여졌다. 4개의 시나리오 중에서는 그 우선순위 중요도가 현상유지(33%) 자발적4년제(32%), 강제 4년제(19%), 그리고 2~3년제의 우위(18%) 순으로 나타났다. 최종 시나리오 결과를 요약하면 1) 전체 학생수는 감소하나 양질의 간호학생수는 증가하며 2) 박사학위를 소지한 간호학 교수 및 전체 교수의 수가 증가할 것이다. 3) 전체 간호교육기여의 수는 약간 줄 것이며 그중 4년제 기관이 증가하고 반면에 2~3년제의 기관은 감소할 것이다. 4) 전문간호원이 되기 위한 입학용이도에는 별차이가 없겠으나 간호원들의 보수, 지위 및 자율성이 증가하면서 전반적인 간호의 질이 향상될 것이다. 계층분석과정의 적용으로 미국 간호교육계의 가까운 미래를 위와 같이 예견하여 보았으나 이 과정은 예견 뿐 만 아니라 일반적인 의사결정이나 문제 해결의 도구이외에도 복잡한 사회문제의 본질을 분석, 이해함으로써 보다 정화한 정책문제를 규정하는 데에도 유용할 것이다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 2020

This study attempts to identify the structure of class conflict in Korea and to suggest an alternative framework for a empathetic society. The objective and subjective level of satisfaction with life and class consciousness are in direct proportion, and status consistency signifies polarization. Distorted distribution structures and cultural values make income disparity and property disputes widen, which in turn lead to educational divides and status fixations, refracting or blocking the possibility of social mobility. By overcoming the COVID-19 crisis, it is not appropriate to go back to the past but to correct wrong consciousness and practices in the past, and the consistency between the state and members of society must be re-established. Through the process of innovation at the economic, global, and digital level, a major transformation is required in the new normal era, which prioritizes social development for human values. The conflict resolution depends on the solidarity of the community as a social foundation, since an empathetic society needs the trust and communication of the members of the society.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-150
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• 2013

본 연구는 필리핀 국제결혼 이주여성들이 한국사회에 적응하는 과정에서 나타나는 초국가적 행태의 원인을 국가, 시장, 사회의 상호작용을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 자본주의적 시장경제체제 하에서 시장의 역할은 확대되고, 국가의 시장통제와 사회보호는 약화되며, 사회는 이러한 환경에 적응하기 위한 선택을 하게 된다. 지구화의 영향으로 교류와 접촉의 기회가 증가함에 따라 국제결혼의 가능성이 다양한 수준으로 확대된 것은 사실이다. 그러나 국제결혼이주를 선택하는 많은 수의 필리핀 여성들은 시장경제체제의 소외계층에 속하며, 이들을 맞이하는 한국 남성들도 많은 경우 국내 결혼시장에서 소외된 계층에 속한다. 이들의 초국가적 행태는 지구화 시대에 국경을 넘나들며 다양한 외국어 능력을 갖추고, 타국 문화에 익숙하며, 품위 있는 직장을 가진 '세계시민'의 그것과는 대조적이다. 오히려 시장경제체제 하에서 소외된 사람들의 생존전략의 하나로 볼 수 있다. 기존의 초국가주의 논의가 이주자 개인의 삶과 출신지의 변화에 초점을 두었다면, 본 연구의 국제결혼이주와 연관된 초국가적 행태는 생존전략으로서의 선택이라는 측면과 정착지 사회의 변화에 초점을 두었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.421-430
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• 2021

It is necessary to pay attention to the appearance of word-initial glottalization among social classes. The higher the academic ability, the more formal it is, the more likely it is to avoid word-initial glottalization due to the psychological factors that are close to the English pronunciation. The purpose of this study is to prove and clarify this through experimental research and the Praat voice analysis program. In previous discussions on word-initial glottalization, there have been various discussions such as strengthening expressions, the conclusion of competition of modern society, Korean historical analysis, differences in Korean and English phonetics, and attempts to regularize the pronunciation of loanwords. In this paper, it was revealed that the higher the academic ability, the weaker the pronunciation of loanwords word-initial glottalization appears in formal and formal situations, by using experimental research and voice analysis program Praat. The presence or absence of pronunciation of the initial specification of loanwords acts as a psychological base for expressing one's status and hierarchy.

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.25 no.7 s.200
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• pp.2-5
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• 2004

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.121-128
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• 2007

This paper suggests a way of estimating the value of interclass equity improvement by railway operations. Equity is understood in this paper in the context of a mobility gap between classes. The value of the reduced mobility gap by railway operations is interpreted as an increase of social equity. In particular, the unit value of equity improvement by rail services is quantified based on the amount of fare reduction through public service obligations. The difference in the surplus calculation between elastic and inelastic demands relative to the reduction is also discussed. The result of this study is expected to be helpful of performing more cautious appraisal for rail investment schemes.