• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-110
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social costs of inland trucking and maritime transport between Kwangyang Port in Korea and the Great Lakes in US. Also, this study compares these social costs each other, and finds the way how to internalize them for the efficiencies of national logistics policies. This study uses the Contingent Valuation Method to evaluate the social costs for the two transport modes in each country. The final result is that the social cost difference between inland trucking and maritime transport around US Great Lakes area is not so significant that there are not many chances to enhance the maritime transport in the region. However, in case of Korea, there is significant difference in social costs between the two transport modes, so that Korea government may have a lot of chances to improve the seaborne trade by way of various internalization policies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 2018

In this study, only 2,877 men, 2,614 men (44.6%), and 143 women (2.3%) were selected as the subjects who were over 18 years old in response to the health consciousness of the Korean medical panel data in 2012. Emergency of smokers through medical use and medical expenditure data by smoking. The social costs were estimated through medical expenses according to the number of hospitalization and outpatient medical use. The social cost was calculated by summing the social expenditure on health care costs, insurer (corporation) costs, copayment, non - salary, and productivity costs by adopting the social perspective established by the health economist Rice (1968). The rate of annual emergency medical use by smoking status is 7.5% for smokers per 100 people, 9.8 times for use, and 809,003 won for social expenses. The annual rate of hospitalization per 100,000 population by smoking status was 9.6% for smokers per 100 population, 9 times for use, The social cost is 706,870 won. Annual smoking rate by smoking status was 68.6% for smoking, 9 cases for annual medical use,

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-37
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the social costs induced by various transport modes such as truck, rail and sea vessel. For this purpose, we introduce the damage function of each transport modes, and estimate social costs for 10 items using Meta Analysis. As a results, this study can find that shipping is the most efficient transport mode because it gives the lowest social costs among them. This study also find that the iso-cost transport distance that gives the equal social costs between the transport modes. Our methodology can be thought somewhat inferior to the Contingent Valuation Methods, however the advantage of this methodology is that we can decomposite the total social costs into item by item and can apply it to other researches.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2019

Aids to Navigation(AtoN) Accident can reduce the credibility of AtoN by adding extra works to the administrators, and cause burdens and inconveniences to the users during their navigation leading to social costs (or economic losses). Prior research on social cost estimation model to determine the Encounter cost, Administrative cost and Risk cost on the Aton model was done to estimate the economic losses due to AtoN Accident. However, this research could not provide adequate study results on risk cost estimates. Therefore, this study complements the estimation model presented in the previous study, and the estimated social cost of 249 AtoN Accidents that occurred during the last 10 years (2008-2017) in the Busan Regional Office of Oceans and Fisheries jurisdiction area. The risk cost was estimated using contingent valuation method since the AtoN is a non-market goods. As a result, the social cost of AtoN Accidents for the past 10 years was estimated to total 12.4 billion won including Encounter cost of 3.1 billion won (25.38%), Administrative cost of 1.7 billion won (13.62%), and Risk cost of 7.5 billion won (61.01%).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2018

Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is a marine traffic safety facility used to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of shipping and enhance the protection of the marine environment by the regulations or guidelines of The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). Our country is managing AtoN to provide consistent services for AtoN users, although an average of 141 AtoN accidents occur annually. An AtoN accident forces non-planned work on the managers to resort the function, and causes psychological anxiety for its users, ultimately resulting in economic losses. This study developed the Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents. The model can be used to quantify the manager's economic activities related to the shutdown and recovery, as well as the cost associated with the inconvenience to AtoN users. The Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents is proposed as the sum of the encounter cost, administration cost and risk cost.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2018

This study investigates the strategic environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) of polluting duopoly when two firms have different production costs and compete with prices. We then examine an endogenous timing game in choosing ECSR and its effects on environmental damage and social welfare. The followings are the main findings: First, sequential choice of ECSR is strategic complements and it provides late adopter advantage irrespective of cost difference. Second, sequential choice of ECSR is the equilibrium of endogenous timing game. In particular, an efficient firm-leading ECSR is the payoff dominance equilibrium when cost difference is significant. Finally, environmental damage and social welfare depend on the social cost of pollution. In particular, an efficient firm-leading ECSR is socially desirable when social cost is high. However, an inefficient firm-leading ECSR increases environmental damage irrespective of social cost and it reduces social welfare when cost difference is significant.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.148-158
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• 2011

As critical infrastructure, bridges play an indispensable role in facilitating the distribution of goods. When bridges reach their end of useful life or get damaged by natural disasters such as earthquakes or storms, they have to be removed and reconstructed. When bridges in service need to be reconstructed, user costs occur from vehicle detours and traffic congestions, and social costs occur from noise and dust during construction periods. However, these user and social costs are not considered during reconstruction and the evaluation methods of those costs are vague. Thus, there is lack of appropriate bridge types that consider these costs. Therefore, this paper identifies the social overhead costs that occur during bridge reconstruction, which is also called, users' socioeconomic values. Next, it proposes a method to evaluate user costs during bridge reconstruction, and appraises the method. User costs are evaluated based on traffic information, social and material volumes including the bridge's daily traffic volume, peak hours, detour distance and time. In addition, time delay costs due to traffic operational costs and bridge reconstruction are also taken into consideration.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.9-33
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• 2017

This study estimated the socioeconomic costs of child poverty. Based on previous studies, the present study organized component categories for direct and indirect costs of child poverty, and estimated the cost of each category in 2015 through the collection of existing data and Delphi survey techniques among experts. The total socioeconomic costs of child poverty were compared to Korea's GDP. The results of this study were as follows. First, the socioeconomic costs of child poverty in Korea in 2015 ranged from 55 trillion KW(3.5% of GDP) to 99 trillion KW(6.5% of GDP). Second, the indirect socioeconomic costs of child poverty are much higher than the direct costs. Third, among the total cost categories, costs related to productivity loss and unemployment accounted for the largest portion of both the socioeconomic costs based upon absolute poverty and relative poverty. Crime costs are the second largest. Based on these results, we discussed the importance of early intervention for children in poverty; implementation of two-generation program that intervenes simultaneously with parents and children; and long-term, continuous and integrated intervention for high-risk groups such as poor children.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.371-389
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• 2009

This study estimates the socioeconomic costs of missing children in Korea. The costs were classified as direct costs and indirect costs. The direct costs consisted of direct costs for searching for missing child such as making posters, transportation, and medical costs. The indirect costs were computed by the opportunity costs caused by child missing. The total costs that could be attributable to missing child were estimated to be about 570 million won per long-term missing child. This provides strong evidence that prevention of child missing is the most important and quick recovery after child is missing is the second most important. Missing child incurs substantial socioeconomic costs to the Korean society. Therefore, this study provides strong need for more interest from people who are indifferent to missing child issues and strong support for more government interventions to solve missing child problem in Korea. Further studies are needed to calculate socioeconomic costs of child missing more exactly.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.494-496
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 향후 우리나라에 전자계 규제가 이루어질 경우 국민이 부담해야하는 사회 경제적 비용을 추정하였다. 여기에서 사회 경제적 비용의 추정은 전자계 규제치를 만족하기 위해 선로 지상고만을 조정하였을때 추가되는 건설비용을 기준으로 한 기초적 검토 결과로써 송전선로 표준 모델을 사용하여 예측한 결과 $20{\mu}T$로 기준 설정시 부터 사회 경제적 비용이 발생함을 알 수 있었으며, $10{\mu}T$로 기준 설정 시에는 약 20조원의 추가 비용이 발생할 것으로 예상된다.