• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.275-292
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• 2019

This study was initiated with the attention of demanding new and diverse approaches, we're talking familiar with imitations in the design process like a way to draw a image. So I studied a convergence of humanities and visual arts with the understanding and conceptual approach of the formless. The purpose of this study is to develop formless languages and to organize practical courses which are to enable deeper research and design expression on theoretical approaches and explanations of outcomes required before and after the process when we practice in connection with the formless. The method of this study is to draw detailed items from selected words through advanced researches, work and author researches and practice teaching. The results of the study I proposed the formless language that is related to the horizontality in spatial positioning system, and pulse in the separation of space and time, and entropy in structural orders of the system, and base materialism in the limitation of matter as the operating mechanism and parent item of formless. And those elements are related with shape, size, shading, color, texture, space, structure as visual elements of formative elements and those have various adjectival meanings as the subordinate concept. So I presented an education materials of basic design which is to enable understanding and expressing the formless language in the overall process of formless visual art(theoretical approach, practice course, presentation, etc.). Based on these study results, I hope that this educational materials will be used as educational contents that makes them express and understand different new beauties, and a role that reveals social identity, and a reference for research on a formless visual arts.

• 재활복지
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 2016

This study is a qualitative case study of 5 substance abusers recovered from drug addiction. It is useful socially and practically to understand about the rehabilitation and its process of recovering from drug addiction. Since this study deals with very private and sensitive issues, qualitative research approach is suitable. Data were collected through one to one in-depth interviews, and were analyzed by using analysis within/cross cases suggested by Creswell(2007). 5 individual cases were presented including substance addicts experiences and recovery process through within-cases analysis. Based on the within-cases analysis, common themes were presented through cross-cases analysis. Total 19 themes, related with recovery from substance addicts, were derived from the five individual cases, and 4 common themes were classified. These 4 common themes were first, recovery of sense of reality, second, taking self-existing pattern, third, self reconstruction in the context of social network, fourth, self-love. Based on the study results and discussions, practical implications were suggested to help persons claiming recovery from substance addicts for their recovery and rehabilitation.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.144-159
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• 2013

This study covers Namwoneupseong Fortress(南原邑城), Historic Site No. 298, which played a pivotal role in the urban development and military defense history of Namwon during the Joseon Dynasty. From the related historical records, Namwoneupseong Fortress was first constructed during the reign of King Seongjong. Discussion on the extension of Namwoneupseong Fortress, afterwards, was mainly guided by he traces of Yuingweseong Fortress(劉仁軌城). In other words, the original construction of the Fortress was in the original shape of the current Namwoneupseong Fortress, and Yuingweseong Fortress heavily impacted the extension works of Namwoneupseong Fortress. Although some studies covered Namwoneupseong Fortress and its overall construction process, no in-depth study exists on the original Namwoneupseong Fortress and Yuingweseong Fortress. This study covers the overall construction process of Namwoneupseong Fortress. At the same time, we tried to confirm inclusively and objectively the facts related to the relationship between Yuingweseong Fortress and Namwoneupseong Fortress, process and range of the expansion of Namwoneupseong Fortress among others through the location search of the originally built Namwoneupseong Fortress and Yuingweseong Fortress. The study discovered that Yuingweseong Fortress was built in A.D. 660~665 and that Namwoneupseong Fortress, which was built in the early stage of King Seongjong's reign, was extended along the traces of Yuingweseong Fortress towards the southeast. Furthermore, the study confirmed that Namwoneupseong Fortress is consisted of three sections - the section with Namwoneupseong Fortress's original walls preserved, newly constructed section, and the section following Yuingweseong Fortress's traces.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.163-169
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• 2019

This study examined whether industry-level competition affects excess stock returns because of changes in cash holdings. Competitive inter-company threats increase the possibility of the manager's replacement, and function to induce management to make their best efforts, resulting in the amount and quality of the information provided by the enterprise increasing. Therefore, as competition intensifies, agency problems are reduced and stock returns increase because the company's cash holdings are expected to increase. However, there is a view that firms in industries with severe competition tend to have high information asymmetry because competitors may compete in more favorable positions by using detailed information disclosed by the competing firms. Accordingly, as market competition intensifies, the excess stock returns resulting from increased cash holdings are expected to decline. These results show that excess stock returns because of increases in cash holdings increase as the degree of competition in the industry intensifies, thus supporting the positive effect of market competition. Overall, the results of this study provide an understanding that market competition plays an effective external governance mechanism and that investors positively evaluate the cash held by companies with severe industry competition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2011

This study is explored the relationship of cultural history between the culture of mental stroll about nature and the traditional landscape architecture spaces, which showed various aspects of developments, based on the records as to landscape architecture spaces. The philosophical view on nature was turned into the esthetic view with the mellow ripeness of multifarious cultures in Choseon period, since the life of literati had to be a comprise between the Confucius' life and the Taoist life. Around the seventeenth century, as the culture of enjoying a secluded life in city had been descended, the aspiration to appreciate nature in daily life with the changed view on nature. Those desires made the Wa-yu culture, which has a meaning of mental stroll about nature, and drew the attention and various kinds of the Wa-yu culture had bloomed. In the field of Korean literature, the record of strolling in nature had flourished, while the realistic landscape painting had emerged in the field of art. In the field of landscape architecture, the building of places where the vivid experience of nature was realized in the aspect of impressions was performed to express their utopia. Indeed, the space of traditional landscape architecture in the reality meant more than the actual nature.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.175-240
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand how the perception and attitude in children's education have changed over the 20th century in South Korea by searching the newspaper articles. The modernization in 20th century brought radical changes in every aspect of Korean society including education. As an educational attitude and policies from the government changed, so did the tones reflected in the newspaper articles. To sum up, there were four (4) principal changes found from this study as follows;Firstly, parental involvement and role as an educator became more important in Korean society and huge generation gap arose in attitudes towards children's education and custody. Secondly, the traditional gender-based roles of mothers' with image of love and fathers' with strength disappeared and mothers' responsibility of children's education were more emphasized during 20th century. Meanwhile, today's society is calling for an immediate return of fathers' involvement and commitment to children's education in the household. Thirdly, as the overflow of information and knowledge in 20th society caused an excessive interest in children's education, there were rising demands for establishing proper views and ideas on children's education. Lastly, the responsibilities of children's education which had been laid on household was expanded to public and government, which can be seen from the fact that an educational support from the government was extended to the children of overseas Korean as well as those residing in Korea.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.59
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• pp.9-32
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to study the development process of our native verses from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Goryeo Dynasty. The contents of the discussion can be summarized as follows. Typical form of "Sanega" from the Three Kingdoms Period to the late Silla/ early Goryeo Dynasty is a well organized 3-layered structure representing the contents of enlightenment of a high priest. Sanaega has a poetic style characterized by distinct literary features compared to other native verses in the same era. The reason is that 10-line Hyangga improves its poetic level as it is aware of Chinese poetry. As it enters the Goryeo Dynasty, this literary composition starts to change. In other words, Sanega declines and quatrain emerges in the front of literary history. Unlike the Three Kingdoms Period ~ the late Silla/ early Goryeo Dynasty, development of quatrain results from that native verses enhances the characteristics of song rather than poem in the Goryeo Dynasty. Native verses form the mutually complementary relationship by adjusting the position as the song rather than competing with it as the poem as Chinese poetry becomes more common. In the Goryeo Dynasty, Sanaega declines and Sijo emerges in literary history, because native verses have been developed in the poetic form to freely express general emotion and to be more loved from the public. It is in the same vein as a native verse in the form of quatrain raises its vitality by enhancing the characteristics of the song through the adjustment of its position compared to Chinese poetry.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.301-330
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• 2014

Varied opinions have been raised on Sushen's regional activities. These are Hwabuk drift theory, Shandong Peninsula drift theory, Liaotung Peninsula theory and the theory of Eastern Area in Heilongjiang Province. The theory of Sushen Dongbei that Sushen's regional activities are the Eastern Area in Heilongjiang Province is widely accepted in the chinese academia. However, this paper try to criticize the theory of Sushen Dongbei on the basis of archeological data. Prehistoric monuments of the Eastern Area in Heilongjiang Province are Singaeryu remains, Sonamsan remains, Aenggaryeong remains, Seokhoejang remains, Jinheung remains and Aporyeok remains. Residential group in the Eastern Area of Heilongjiang Province lived the economic life of fishing and hunting and were involved with primitive agriculture only in partial area. Its society was patriarchal clan steps of phallocentrism. By considering the cultural exchange between the Eastern Area in Heilongjiang Province and Chinese dynasty, the aspect of cultural exchange in two areas was unascertainable. Therefore, the theory of Sushen Dongbei is a mistake in Chenshou's "Sanguozhi" and nothing but a theory that base on the unified theory of Zhonghua minzu and the nationalistic intention in China.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.137-168
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to search for the main content system and Confucian meaning of "Yu Shu;虞書" of "The Book of Documents; 書經". This research covers two things: first, the form of The Book of Documents and the main content system of "Yu Shu". The Book of Documents consists of 4 main dynasties' Shu in ancient chinese history; "Yu Shu" 5 chapters, "Xia Shu; 夏書" 4 chapters, "Shang Shu; 商書" 17 chapters, and "Zhou Shu; 周書" 32 chapters, for a total 58 chapters. This book is organized in the form of six formalities(六體) or ten examples(十例). Second, the Confucian value of The Book of Documents and philosophical meaning of Yu Shu. Yu Shu shows a benign rule(仁政), confucianism ideal politic, as an historic example of a benevolent administration. By this research, we recognize that the tradition of abdication in the confucian society and the way of selecting people are theoretical foundation of politics based on people, rule by virtue and, by extension, a dynastic revolution. In addition, governing a country and rule the world that is treated in Yu Shu are a theory of leadership and moral training as a background of "Da Xue"(大學; Great Learning). Furthermore, Xiao(孝;filial piety) emphasized on this book is the main virtue of leaders and core value of practical action among the human relation. by extension, we recognize that the "Yu Shu" is the origin of "Xiao Jing; 孝經".

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.579-595
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• 2022

This study is a qualitative case study of secondary science teachers who are doing educational activities in YouTube. In particular, this study attempts to interpret this case based on Foucault's concept of 'Heterotopia', which means a space that allows for private freedom or deviance by reflecting various utopias without the norms and constraints from every day or real space. Five secondary science teachers who voluntarily opened a personal channel on the YouTube platform and actively uploaded their own videos related to science education participated in the study. In order to understand the experiences of five secondary science teachers, data were individually collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and the collected data were analyzed using qualitative case study method. For valid interpretation of the study, we also referred to the video contents, teacher training materials, and teaching and learning materials produced by the participants. As a result of the study, seven themes were revealed: 'Desire for one's own unique educational activities,' 'Youtube as an extended classroom space,' 'Expanded network of relationships beyond the classroom barrier,' 'Satisfaction of desire for recognition and experience of identity as a YouTuber,' 'Tension between the educational space and the YouTube,' 'Space to be reborn as a craftsman,' and 'Finding one's own direction as a Teacher-YouTuber.' Given those findings, we found that the identity and desire of secondary science teachers, which were limited in the existing secondary schools and classrooms, was expanded in a new space called YouTube. In addition, we suggested that YouTube could be a space where science teachers can realize their own ideals and feel the joy. And simple regulating teacher's behavior in Youtube space only based on norms and standards shared in traditional educational space would rather hinder their healthy construction of identity and growth.